The Nineteenth Byte

Beta Decay

6:06 AM

SO buddies ;)

Alex A.

I'm a huge dork.

Why did I spend so much time making this. ಠ_ಠ

Beta Decay

Ahem, Data Explorer is love, Data Explorer is life

That produces bar charts IIRC

Alex A.

It didn't when I looked. I got the data from SEDE and plotted it in R.

Beta Decay

Wow, R makes nice graphs :D

Alex A.

ggplot(data = as.data.frame(x), aes(x)) +
        geom_histogram(binwidth = 1,
                       origin = -0.5,
                       col = "black",
                       fill = "blue",
                       alpha = 0.5) +
        scale_x_continuous(breaks = 0:8) +
        labs(x = "Answer Score",
             y = "Frequency",
             title = "Alex's Stack Overflow Answers") +
        theme(text = element_text(size = 15))

With a fair bit of code, yes.

Requires the ggplot2 package.

Beta Decay

6:14 AM

Why do you have to specify so many parameters?

Alex A.

To make it look how I want it to look.

A bare bones version would be ggplot(data = as.data.frame(x), aes(x)) + geom_histogram().

Beta Decay

What does that look like?

Alex A.

Garbage. :P (Gimme a sec, will do it)

Beta Decay

Oh christ, that's horrible

Alex A.

Haha right?

Hence all the parameters.

Beta Decay

6:17 AM

You're excused :D

Alex A.

:P

PhiNotPi

Woo! My AP Physics C actually counts for 8 credit hours!

Alex A.

Nice!

PhiNotPi

According to the published AP conversion chart, it counts for 101/L+102/L, whereas I need 111/L+112/L.

...but now I've actually seen my (unofficial) transcript.

Which means, after the end of this semester, I'll be a "junior" based on my number of hours.

Alex A.

All of these numbers and letters are meaningless to me (with the exception of "AP").

Reto Koradi

6:25 AM

Oh come on, we all now that all respectable statistics are represented as pie charts!

Alex A.

@RetoKoradi ಠ_ಠ

randomra

@RetoKoradi I support the area-based charts, and if it's possible, not circles, but random blobs.

I'm hoping someone does the "I Saw That Coming" golf in Retina, so I don't have to.

Alex A.

@RetoKoradi You get what you asked for:

Reto Koradi

@randomra I'm sure they have their valid uses. I was obviously (I think?) poking fun at people presenting all kinds of nonsensical data as pie charts. Preferably as 3D pie charts in PowerPoint.

randomra

@RetoKoradi umm, I was poking fun too

Alex A.

6:35 AM

I've gotten good at recognizing graphs that were made in Excel. When I see them, I know to immediately disregard any statistics and conclusions drawn from the analysis.

randomra

area-based comparison is hard to do for humans, so it shouldn't be used too often

Alex A.

It's really easy for parrots though

randomra

@AlexA. there goes my BSc thesis :)

Reto Koradi

OMG, sometimes I'm slow. I only just got the pun in "I Saw That Coming". When I previously looked at it, I thought the ASCII art was a symbolized crown.

randomra

not without reason though

Alex A.

6:38 AM

@randomra A couple things. 1.) Awesome that you're doing a BSc thesis! What's your major and the topic of your thesis? 2.) Are you doing data analysis in Excel? ಠ_ಠ

One of the classes for my undergraduate statistics minor had an entire lecture devoted to why you shouldn't use Excel for statistics.

El'endia Starman

Hey people who have written an online interpreter for a language that can have an infinite loop...how do you stop an infinite loop?

randomra

@AlexA. umm, my BSc thesis was 7 years ago, I was doing medical image analysis

Reto Koradi

@El'endiaStarman In the CJam online interpreter, I can normally hit refresh on the page. Then the browser tells me that I have a long running script, and asks me if I want to stop it.

El'endia Starman

I was hoping to avoid that. Didn't really work with Django's lightweight bundled web server.

As in, it just started another thread...

Reto Koradi

CJam runs the script in the browser, not on the server.

El'endia Starman

6:43 AM

Ah, I should note that my Minkolang online interpreter doesn't use JavaScript.

Alex A.

Try to detect infinite looping.

El'endia Starman

It calls the Python interpreter server-side.

Yeah, sure, let's solving the Halting Problem while we're at it!

