The Nineteenth Byte

New Main Posts

6:00 AM

-1

Q: c++ , if else statement doesn't work , where is my mistalke? thanks for the help!

by the following code it should be printed how many times is every element appears in an array but it seems that i have a mistake in my code, that i couldn't recognize the numbers 0.3 and 0.6 are counted as 0.0 i would be grateful if i get some help. void getTotalA(int n, float a[], int b[]);...

c++

Anonymous

@LeakyNun Maybe, but then the stack would have to be conserved across every iteration. It's less complicated to just give it a new stack.

Anonymous

@LeakyNun That's not a bug. That's a feature that's only present in the newest version. TIO is a version or two behind.

Anonymous

Speaking of which... @Dennis, pull Actually please?

Leaky Nun

@Mego Cool, then I can use 'bu to produce c

Anonymous

Yep

Leaky Nun

6:09 AM

Also, what is the "extended command"?

Anonymous

@LeakyNun 11 bytes: 93+#"{:x}"f

Anonymous

@LeakyNun Nothing yet

Leaky Nun

@Mego wow, nice

I'm still going to use 'bu though

Destructible Watermelon

yo

Anonymous

@LeakyNun If you're talking about the challenge I think you're talking about, that feature post-dates it

Leaky Nun

6:12 AM

@Mego ... y u no say earlier

I've changed everything already

Anonymous

Because it's your responsibility to make sure that the language features you use are older than the challenge?

Leaky Nun

sure

Why doesn't this work?

Anonymous

Because you need % for old-style formatting

Leaky Nun

Nice thanks

Anonymous

After you post your competitive solution, I'm going to try to come up with a non-competitive optimal set of solutions using the entire code page.

Leaky Nun

6:26 AM

Ok

Heck, with your newly added feature, everything can be done in under 3 bytes

Sherlock9

Which challenge, Leaky?

Leaky Nun

25

Q: Print every printable ASCII character without using it

In a programming language of your choice, write 95 programs, each of which outputs a different one of the 95 printable ASCII characters without that character occurring anywhere in the program. For example, if your language was Python, your program that outputs the character P might be print(ch...

code-golf string restricted-source printable-ascii

Sherlock9

Ah, nice

Sp3000

Is ' doable in 3?

Leaky Nun

why would it be?

Sp3000

6:30 AM

You said "everything can be done in under 3 bytes"?

Leaky Nun

Oh, with the newly added feature

Anonymous

Nope

Anonymous

Can't use ' to make '

Leaky Nun

@Mego Except the space

Anonymous

"&"u for 4

Leaky Nun

6:31 AM

The space would need to be :32c

since you added u but not D

Anonymous

Yeah D is coming next

Anonymous

I ran out of time to add the functionality to D

Anonymous

There, D now works similarly

Leaky Nun

6:44 AM

0

A: Print every printable ASCII character without using it

Actually, 383 For easy reference, the first column is the character code, the second column is the character, and the third column is the code. The code for 0 is a single space. 032 :32c 033 ! HN 034 " 9Fc 035 # :35c 036 $ :36c 037 % :37c 038 & :38c 039 ' :39c 040 ( :40c 041 ) :41c 042 * :42...

@Mego

114 r 9R$F

@Mego \o/

Anonymous

Nice

orlp

7:06 AM

anyone here?

I don't understand this problem

golf.shinh.org/p.rb?f+0

Leaky Nun

@orlp you are given the values of f(1) ... f(10)

your task is to find f(0)

orlp

@LeakyNun but f(0) is always 0...

f(x) = Σ[n=0..9]{a_n*x^n}

see my problem?

Leaky Nun

@orlp 0^0 is 1 here

ASCII-only

@orlp How?

orlp

@ASCII-only apart from because powers of 0...

but 0^0 is undefined

normally

ASCII-only

7:16 AM

@orlp No, it's 1 normally

Leaky Nun

@orlp just assume that it is 1 here

orlp

so if I understand this correctly

we have this matrix

[1  1   1    1     1      1       1        1         1          1 | i_1]
[1  2   4    8    16     32      64      128       256        512 | i_2]
[1  3   9   27    81    243     729     2187      6561      19683 | i_3]
[1  4  16   64   256   1024    4096    16384     65536     262144 | i_4]
[1  5  25  125   625   3125   15625    78125    390625    1953125 | i_5]
[1  6  36  216  1296   7776   46656   279936   1679616   10077696 | i_6]
[1  7  49  343  2401  16807  117649   823543   5764801   40353607 | i_7]

