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11:11 AM
it's going to be 45 degrees Celcius in australia on the weekend
@skillpatrol why
do you?
 
Nope, just thinking about getting one.
 
user228700
@skillpatrol Nope.
 
@skillpatrol I recommend you don't get one
 
user228700
Also, @Kenshin: Hello :-) What to do in the summer? :'-(
 
it's not a financially sound decision
hello @Kaumudi.H :D
@Kaumudi.H in summer we swim at the beach
and go to the shops or the movie theatre where it's airconditioned
 
11:13 AM
It looks like the future of "computers."
 
or otherwise stay home in the aircon
@skillpatrol no way the interface is too small
 
user228700
@Kenshin Hmm, OK...
 
what @Kaumudi.H?
 
user228700
:?
 
what do you do ?
 
user228700
11:14 AM
Nothing, really.
 
user228700
I haven't had free summers in quite some time, now.
 
oh...
that's a shame
 
user228700
I've had classes during the summer in the past 3 years...
 
but you have the weekend free tho
I assume
what hours are classes in your country?
 
user228700
Nah, I had classes even on Sundays. Longer on Sundays, in fact--8 hours or so.
 
11:15 AM
wow
in Australia school is mon to friday 9 tiil 3
 
user228700
School is only during the week tho; 8-3.
 
that's gud
what is sunday school?
is that voluntary extra study?
 
user228700
It's not Sunday school, it's "coaching class" which yes, is voluntary.
 
how many people do that?
10%? 50%? 90%?
 
user228700
Millions.
 
user228700
11:17 AM
That would be about 70-80%
 
is that a necessity to remain academically compoetitive?
wow yeah taht is alot
 
user228700
Yep.
 
user228700
Well, it depends on the student, I suppose.
 
you guys must be really smart
 
user228700
But even if u don't attend classes, weekends aren't "free"...
 
11:18 AM
how come?
homework?
 
user228700
@Kenshin I really don't know about that.
 
but you do so much study, you will have alot of knowledge
 
user228700
@Kenshin If u don't attend classes, u must prepare at home, on ur own, u know...
 
too much
 
user228700
What is?
 
11:19 AM
study
too much work
 
user228700
Oh, right. Yes, sort of. I don't want to talk about it... (:-P)
 
lol k
u going to see this? @Kaumudi.H
 
user228700
No, I'm not going to watch "Beauty and the Beast" although I would love to. I'm watching the video x'D
 
user228700
Lol, there's even a hipogrifff in it!
 
lol yeah
fantastic film
 
11:33 AM
 
what is a better way?
 
I find light clocks to be a great way to introduce relativity to beginners as it allows a student to easily visualise the concept
 
Yes, the concept of "time" itself.
 
yes time is what clocks measure
 
11:36 AM
The only good way to understand SR is to understand that the proper time is an invariant - technically a Lorentz scalar - and given by the metric.
 
and what better clocks to use than light clocks
 
Once you understand that everything else follows naturally.
 
@JohnRennie perhaps, but I don't think this is a good approach for teaching someone for the first time
 
I disagree
 
Why?
 
11:38 AM
I think it confuses students and they never attain a decent understanding. At best they throw around factors of $\gamma$ in the vain hope the answer will drop out.
 
I think that's too big a generalization John
many students learn with light clocks initially and then later learn a more rigerous approach and don't throw around factors of gamma in vain
 
Einstein used them.
 
what happened to the best of PSE? lol
 
@YashasSamaga, right here, what do you need?
 
uhm
I meant the Best of PSE meta post
 
11:40 AM
oh I thought you meant the best of PSE
<-
 
Changing the pedagogy of SR is not going to be an easy task @JohnRennie
You can try :-)
 
SR pedagogy will have to manage without me. I'll just do my best to pick up the pieces here.
 
And we appreciate that.
 
11:56 AM
@JohnRennie why did university challenge get cancelled from 1987-92?
 
If you're interested the BBC did a documentary about University Challenge that is very interesting. It's be floating around on the Internet somewhere.
 
From memory it was just that Bamber Gasgoine had been doing it for a long time and the show was getting a bit tired. The BBC revived it by getting Jeremy Paxman to host it. Paxman is a far more aggressive and spiky host than Gasgoine ever was.
 
Yes he is.
 
I don't watch it routinely, but I think it is a good show these days. It's always embarrassing how few of the questions I can answer :-)
 
12:00 PM
I like it when they do the alumni shows.
The pace is slower.
 