Alex A.

¯\_(ツ)_/¯

El'endia Starman

I think I could do something like 1) run for 50 steps, 2) check to see if there's been an interrupt signal (for example), 3) if not, go to 1. otherwise, 4) stop.

Alex A.

@randomra Haha sorry, I misunderstood. What did you study? What do you do now besides be awesome at Retina, J, and other things?

Reto Koradi

6:44 AM

I believe that was one reason why aditsu went with the browser approach. Not only endless loops, but people using resources with long running programs. It would also be very open to DOS attacks if you let people run arbitrary programs on your server (this last part is just my guess).

Alex A.

MS-DOS?

El'endia Starman

hmm

I would rather avoid reimplementing the whole thing in JavaScript...

Alex A.

@El'endiaStarman Include a halt button client side that will send a signal to the running code.

El'endia Starman

I probably could figure out a way to set time-outs.

@AlexA. Yes, that's what I want to do. I need to know how to send and receive that signal.

Reto Koradi

@El'endiaStarman I could think of at least two approaches. One is basically what you just described. You periodically check for interruption. The other one is that you run the interpreter in a separate thread, and kill the thread if you catch an interruption signal in the main thread.

El'endia Starman

6:47 AM

yeah

The latter approach is what I would prefer to do.

Now I just gotta figure out threads... :P

randomra

@AlexA. I did computer engineering/computer science MSc and then skipped 4 years because of some nasty illness, did not die, and tomorrow I'm going on an interview for my (possibly) very first job

that's it I think :)

Reto Koradi

@randomra Mind sharing where the interview is? Good luck with it!

Alex A.

@randomra I'm exceptionally glad to hear that you didn't die and I wish you the very best of luck tomorrow! Let us know how it goes!

randomra

@AlexA. Thanks!

@RetoKoradi local firm working exclusively for Siemens

Sp3000

@El'endiaStarman Is this Heroku or not Heroku?

El'endia Starman

6:50 AM

Oooh, cool!

Reto Koradi

@randomra Medical stuff? I know Siemens does all kinds of things.

Alex A.

@randomra You're in Hungary IIRC, right? That job sounds neat. :)

El'endia Starman

@Sp3000 Not Heroku. Am using WebFaction as the production server.

Sp3000

Hmm does an infinite loop break the server or something?

El'endia Starman

I did research and determined that WebFaction was basically one of the best options for doing shared hosting and Django.

randomra

6:51 AM

@AlexA. Yes, in Hungary.

El'endia Starman

No, I'm doing it all local right now. Dev server. :)

But, the problem is that an infinite loop can't be stopped.

Especially if I start another program run (even if I'm only stepping through it).

randomra

@RetoKoradi I'm not gonna do medical stuff for now, but they have that here too, and I can go there (inside the firm) later.

Alex A.

@El'endiaStarman Reto's idea of having it run in a separate thread and then kill the thread if you get an interrupt would work though, wouldn't it?

El'endia Starman

Well, it can, but it requires shutting down the local webserver (i.e., closing the command prompt) and restarting it.

randomra

but it not research-like medical stuff

El'endia Starman

6:52 AM

Yeah.

I'm looking into threads now. I think that's the way to go.

Alex A.

Reto's a pretty smart guy. :P

El'endia Starman

yeah :)

Pretty much everyone here is smart. (At least relative to the general population.)

Alex A.

@randomra Siemens does medical device manufacturing, correct? I didn't think they were at all involved in medical research.

Medical research is the area I'm in now and I'm trying to get out of it.

@El'endiaStarman Speak for yourself! dons dunce cap

El'endia Starman

I realized earlier today that there are a lot more mathematicians (or math-leaning people) that frequent this site and especially this chat room than I would have expected.

Reto Koradi

I know somebody working on medical software at Siemens. Well, haven't been in touch with him for some time, and he didn't respond when I e-mailed him last. I was hoping to sell them some software I wrote. :)

Alex A.

6:55 AM

Put it on a floppy disk and send it to them via postal mail.

Reto Koradi

@AlexA. Siemens has medical devices. Lots of other things as well. Sort of comparable to GE in scope.

Alex A.

Comparable to GE in scope?!