Leaky Nun

yes

orlp

err i should've been a

oh no

a is the variables in the columns

Leaky Nun

multiplier

orlp

7:23 AM

[1  1   1    1     1      1       1        1         1          1][a_1]    [ f(1)]
[1  2   4    8    16     32      64      128       256        512][a_2]    [ f(2)]
[1  3   9   27    81    243     729     2187      6561      19683][a_3]    [ f(3)]
[1  4  16   64   256   1024    4096    16384     65536     262144][a_4]    [ f(4)]
[1  5  25  125   625   3125   15625    78125    390625    1953125][a_5]    [ f(5)]
[1  6  36  216  1296   7776   46656   279936   1679616   10077696][a_6]  = [ f(6)]
[1  7  49  343  2401  16807  117649   823543   5764801   40353607][a_7]    [ f(7)]

Leaky Nun

yes

orlp

well

just one equals sign

Anonymous

Unless you're multiplying row vectors by single-element vectors

Anonymous

In which case the multiple equals signs makes sense :P

Destructible Watermelon

I had a good idea for a challenge

I'm going to sandbox it soon

sandbox'd

orlp

7:31 AM

@LeakyNun I don't see an elegant solution

Leaky Nun

@orlp me neither

orlp

do you know if it's possible to solve a matrix using sympy

but without concrete values

Destructible Watermelon

0

A: Sandbox for Proposed Challenges

Play the centipede game king-of-the-hill (please note that I need to learn how to make a controller) In this challenge, you must create a bot which plays the centipede game. In the centipede game, there are two players, and two piles of coins. One pile is 1/4 the size of the other. Each turn,...

Anonymous

Probably

Anonymous

Just put in variables for the variable values

New Sandboxed Posts

7:36 AM

0

A: Sandbox for Proposed Challenges

Play the centipede game king-of-the-hill (please note that I need to learn how to make a controller) In this challenge, you must create a bot which plays the centipede game. In the centipede game, there are two players, and two piles of coins. One pile is 1/4 the size of the other. Each turn,...

Sp3000

7:47 AM

@orlp As far as I can tell, it's like going from f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9 and interpolating a quadratic to get f(0) = 0? But in this case a degree 9 poly

orlp

if I did everything correctly

a_0 = 10*f_1 - f_10 - 45*f_2 + 120*f_3 - 210*f_4 + 252*f_5 - 210*f_6 + 120*f_7 - 45*f_8 + 10*f_9
a_1 = -4861*f_1/252 + 7129*f_10/2520 + 6121*f_2/56 - 6541*f_3/21 + 6751*f_4/12 - 6877*f_5/10 + 6961*f_6/12 - 1003*f_7/3 + 3533*f_8/28 - 789*f_9/28
a_2 = 79913*f_1/5040 - 6515*f_10/2016 - 115923*f_2/1120 + 400579*f_3/1260 - 71689*f_4/120 + 5985*f_5/8 - 461789*f_6/720 + 22439*f_7/60 - 39867*f_8/280 + 161353*f_9/5040
a_3 = -663941*f_1/90720 + 4523*f_10/2268 + 264767*f_2/5040 - 433739*f_3/2520 + 728587*f_4/2160 - 62549*f_5/144 + 273431*f_6/720 - 242639*f_7/1080 + 435893*f_8/5040 - 197741*f_9/10080

is that the generic solution

(but we only need a_0)

so let's try 10*f_1 - f_10 - 45*f_2 + 120*f_3 - 210*f_4 + 252*f_5 - 210*f_6 + 120*f_7 - 45*f_8 + 10*f_9 out

Sp3000

Er... that's an unnecessarily complicated way to go about it I think

Anonymous

Yeah, sum(a*b for a,b in zip((10, -45, 120, -210, 252, -210, 120, -45, 10, -1),map(int,input().split())) should work

orlp

seems that that did it

[10,-45,120,-210,252,-210,120,45,10]

is there some significance to this sequence?