@Slereah A parametrization is a homeomorphism $\Bbb R^n \to U$. A chart is $U \to \Bbb R^n$.
Or at least that's the convention I use
But yeah some people like to call everything charts
 
1:00 PM
answers to old questions go unseen?
 
@YashasSamaga What do you mean?
 
Hey @Qmechanic, how come this got protected? Did it make HNQ or something?
because if yes, that's one more black mark on that algorightm
 
@ACuriousMind an upvote won't bring an old post to the active list, right?
answering a question momentarily brings an old question to the active list?
 
@YashasSamaga No; the active list shows new answers and edits to the question or one of the answers.
 
so those who always check questions using the "newest" tab will never see answers to the old questions
 
1:11 PM
Correct
If you want to see interesting answers the newest tab is rather useless
 
^ hence the existence of the active tab
 
some old answers never get upvoted
 
Hello
 
hi
do I mark a question X as duplicate if another question Y has an answer which answers the question X?
question Y's title does not directly indicate that question Y answers the question X
 
1:25 PM
@YashasSamaga If the questions are so similar that every answer to one would also answer the other then marking as duplicate is justified. If it's just the case that that other question happens to have an answer that also answers the other, but the questions themselves are different, then they're not duplicate.
 
aw I am going to have declined flags now
 
Whether the title itself is similar or not is not that relevant.
 
the question Y asks around 8-9 questions
question X is a part of it
0
Q: Why are magnetic field lines closed?

V.KarthikIf there were two charges placed at a large distance, won't their (say) magnetic fields interact? What if that large distance is something like close to infinity? Even if they experience a feeble force from each other, doesn't that imply that the magnetic field lines are not closed, as the partic...

^ question X
0
Q: What do we mean with magnetic monopole and dipole?

TheQuantumMan What do we mean with magnetic monopole and dipole? I can not find a way to relate magnetic monopoles and dipoles with electric ones. I do not understand their outcomes. Also,what is their role in Gauss' law for magnetism (the net magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero)? I read that the ...

^ question Y
 
@YashasSamaga Don't worry about declined flags unless you have multiple instances with the same problem
 
I have 4 declined, 91 helpful
 
1:29 PM
@EmilioPisanty : I unprotected it for now. I didn't saw it in the HNQ, but OP has recently asked several poorly received basic kinematic questions that we don't want to linger on the front page.
 
@Qmechanic how does protection help with that?
 
does not allow new users to answer? most new users somehow will have 10 reps
 
@EmilioPisanty : Fewer answers.
 
@YashasSamaga You're fine. There's an annoying thing where an automatic block on flagging can kick in for relatively few declined flags, but generally, when in doubt, flag.
 
@Qmechanic I'm not sure it'll be effective at all, unless there is some specific risk of new/outside users answering.
 
1:33 PM
@EmilioPisanty : Well, maybe you are right. Anyway, basic questions seem to be more prone to new/outside users.
 
@Qmechanic No, I get what you're trying to do, it just doesn't square with what I normally think protection is for
 
@physics people. I'm pretty bad at physics. If magnetic field lines have to close, how do uniform magnetic fields work?
 
Can anybody explain me in this , that if I have done it correct or wrong
 
what David Z and dmckee discussed with me last year of a classical unreproducible real event (assuming the fluke is really not a fluke of course):
Also, there's a semi-famous experiment to look for magnetic monopoles that saw one signal of exactly the type they would've expected for a monopole within the first few hours of operation. And then never saw anything like it again. It was almost certainly a glitch, but it's kind of amusing to imagine that they really did see the one monopole in the Local Group right when they first turned their detector on... — Chad Orzel Nov 29 '10 at 0:40
 
@0celo7 There's a region where it's not uniform outside the uniform region.
 
1:40 PM
@ACuriousMind in experiment, sure
What about the ideal model
 
Well, theoretically, a uniform field doesn't have a source or sink either, so it's fine
 
it just go forever to infinity, and that does not need sources nor sink
 
@0celo7 they close "at infinity"
 
@0celo7 or in other words you can zoom in too much into a non uniform magnetic field
 
if you don't like that, that's what you get for pretending your experimental apparatus is infinitely big
=P
 
1:48 PM
@EmilioPisanty why does that mean?
 