GE does all sorts of crap.

randomra

@AlexA. Siemens have some research closely related to their products, but maybe you wouldn't call that serious research

Reto Koradi

Siemens does, too. Not sure if it's as much. But it's a very large company that works in a lot of areas.

Alex A.

@El'endiaStarman True, but most of them are really good with computer science as well. I'm the exception there; I have a degree in math but very little knowledge of CS.

El'endia Starman

6:58 AM

@AlexA. Much like me! Applied Math degree, did not like the CS classes at my college (RIT).

But I love programming.

Alex A.

@randomra Yeah, that makes sense. I'd call any research that isn't about farts "serious." :P

@El'endiaStarman RIT?

El'endia Starman

@AlexA. Rochester Institute of Technology.

Alex A.

Ah, gotcha.

I've actually never taken a computer science course.

I think I would like it.

Reto Koradi

@AlexA. Theoretical computer science overlaps quite heavily with math.

Alex A.

So I've heard!

Reto Koradi

7:02 AM

Among the more practical classes, my favorite might have been compiler construction. That is a fun topic.

El'endia Starman

I did quite like the Introduction to Algorithms class I took at UW two summers ago.

Alex A.

@El'endiaStarman UW == University of Washington?

El'endia Starman

Yes, @AlexA., the UW in Seattle.

Alex A.

!!!

That's where I did my undergrad! :D

Who taught the algorithms course?

El'endia Starman

Did you ever hear about the Summer Academy for Advancing Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in Fields of Computing (or just "Summer Academy")?

I'd have to look that up. Old guy though.

Alex A.

7:04 AM

I haven't heard about that. I've done the UW Summer Institute in Biostatistics a couple of times though.

El'endia Starman

@AlexA. Larry Ruzzo.

Alex A.

I know the name but I don't think I've met him. Oddly, I think I know the name due to his involvement with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (where I used to work) rather than through UW.

El'endia Starman

huh, cool

Alex A.

So what is this Summary Academy for Advanced Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in Fields of Computing?

SAADHHSFC

El'endia Starman

haha

washington.edu/accesscomputing/get-involved/students/resources/…

I was a student in 2011 and a Python teacher/tutor in 2013.

Alex A.

7:09 AM

That's awesome!

El'endia Starman

Yeah. I loved it both years.

Alex A.

So are you deaf or otherwise hard of hearing?

El'endia Starman

Totally deaf with two cochlear implants.

Alex A.

I don't know what cochlear implants are

El'endia Starman

Cochlear implant

A cochlear implant (CI) is a surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing. Cochlear implants may help provide hearing in patients who are deaf because of damage to sensory hair cells in their cochleas. In those patients, the implants often can enable sufficient hearing for better understanding of speech. The quality of sound is different from natural hearing, with less sound information being received and processed by the brain. However, many patients are able to hear and understand speech and environmental...

Now that I think about it, you should really read up on these things. It requires both medical science and computer science.

Lots of math too.

Alex A.

7:11 AM

Sounds like something @randomra may be interested in as well. :)

El'endia Starman

oh yeah, definitely

Alex A.

So are you able to hear via the implants despite being deaf?

El'endia Starman

yup

Alex A.

That's really cool. Science FTW.

El'endia Starman

I can hear incredibly well for a deaf person, in fact.

Alex A.

7:12 AM

:)

El'endia Starman

The surgeons who implanted them were really good.

Alex A.

How long have you had them?

Reto Koradi

Pretty amazing what they can do these days.

Alex A.

No kidding.

Reto Koradi

Don't they also have the first eye implants for blind people? Where they basically have a camera, and then send signals into the visual nerves?

El'endia Starman

7:14 AM

Got one implanted on my left side when I was almost 6.5 years old. It malfunctioned almost 9.5 years later, just within the 10-year warranty. So I got that replaced for free and insurance covered the cost of the right side implant too because it was deemed "medically necessary". That was...about six years ago?

@RetoKoradi Yes, and they're making good progress.

Blurry shapes now, I think.

No wait, it's been about 7.5 years. Wow.

Alex A.

I'm going to head off to bed. Good night, all.

And @randomra, good luck again on your interview tomorrow!

Reto Koradi

I should go sleep, too. Good night!

El'endia Starman

G'night!