Sp3000

Binomial coefficients with alternating signs would be my first guess

orlp

7:52 AM

seems pascal triangle-esque

yep

oeis.org/…

Sp3000

Hmm now I'm not sure whether the direct approach with your coefficient list is better or whether successive differences is better

orlp

successive differences?

Sp3000

8:08 AM

As in f=lambda L:L>[]and L[0]-f(map(int.__sub__,L[1:],L[:-1])) (badly golfed)

orlp

also, I'm new to anarchy code golf, why does it give multiple test cases that your program must solve at once?

@Sp3000 Im still confused

Sp3000

in Code Golfer's Corner, 15 hours ago, by xnor

is there a reason that anarchy challenges usually have multiple lines in input in each test case?

orlp

my direct form is not the simplest solution?

Sp3000

shrugs

orlp

I don't understand your solution Sp

can you write it non-golfed?

Sp3000

8:09 AM

Easier to give an example, e.g. the quadratic from before

[1, 4, 9] -> [3, 5] -> [2] taking differences

Then starting from the end, 3-2 = 1, and then 1-1 = 0

orlp

now I'm even more confused

like, how is repeated subtractions a solution for this problem?

Sp3000

It's like doing discrete derivatives then interpolating

DerpfacePython

we should have banner art for PPCG.

Anonymous

@orlp Divided differences a la Lagrange interpolation

DerpfacePython

Quoi?

xsot

8:16 AM

7

Q: Implement the Method of Finite Differences

The Method of Finite Differences is a technique used to find the next term in a sequence of numbers, given that the sequence is governed by consecutive values of a certain polynomial. Given a list of n terms, the Method will be able to determine the degree of the polynomial, which is a maximum of...

code-golf math number

Sp3000

^^ thanks xsot, was having trouble explaining

(also forgot that it had an actual name)

xsot

I didn't know this was a thing actually

orlp

why does this give a_0 though

Leaky Nun

CMC: 10 programs for each digit without using any digit (0x30 to 0x39 inclusive) in the source code.

Sp3000

It's to do with the fact that all the values given are for x=1..9 (i.e. evenly spaced with interval 1)

You could get f(-1) with a repeated application of the second half of the algorithm

xsot

8:19 AM

It helps to consider simpler polynomials

Sp3000

(for example)

DerpfacePython

Pop-con: build the banner for PPCG in 1kb or less?

Make-your-own banner?

Leaky Nun

Pyth:
Z
hZ
hhZ
hhhZ
hhhhZ
hhhhhZ
ttttT
tttT
ttT
tT

DerpfacePython

That way we could have a banner for PPCG and a reasonable pop-con.

Anonymous

52

Q: No strings (or numbers) attached

If you like this, you may also like Official Dyalog APL 2016 Year Game. Make 12 snippets/expressions, in the same language, that result in the numbers 0 through 10, and 42 respectively, but without writing any literal numeric, string, or character data. Build-in data, like PI() and ALPHABET()...

code-golf number restricted-source generation multiple-holes

orlp

8:21 AM

@LeakyNun for C, 'a'^'Q', 'b'^'Q', ...

Leaky Nun

@mego close the challenge on main as dup?

@orlp you forgot main and puts

orlp

@LeakyNun irrelevant

just wanted to post the solution

not the boilerplate :P

Leaky Nun

alright

orlp

@Sp3000 I think it's really cool that my two solutions for Fractal X and Fractal Plus only differ by 4 characters

xsot

8:39 AM

@orlp It's to avoid this kind of scenario: golf.shinh.org/p.rb?read+english+numbers

orlp

@xsot you can make many test cases without having them in one invocation of your program

xsot

The site restricts the problem setter to 3 test cases at most.

Leaky Nun

9:02 AM

@orlp for C use the first argument of main instead

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Morning all

CMC: What's the best pyramid you can make?

retina.tryitonline.net/…

Leaky Nun

programming quiz: what is the value produced by the following snippet? (dont cheat)

int a=0; (a++)+(++a)+(a++);

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

6

Leaky Nun

i think it is 5 instead

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

(0+1)+(1+1)+(1+1)

Oh yeah, that's five :P

Lynn

9:10 AM

It’s undefined behavior.