@0celo7 doesn't mean anything =P, but people still say it
The real physics at work is the magnetic Gauss law, $\nabla\cdot\mathbf B=0$
 
@ocelo7 one of my answer explains why the magnetic Gauss law has a zero on the right hand side
I have provided a link somewhere above
If you know electrostatics, you can master magnetism in 10 minutes.
2
A: What do we mean with magnetic monopole and dipole?

Yashas Samaga What do we mean with magnetic monopole and dipole? I can not find a way to relate magnetic monopoles and dipoles with electric ones. I do not understand their outcomes. Luckily, there exists a truly amazing one-to-one correspondence between magnetism and electricity. Monopole in magneti...

because the equations are quite similar
it assumes that monopoles exist, explains how they "might" work then shows that they are consistent with the magnetic dipole framework
 
Also, regarding the relationship between field lines and the Gauss law:
13
Q: Why does the density of electric field lines make sense, if there is a field line through every point?

odgWhen we're dealing with problems in electrostatics (especially when we use Gauss' law) we often refer to the density of electric field lines, which is inversely proportional to the radius in the case of a single point charge (all field lines are directed radially). My question may sound dumb, d...

 
@EmilioPisanty I meant what, not why
 
@0celo7 so I imagined
 
1:53 PM
But that's a very physicsy thing to say
 
@0celo7 that's a red flag that you shouldn't necessarily take it literally
 
obe
hey
 
@ACuriousMind After some meditation, I have concluded that the usual 1 = integral X eigenkets is nonsense
And the only reason physicists use it is because of Dirac notation
 
Actually, is it possible that monopoles are so diluted in the universe that we can only hope to amass enough data to claim a discovery only many centuries later?
 
It'd be awesome if someone finds a monopole.
 
2:01 PM
@ACuriousMind Because what other use does it have than $\langle\phi|\psi\rangle=\int\phi^*\psi \,dx$?
but that's the definition of $\langle\cdot|\cdot\rangle$
 
Yes, you can stop thinking about position eigenkets and that particular resolution of the identity if you stop using position eigenkets altogether and work with $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ directly.
 
oooooooh, this is a nice LaTeX template
 
@ACuriousMind what else are you gonna work with?
Use Stone-von Neumann to rotate to $L^2$
 
@0celo7 The physicists using Dirac notation usually have this notion of the state space itself being "abstract" - they don't want to commit to the position representation a priori. However, you are right that once one has Stone-von Neumann choosing $L^2$ is natural.
Alas, no one shows Stone-von Neumann :P
 
2:29 PM
For some reason in non-relativistic QFT, people mostly use braket notation when angular momentum is involved
since it's a quicker proof with abstract Hilbert space than with spherical harmonics
Also the SHO
Because people don't know L'hermite polynomials
Basically anytime a special function is involved, people switch to brakets
 
@ACuriousMind It's in Hall's book...
 
2:50 PM
0
A: Heat flux over a surface

Yashas Samaga The source of the radiation is above O. Construct 3 more squares which are identical to $OBCD$ as shown in the diagram. Similarly, construct 6 big squares to form a cube. The source of radiation is at the center of the cube, right above O. So each face of the cube would get $\frac{1}{6}$ of...

my cube lol
 
One thing that annoys me about Jost is that he introduces notations he doesn't define
I can guess but who knows
How does he define $\lim_{x \to a, x < a}$
Do we only consider sequences with members $<a$?
 
Yes
It's the left limit
@BalarkaSen I have the GMT book
@ACuriousMind @Slereah I need some good energy for this circuits test
@obe
 
3:07 PM
Tylenol
 
3:24 PM
@0celo7 Neat
 
3:51 PM
@ACuriousMind @BalarkaSen "Geometric measure theory could be described as differential geometry, generalized through measure theory to deal with maps and surfaces that are not smooth, ..."
So why doesn't it show up in your strange manifolds
 
Maybe it does, but I already told you I don't care about measures
 
I think you need some measure theory for GR causal structure?
The time function in GR is a measure, IIRC
 
Geroch's theorem uses a Borel measure
Nothing fancy
 
more like boring measure
It is a measure of HOW MUCH SPACETIME DO YOU HAVE
Is it
a lot of spacetime
Or a little spacetime
 
3:57 PM
it's actually a probability measure, if I recall correctly
i.e. $\mu(\mathscr M)=1$
 
Well probability measures are measures
 
Measure theory can be done on manifolds, I believe, @0celo7
 
0
A: Does law of inertia has anything to do with speed of light?

Yashas SamagaThe rest mass of photons is zero. Hence, they do not have any inertia. Asking how do you accelerate a photon is a meaningless question. The photons must travel at the speed of light. It is a fact.