Martin Büttner

@Dennis Nice 3x3 solution. I tried the same thing, but didn't come up with something as simple as 5, :D (I tried 1]5*, which is way too long of course).

randomra

7:33 AM

@AlexA. Thanks!

@MartinBüttner which challenge are you talking about?

Martin Büttner

@randomra Symbolic Negative

> @Reto Kaldari

Lembik

9:06 AM

hi all

have we had roman numeral multiplication ever?

codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/20670/… I see

Stewie Griffin

9:27 AM

Quick question: Is there an online compiler sites that supports more languages than ideone? Is there a site that compliments it (one that has both cjam, pyth and perhaps more)?

Lembik

anyone here know about capturing pcap?

Sp3000

@StewieGriffin In a sense, anarchy golf

@Lembik I know there's this thing called Wireshark, but that's about it

Lembik

@Sp3000 Thanks

Sp3000

9:46 AM

Also, Cloudshark for online

(not as useful IMO though)

Actually can CloudShark capture or is it just for viewing pcaps? shrugs dunno

El'endia Starman

...I did it. Finally. The program-running process is terminated the moment you press any button again after pressing "Run".

Almost 6 am. Time for bed.

New Main Posts

10:43 AM

0

Q: Using the if statement, Write a java program that calculates and prints the squares and cubes of nubers

Write an application that calculates and print the squares and cubes of the numbers 0 to 10. Note: This program does not require any input from the user

java

feersum

11:37 AM

I finally made documentation for my Snails language

It probably doesn't make sense to anyone but me though

Sp3000

:) nice

randomra

11:56 AM

ohh, @Sp3000 posted a short ><> mystery string, yay!

I was trying a 4-long nontrivial, but I don't think it exists

Sp3000

:) I don't think anyone's try yet though

(not that I know of anyway)

4-long's pretty hard IMO. Brute forcing wouldn't take long for starters

randomra

sure, but it would be still fun to find without bruteforce

something like 'n"; , but none of these is more than 1 char I think

Sp3000

Given that you need one output char and one terminate char... there's no much room to move :P

randomra

yeah

I couldn't crack this:
Range: <= 16
String: 4621430504113348052246441337820019217490490

16 char still not much in ><>

I could generate random stuff, but this wasn't generated by a similar method to mine

Sp3000

btw 59 can just be 'n; 3 chars

You can do a lot more with 16 IMO, especially if you start stack shifting before you print

randomra

12:02 PM

@Sp3000 yes

Sp3000

123456789v
         >l?!;}n

randomra

@Sp3000 like generate the sequence on stack, then shift&print?

Sp3000

^^ fun pseudo-randomness

(not really that random but it still looks pretty messed up on first glance)

How long is it to do a multiply-and-modulo chain?

randomra

15 for me:

14 actually, so you can use a 2-digit number in one position:

be+7*:nbb*%:?!;!

Sp3000

D:

Well.

randomra

12:07 PM

expected longer?

Sp3000

I didn't expect the e+

minxomat

@Erik Konstantopoulos Please don't apologize for a bad edit by making another edit o.O

randomra

@Sp3000 I need that so I can terminate

Sp3000

I just mean, the I didn't expect an addition and a multiplication to fit

Which makes things a fair bit harder

randomra

my 8-long try only gives 8 o's :P

Sp3000

12:26 PM

:P

randomra

and I can do any number of o's in 9 bytes...

Sp3000

I don't know what you're doing, but you're probably close :) (disclaimer: I might be completely wrong about that)

trichoplax

12:51 PM

I've said I don't think this secret santa sandbox post is a duplicate of the linked question‌, but would anyone like to have a glance and give a second opinion?

randomra

1:07 PM

@Sp3000 I can output 8, 13, 14, ..., but not 12 yet :D (but now I have a lot of idea what to post after I get yours)

Sp3000

:)

Sounds like you've almost got it

Beta Decay

Guys, I have a quine challenge idea involving this: filestore.aqa.org.uk/subjects/AQA-GCSE-COMPSCI-W-TRB-PSEU.PDF

Do you think it'll work?

randomra

@Sp3000 and now I have 12 of other chars....

Martin Büttner

@BetaDecay sounds like a language-specific duplicate of the basic quine challenge?

if you want to solve it yourself, just do it and add it as an answer there. if you want to see others solve it, put a bounty on that challenge.

trichoplax

Once it is fully specified, does it change from being pseudocode to being an anonymous language?