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@LeakyNun i think answer is 3

RTL

a++ increments a but reurns the initial value. ++a increments a and returns the incremented value. It all happens RTL

Anonymous

^

Anonymous

It depends on the compiler. gcc evaluates LTR, MSVC evaluates RTL.

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@LeakyNun putchar('D'-' ') ... putchar('M'-' ');

Anonymous

Unless I got that backwards again

Releasing Helium Nuclei

9:20 AM

@Mego i thought gcc is rtl too, it isn't?

Anonymous

Oh wait it's RTL for gcc and LTR for MSVC (and clang)

Releasing Helium Nuclei

Trying to find a good source w8

Anonymous

Actually, as of C++17, it's no longer UB. The standard states that the compiler is allowed to choose any evaluation order (indeterminate order).

Anonymous

en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/eval_order

Releasing Helium Nuclei

The C Standard states in any UB compiler should choose what happens, what is the difference?

ΛεγίωνΜάμμαλϠΨΠʹ

10:10 AM

Question: The C Standard says that compilers must specify their UB, but where are these specifications stored?

xsot

@orlp 80: main(x){for(x<<=16;x--;)x&x/2&'UU'||x%256*putchar((x^x>>8)&85?32:88)||puts("");}‌

orlp

@xsot hah, didn't think of multi-letter constants

should I post that?

or

Sp3000

Post as orlp (xsot) or the other way around?

However the system works

xsot

no need to credit me

it's a common trick

looks like you're still behind tails by one byte

orlp

@xsot ?

oh he posted a new answer then

@xsot wait a sec he's doing something weird

the statistics don't add up

xsot

10:19 AM

The missing bytes are whitespace characters

orlp

the only way I can see improving on my golf is the way you handle newlines

like, my answer is already so heavily golfed...

Sp3000

10:33 AM

@orlp btw forgot to say regarding earlier, I didn't mean that your solution wasn't simpler, it's just that they both look pretty good and I'm having trouble telling which one's golfier (xsot probably has an idea :P)

Leaky Nun

11:00 AM

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei main? if you have the main you can use the first argument

ideone.com/2YY9q7

Releasing Helium Nuclei

11:16 AM

Fatalize

11:44 AM

@Dennis Could you please pull Brachylog?

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

11:56 AM

Anyone know Retina here?

Actually nvm

Leaky Nun

@Fatalize What did you add?

@βετѧΛєҫαγ I am quite fluent in Retina

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei The second one prints 3 because you did not store the expression. You are only printing the final value of b which should be 3.

If you wrote b= (b++)+(++b)+(++b) then it would print 5.

Fatalize

@LeakyNun Fixed this

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

@LeakyNun I was wondering if it'd be a good language to answer this in:

9

Q: What's on the TV?

Challenge Write a program which, using the XML data from the site here, display the name of the programme which is currently showing on BBC 1. Information All times are given at London time (GMT+1 at the time of posting and GMT+0 after the 30th October). Therefore, you should convert your loca...

code-golf parsing internet

Leaky Nun

@βετѧΛєҫαγ No because you can't access the internet?

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Yeah, that's what I thought

Leaky Nun

12:02 PM

@Fatalize I see, thanks

CMC: come up with an alphabet challenge as CMC

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Ooh meta

Sp3000

o___O

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

CMC: Print the Greek alphabet

Leaky Nun

hammered as duplicate

Sp3000

Which part, how much, what order

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

12:06 PM

Fourier: 15 bytes

^

rapidtables.com/math/symbols/greek_alphabet.htm

Releasing Helium Nuclei

3 hours ago, by Leaky Nun

programming quiz: what is the value produced by the following snippet? (dont cheat)

int a=0; (a++)+(++a)+(a++);

;_;

Leaky Nun

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei What

Releasing Helium Nuclei

you didnt say a= ;_;

Leaky Nun

a=0;_; would define a variable underscore right

Releasing Helium Nuclei

i wrote "you didnt say `a=` ;_;" btw

Leaky Nun

12:11 PM

that would be syntax error

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Okay, new CMC: Display my username in as few bytes as possible.

Releasing Helium Nuclei

HTML: 19 bytes: βετѧ Λєҫαγ CSS: 41 bytes: body::before{content:"βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Leaky Nun

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei You mean I should omit the int?