And their momentum is due to kinetic energy provided to them by source
 
I would like 1 spacetime, please
 
is that statement accurate or correct?
 
3:58 PM
1 spacetime worth of spacetime
 
Kinetic energy of photons, it is interesting...
 
@BalarkaSen measure theory can be done on any set :P
 
what about on a category
 
That's not the point.
 
Can u measure a category
 
3:59 PM
@BalarkaSen Then I don't know what the point is
if you're talking about making the volume form into a measure, yes
there are ways of doing that
 
@0celo7 You want to do measure theory on a manifold as a set? Forgetting the smooth structure, hell, the manifold structure?
That's boring and nobody would care
 
@BalarkaSen I am very familiar with the natural measure on a Riemannian manifold
I am writing a survey on Sobolev spaces and elliptic regularity on Riemannian manifolds
 
@0celo7 : is the secret...
...partition of unity?
 
dammit, you discovered my secret!
 
It is always partition of unity
 
4:01 PM
The point is still not that. Riemannian metric gives a measure, but a measure on a manifold is a much weaker concept than a Riemannian metric.
 
@YashasSamaga Well, photons do have energy according to $E=pc$, I guess that's what the answer is trying to say
 
Yea but he said kinetic energy...
I feel weird though
 
Energy is a lie
 
Well, I'm not sure it's useful to call that kinetic energy, but I don't see why it would be wrong either. The partitioning of energy into different "kinds" is arbitrary anyway
 
@BalarkaSen This book is citing Federer on page 3. I think I'll be getting it.
 
4:03 PM
have fun with that
 
@BalarkaSen What kind of measure do you want to put on the manifold?
 
@0celo7 He recently beat Nadal again
 
@BernardoMeurer ???
 
Hi everybody.
 
4:05 PM
Wrong Federer.
 
One that would be, in some sense, compatible with the smooth structure. Eg, that gives the standard measure on each chart and doesn't change if you switch charts
 
@BalarkaSen You'd need a density on the manifold to do that.
 
But I don't actually know much about the story in manifolds.
 
You need to counteract the Jacobian that pops up in the transformation formula.
 
@0celo7 I have heard the word, but I dunno what that means
 
4:07 PM
@BalarkaSen Basically a scalar that gives a factor of the inverse Jacobian when you compose with a diffeomorphism
Like $\sqrt{\det g}$, the determinant of the metric.
@BalarkaSen I have another test in 8 minutes
I can explain later
 
So it's some sort of a form?
Ok, sure.
 
4:55 PM
Hi! In our high school physics lesson today, we looked at how the pressure differentials which happen when a jet plane travels at the speed of sound (in air at 20 degrees) can distort (at least) visible light. So, I was wondering whether this can also distort radio waves, and also whether people ever use pressurised chambers as lenses (the distortion was compared to a a lens)
 
Hmm, I guess the length of radiowaves will make the effect minimal
Dunno
 
@Restioson This might be related en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowgraph
Shadowgraph is an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media like air, water, or glass. It is related to, but simpler than, the schlieren and schlieren photography methods that perform a similar function. Shadowgraph is a type of flow visualisation. In principle, we cannot directly see a difference in temperature, a different gas, or a shock wave in the transparent air. However, all these disturbances refract light rays, so they can cast shadows. The plume of hot air rising from a fire, for example, can be seen by way of its shadow cast upon a nearby surface by the uniform...
 
@BalarkaSen Still here?
 
And yeah, if the phenomenon occurs with normal visible light then it should also happen with radio waves
@Restioson
 
@JohnDuffield Wow, 234 days left.
Can't wait!
@BalarkaSen You can always write an $n$-form as $f\, dx^1\wedge\cdots\wedge dx^n$. That $f$ out front is a "scalar density."
The point is that when you transform coordinates, the coordinate representation of $f$ gives a factor of the (inverse) Jacobian
Thus, given such an $f$, and a partition of unity $\phi_i$, you can define a measure on $M$ by $$dv=\sum_i f(x)\phi_i(x)\, dx$$ in the sense of (measure-theoretic) densities, where $dx$ is the Lebesgue measure in the chart.
By "measure theoretic densities," I mean that the measure $v$ is defined by integration with respect to $dv$.
The $\sigma$-algebra you get contains the Borel sets and is complete.
 