Geobits

1:17 PM

I say call it Suit O' Code.

2

trichoplax

For some reason that took me over 5 seconds to get :(

Geobits

It's morning (at least here), so I don't expect anyone (especially me) to be at the top of their pun game right now.

trichoplax

I was more worried about my parsing ability than your punning ability...

Geobits

Oh, I was including both in the term "pun game" :)

randomra

@Sp3000 got it! I will try to clean it up a little (and not reveal the tricks I will use for my submission), might be only 7 bytes

trichoplax

1:24 PM

Oh good. Then let's just pretend it's morning here too, and I won't feel so bad...

PhiNotPi

Woo! My first meta gold badge! (populist)

2

Martin Büttner

our meta or the meta?

PhiNotPi

our meta

I got it for this answer: meta.codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/760/…

Sp3000

@randomra Hint: 7 bytes may or may not have been intentional :P

Martin Büttner

congrats :)

PhiNotPi

1:26 PM

(Not that it's very relevant anymore.)

New Sandboxed Posts

1

A: Sandbox for Proposed Challenges

Stacking Cups Efficiently code-challenge I'm sure everyone has seen that cups can be stacked into pyramids (and other shapes) before: A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Yes, A is definitely an adequate character to represent a cup. For this challenge, we'll n...

Geobits

Looks like code trolling has done some good after all >_>

Martin Büttner

it gave phi some shiny pixels

(to be honest, only recently did some other answers of mine overtake my code trolling answer, and two are I/O default polls and one is a standard loophole)

trichoplax

@NewSandboxedPosts Amazing that any structure can be constructed using only those two operators. Also delightful that all outputs are in the form of monster sounds.

3

Martin Büttner

:D

I'll add that any two printable ASCII characters can be used for input and output.

Geobits

1:38 PM

But... monster sounds...

You're gonna end up with boring old + and - if you allow anything.

feersum

I agree: monster sounds should be mandatory.

DankMemes

@Geobits code trolling? Good?

feersum

If you really need more flexibility, you can substitute shouting monster sounds.

Geobits

AAAARRAARA!

Martin Büttner

@trichoplax it did take some trial and error to find two conceptually simple operators that would suffice.

@Geobits Syntax error: unknown operand !.

Geobits

1:42 PM

Treat the shout as A^7*R^3 and find the factorial.

trichoplax

@MartinBüttner You mean this isn't a known problem - you just came up with it from scratch?

Martin Büttner

@trichoplax It might be a known problem, but I didn't try searching yet.

(I also like how the operations seem like they should be inverses of each other.)

trichoplax

Yes - makes it seem very couterintuitive that they can be used to construct something

DankMemes

That's an interesting challenge

Martin Büttner

I'm not entirely sure yet if an optimal solution is too trivial... if I come up with a provably optimal, efficient algorithm, I might require optimality and make it a plain code golf.

quartata

1:46 PM

Reminds me of that boulder challenge you solved with a regex for some reason

Martin Büttner

is that "reminds me...for some reason" or "you solved with a regex for some reason"? :D

quartata

reminds me... for some reason

Martin Büttner

(wow that was a really quick necromancer badge for the sandbox post)

quartata

Anytime you solve something with a regex the effort was worth it. I'd never say "you solved with a regex for some reason"

Sp3000

When Martin talks about his challenges in chat, necromancing's pretty natural

Just like when Calvin posts a question, it's a natural good question. Except when it's about finding string strings

quartata

1:50 PM

What about me :3

trichoplax

@MartinBüttner Do answers need to deal with inputs with arbitrary amounts of leading whitespace? (vertically and horizontally) Seems fine either way, just wondering...

Sp3000

Sample size too small

(doing pretty well so far though :) )

Martin Büttner

@trichoplax No... that'll be in the fine print ;)

quartata

I seem to be very good at posting like three challenges in rapid succession and then just petering out for a week

VTCAKAVSMoACE

I just realized I was in the entirely wrong room. o-o

trichoplax

1:54 PM

There are other rooms??

4

quartata

Yes

VTCAKAVSMoACE

... Yeah. I was in the programming language building room. xD

Any who. Does anyone know how I can use the Data Explorer?

quartata

Carefully.