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@LeakyNun you understood really wrong ;_; the snippet you posted (int a=0; (a++)+(++a)+(a++);) isnt int a=0; a=(a++)+(++a)+(a++); i meant this

Lynn

coi ro do. What’s up~

Leaky Nun

12:17 PM

Oh...

@Lynn coi

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei I intended it to be something like REPL

where the value intended is the last expression

Releasing Helium Nuclei

oooh

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Okay, final CMC:

Create a simple game in under 300 bytes

popularity-contest

Fatalize

@Lynn what's a coi ro do

Laikoni

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei So the smiley you used matched the snippet completely by chance? That's quite a coincidence.

Leaky Nun

@Fatalize "bonjour a tous" in lojban

Fatalize

12:24 PM

à*

I see

TimmyD

@βετѧΛєҫαγ PowerShell v2+, 100 bytes -- $r=Random -ma 100;while(($x=Read-Host)-ne$r){("Higher","Lower")[$x-gt$r];$i++}"You win! $i guesses."

Leaky Nun

@Fatalize I dont want to type the accent

TimmyD

PS C:\Tools\Scripts\golfing> .\random-number-guesser.ps1
50
Higher
75
Lower
65
Lower
60
Higher
63
Lower
62
You win! 5 guesses.

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@βετѧΛєҫαγ i did one, but its on the coke'd laptop ;_;

Fatalize

Don't want to take a look at Lojban, its phonology is awful

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

12:26 PM

labs.turbo.run/beta/fourier/…

In theory ^ that works...

It's an addition game

Lynn

@Fatalize What do you dislike about it?

Fatalize

@Lynn It just sounds terrible

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Obligatory xkcd

Lynn

That prenu klesi makes some pretty cool stuff! There’s a lot of nerdy heated debates though. I just ignore ’em.

Fatalize

Also no idea why it uses ' instead of h

Lynn

12:32 PM

I like Lojban, but slightly ironically

Fatalize

which looks a lot worse in text

Lynn

You can use h if you like (I do this when typing on my phone)

But yeah there’s Weird Reasons™. It’s a bit of a mess

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

^ go'i

Releasing Helium Nuclei

i like the word "pterodactyl"

2

did i spell it correctly?

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Yup

Fatalize

12:41 PM

I believe so

muddyfish

yay

Fatalize

Do english speakers pronounce the p in pterodactyl?

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Nope

Fatalize

ugh

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Like Ptolemy

Sp3000

12:42 PM

pno, like pneumonia

2

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Blame the greeks

muddyfish

no

Fatalize

Blame the british, we have the same words and we pronounce the leading p

Releasing Helium Nuclei

knee knight know

muddyfish

how do you even do that?

Releasing Helium Nuclei

12:43 PM

@Fatalize we do too

muddyfish

knights who say nee

Fatalize

… you just pronounce a p before it

that's not that awkward

muddyfish

like ph-terodactle?

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

puhtehrodactil

No, that's awful

puhnewmoaneea

muddyfish

I say it like terodactle

newmonia

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

12:44 PM

puhtowlemee

Releasing Helium Nuclei

nee night now

muddyfish

@βετѧΛєҫαγ Ok I actually do say the 'p' in that one

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

gasp

Fatalize

Pn and Pt are slightly awkward, right, but why not pronounce p in psychology!?

Releasing Helium Nuclei

syke!

muddyfish

12:46 PM

@Fatalize because it would sound weird

'psyduck'

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

@Fatalize It's not like you pronounce your Hs ;)

Fatalize

It wouldn't sound weird if everyone did it

muddyfish

it messes up with timing of syllables.

Business Cat

Then how do you pronounce phthisis?

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

You don't

2

muddyfish

12:47 PM

@BusinessCat is that even a word?

Fatalize

Sixth is the worst

Business Cat

Yes it is

muddyfish

@Fatalize sicth

Business Cat

n. 1. A disease characterized by the wasting away or atrophy of the body or a part of the body.

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

puke

Releasing Helium Nuclei

12:48 PM

8 vs 8th

Sp3000

@BusinessCat PH, this is?

Fatalize

@muddyfish seek-th?

