Yep, and off the top of my head, the industries it affects the most are the electricity sector, the cement industry, and the steel industry.
With regard to the steel industry, the thing that is so detrimental about Australia leading the way with the carbon tax is that the steel company I work for already has a hard time competing with overseas companies that produce at lower cost. Add a levy that is not imposed on overseas products, and that's us gone forever from Australia. (Unless the rumours are true, and there's an Indian steelmaker eyeing us off.)