VTCAKAVSMoACE

Thank you so much! That really helps. -.- Seriously though.

feersum

With confidence and authority. It's good practice to always shout at SQL databases.

quartata

1:56 PM

What part of it is confusing?

trichoplax

I'm not likely to be any practical help, but I can recommend making your question more specific

You're currently getting answers at a level of specificity appropriate to the question ;)

quartata

Der

Geobits

@quartata Have you seen regexes for divisibility? Like for seven? Those are definitely "... for some reason", not because it was really worth it ;)

VTCAKAVSMoACE

Okay, well, I'm trying to figure out what the average number of bytes for a specific programming language is.

quartata

@Geobits Still worth it

It's beautiful.

*-*

Geobits

1:59 PM

The eye of the beholder comment has never seemed more appropriate.

New Sandboxed Posts

0

A: Sandbox for Proposed Challenges

code-golf roman-numeral Convert ciphered Roman numerals to Arabic decimals Make an algorithm to interpret a sequence of letters as a Roman numeral. (see roman numeral rules below) Each distinct letter has a matching Arabic decimal value, no maximum. But you don't have the key beforehand, ...

TimmyD

@Geobits That must be one of those "climb-Mount-Everest-because-it's-there" sort of things ...

Geobits

@VTCAKAVSMoACE What do you have for the query so far? I have problems with queries every so often, but actually giving a link to it or pasting in code helps more than just describing it broadly.

trichoplax

Are data.SE questions on topic on SO?

Geobits

I don't see why not, assuming you write it as a good SO question :)

Rainbolt

2:12 PM

If your question is SQL related, I would ask on dba.stackexchange.com

If your question is about data.se itself, I would ask on meta instead.

trichoplax

2:26 PM

Excellent advice. I was thinking of VTCAKAVSMoACE's question so I'm not certain what the exact problem is yet.

Rainbolt

Every time I join another chat room I think, "Meh. Missing Geobits."

5

Geobits

It's nice to feel needed :D

minxomat

Ever wondered how Visual Basics PRNG works? I did an analysis. :)

New Sandboxed Posts

2:44 PM

0

A: Sandbox for Proposed Challenges

N-queen-and-equine quine There is a variant of the well-known N-queens problem which involves queens and knights, which is said to be "considerably more difficult" 1. The problem statement is as follows: You must place an equal number of knights and queens on a chessboard such that no piec...

Cᴏɴᴏʀ O'Bʀɪᴇɴ

If my language can compile to itself, which can compile to itself, ..., does that mean it would be an infinite compilation and thus satisfy this question?

Geobits

> Write a perfectly legal code in a decent language of your choice...

Depends. Is it a decent language? ;)

Cᴏɴᴏʀ O'Bʀɪᴇɴ

@Geobits XD Is this decent? :3

trichoplax

Does that count as a descent language?

Geobits

I haven't gone over all of it yet, but it looks like there's a disturbing lack of jQuery.

8

Cᴏɴᴏʀ O'Bʀɪᴇɴ

2:51 PM

In what?

Geobits

The language itself.

Cᴏɴᴏʀ O'Bʀɪᴇɴ

o_o I'll add a dollar sign command

$ - enables jQuery

Geobits

Developer is quick to respond to suggestions — 4 stars

Sven The Surfer

minus 4 stars, isn't that harsh :|

Cᴏɴᴏʀ O'Bʀɪᴇɴ

Yay! wait out of how many stars

Geobits

2:55 PM

You don't wanna know

Cᴏɴᴏʀ O'Bʀɪᴇɴ

oh okay I'll assume five and be innocent.

Geobits

I don't know the term "Manhattan-adds". Is that different than "adds" somehow?

Cᴏɴᴏʀ O'Bʀɪᴇɴ

@Geobits Yes.

It's basically appending the digit to the end of the current byte.

A +M B = 10A + B

Geobits

Gotcha. Just never heard it called that I guess.

TimmyD

9

Q: Math in manhattan

I define the following operators: Manhattan Addition a +M b, for single-digit numbers, is the result of concatenating b onto a. So, a +M b = 10a + b. Therefore, the general operator +M is defined as thus: a +M b = 10a + b Manhattan Subtraction a –M b, for single-digit numbers, is the result of...

code-golf math number-theory

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