5:07 PM
Ah, I see. That makes sense.
 
@BalarkaSen Since $\sqrt {g} \,dx^1\wedge\cdots\wedge dx^n$ gives a "natural" density on a Riemannian manifold, that's the way we usually integrate/do measure theory.
 
Right.
 
@BalarkaSen You also need $f$ to be nonnegative for $v$ to be a measure, of course.
And Lebesgue-measurable in each chart.
 
is there a specific unit of spacetime volume, I wonder
A unit for $m^3 s$
Let's call it a... hilbert?
I dunno
 
Where did you get that from?
 
5:13 PM
Who introduced spacetime volumes
I am inventing it
 
@JohnRennie you may also find that amusing.
 
And what about using pressurised chambers as a lenses?
 
@Restioson Anything that produces a refractive index change will refract light, so you could use a pressure vessel as a lens. Compressing the air will increase the refractive index. I guess the question is why would you?
 
Why not
you could dynamically change the amount of refraction
 
It's probably not the most efficient lens
Are there fluids where the refractive index varies wildly with pressure?
 
5:18 PM
oh
And what of air?
 
Let's find out
 
@Restioson Your eye does a pretty good job of that already by changing the shape of the lens ...
 
but could you have a canister of air/gas and fill/empty a chamber to allow varied amounts of refraction
 
@Restioson yes you could. I don't know of any cases where this is done, so that suggests that while possible it isn't very useful.
 
5:21 PM
"should increase by about 0.01% for an increase in pressure of 0.5 atm"
Apparently the formula is $(n^2 - 1) / (n^2 + 2) \propto \rho$
 
@EmilioPisanty re your question about twisted magnetic fields, isn't that basically what a stellerator does?
 
@JohnRennie Balls!
 
Not now, I have to go out drinking shortly.
 
you're going to be forever ignorant of them!
 
I will survive the experience.
 
5:33 PM
@JohnRennie You don't know that
If you drop dead because of the balls, you won't know it
 
Well I suppose I won't survive it, or at least not indefinitely. But right now my focus is on surviving the impending birthday celebrations.
 
happy birthday?
 
Thanks. I was 56 yesterday.
But deferred the celebrations till tonight on the grounds that checking servers with a hangover isn't much fun :-)
 
@JohnRennie Does that mean you're 57 today or you turned 56 yesterday?
 
do u remember the moon landing
 
5:39 PM
Yes, I stayed up to watch it. I was 8 I think.
@0celo7 My birthday was yesterday so I'm now $56\frac{1}{365}$
 
@JohnRennie If you think mixed fractions are an acceptable form of enumeration, then you might not be cut out for balls.
@JohnRennie that's insane
 
Mixed fractions are the cancer of maths
 
what is an old person doing on an internet forum?
 
@JohnRennie Happy birthday man, may many more years come your way :)
 
@BernardoMeurer hello
 
5:42 PM
@0celo7 Darkness my old friend
 
I liked $9\frac{1}{2}$ weeks and that's a mixed fraction
 
@BernardoMeurer I heard a good Yachty song the other day
 
@0celo7 Impossible
 
Yachty starts two mins in @BernardoMeurer
 
Me no likey
 
5:46 PM
What's wrong with it?
It's 3E8 times better than Minnesota
 
Me farting is $10\uparrow\uparrow 10$ times better than Minnesota
 
Listening to it right now
It's such a strange song
 
Lil Uzi is so small
 
Uzi is pretty tiny
QUAVO
gotta shout that when he comes on
Lil Wayne is small too
 
Fucking hate quavo
 
5:51 PM
that's inappropriate
 
The meme Lagrangian
 
memes?
what is $A\cdot F$ supposed to be?
 
"As fuck"
 
OH
 
u may notice that it spells "Dank AF"
 
5:55 PM
yes
 
Oh no
It's retarded
 
I should really stoop messing with my drivers
 
@JohnRennie I imagine it does, though already from a tokamak it should be possible
Mostly, I would like a distinct example of a field consistent with Maxwell's equations with a proper proof that the field lines are dense on a surface
 
@EmilioPisanty It take it the usual dense curves on torus example fails to solve the Maxwell equations?
 

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