Leaky Nun

@Fatalize The French accent is strong with you

Releasing Helium Nuclei

eight vs eighth

muddyfish

@Fatalize that would emphasize the 'i' sound, it's meant to be short

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

12:49 PM

siks-th

Business Cat

It's actually pronounced thigh-sis for some reason

Fatalize

sick-th

Releasing Helium Nuclei

siksþ

Fatalize

But that's wrong, x is not pronounced k aaaargh

Leaky Nun

@Fatalize phth is pronounced as th

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

12:50 PM

Damn it, I've forgotten how to say sixth

Leaky Nun

@Fatalize x is ks so xth = ksth and you just elided the s for easy pronunciation

Business Cat

sic-th

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

^ nope

Fatalize

(UK) IPA(key): /sɪksθ/, /sɪkθ/ The latter being non-standard

Releasing Helium Nuclei

siksþ is da tru way

Fatalize

12:51 PM

how the hell do you pronounce ksθ

Business Cat

That's how people say it ;_;

Fatalize

that's physically impossible

muddyfish

@BusinessCat k-th

Releasing Helium Nuclei

þ and θ are the same thing, former is an icelandic letter and the latter is an ipa thing

muddyfish

like cuff

Business Cat

12:52 PM

Now you're trying to tell me hard c and k are different sounds

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Curly c and Kicking k

Releasing Helium Nuclei

why do you guys have c in the first place

its either s or k

muddyfish

blame the romans

Business Cat

(shakes head) I don't know...

Fatalize

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei Church?

Champion?

Lynn

12:52 PM

I had to practice /sθ/ forever. Also /θs/, /ðz/

(Months, clothes)

Business Cat

We could just have one letter to be ch

instead

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Khloe

Fatalize

Months and Clothes for some reason I find those not too hard

but sixth though

Releasing Helium Nuclei

like Ç or Č, its the ch sound in different languages

Lynn

Are you sure you aren’t saying “monts” and “clodes”, though? I was, for years D:

Leaky Nun

12:53 PM

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei the "thorn" isnt an icelandic letter

Saxon runic also has that letter

Fatalize

Ç in French is s, just to annoy you even more

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@LeakyNun you know what i mean ._.

Leaky Nun

@Fatalize of course "ksth" is pronounceable

muddyfish

ci-k-th

Business Cat

I'm a native English speaker and I can't pronounce sixth properly so don't worry

2

muddyfish

12:54 PM

@BusinessCat nobody cares as long as its recogniseable

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

@Fatalize What about circonflexe? Does that change the sound?

Leaky Nun

@ReleasingHeliumNuclei ç is "ch" in your language?

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@LeakyNun yup

Leaky Nun

@βετѧΛєҫαγ c has no circinflexe

e circonflexe opens the vowel

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

@LeakyNun I know that, I was talking about other letters

Leaky Nun

12:55 PM

o circonflexe closes the vowel

Fatalize

@βετѧΛєҫαγ ê is always pronounced /ε/, whereas e is not alway pronouced that way

muddyfish

And this is TOTALLY about code golf right?

Leaky Nun

other circonflexes do nothing

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Oh okay

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@muddyfish discussing languages. noone said it was about programming

muddyfish

12:56 PM

I always called ê 'an e with a hat'

Fatalize

â is pronounced slightly differently than a though that difference is rapidly dissappearing

and î is the same as i

same for û

Business Cat

In math they call it a hat

Releasing Helium Nuclei

@muddyfish actually...circumflex is called a hat in my language :D

Fatalize

ô is pronounced /o/ whereas o is sometimes an open o

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

My french teacher told me circonflexes were added when an s was removed from Medieval French. E.g. vestements => vêtements

Fatalize

12:57 PM

true but not for all words

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

So I assumed they didn't change the sound

Fatalize

forest > forêt / hospital > hôpital

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Ahh

Fatalize

but that's not all words with circumflex accents

Business Cat

And then English had the sense to not use accents and put the s's back in

Fatalize

12:58 PM

english stole the words before the accents appeared I think

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Meh, the British spoke Medieval French for ages, so we just never changed the language

Releasing Helium Nuclei

english is a pretty new language

muddyfish

Café

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Beef

Business Cat

Old English was around the year 1000 right?

muddyfish

12:59 PM

Cheese

βετѧ Λєҫαγ

Lamb...yo

Releasing Helium Nuclei

> Old

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