@DavidKessner another trick you have to watch for it endoscopes, the FDA flags those, so if you're sending those across borders they have to have the right paper work, so you call them "borescopes" and all is fine.
As silly as it all is, the results are very draconian. There is a researcher who had some eqt in his lab, his Chinese grad student was in the same lab space, likely never even got near the eqt. the state dept. threw him in jail. Another Prof idiotically travelled to China with documents in hs laptop. They were never accessed when he was in PRC and when he landed back state side he got into deep doo doo.
@rawbrawb A coworker of mine was flying to Wash DC to do some work with the Dept. of Homeland Security. At the time, the U.S. Senate was changing the way they do ID badges. His badge had expired, but the new system was not in place to give him a new badge. The senate was honoring the expired badges during this time....
Anyway, the TSA did a random search of his checked-in luggage and found the blueprints to the Homeland Security office and an expired Senate ID Badge. Many panicked phone calls ensued!
@AnindoGhosh While he was in the air, his boss got a call from the U.S. Senate. That's not ever a good call to get. But in the end it was all fine. His mistake was that he should have never had the blueprints and the badge in his checked in luggage-- it should not have been outside of his possession.
Also, the item I see about 40 MHz MCUs only applies if they're "manufactured from a compound semiconductor", which applies to approximately none of the MCUs I've ever seen.
@W5VO I used to design stuff that I was banned from talking about with one of my coworkers, because that would be considered exporting the technology.
@AnindoGhosh The 2C64A is a 64-Macrocell CPLD, not an FPGA. For what it does, it is a good part. But don't expect to do lots of cool things with it, since there are only 64 flip flops in there.
@ThePhoton Also, the relevance is low since we source stuff from outside the USA anyway, due to US manufacturer pricing.
a. “Microprocessor microcircuits”, “microcomputer microcircuits”, and microcontroller microcircuits having any of the following: a.1. A performance speed of 5 GFLOPS or more and an arithmetic logic unit with an access width of 32 bit or more; a.2. A clock frequency rate exceeding 25 MHz; or a.3. More than one data or instruction bus or serial communication port that provides a direct external interconnection between parallel “microprocessor microcircuits” with a transfer rate of 2.5 Mbyte/s.
@AnindoGhosh If the technology originates in the USA (like an i7 processor), everyone along the way should have signed a contract not to re-export it against US regulations. And it applies to the technology itself, not just the physical goods.
So if you got an i7 legally, it means India isn't on the list of countries where it's not allowed to export that technology, or Intel got a special license to send those parts to Indai, both of which are possible.
@ThePhoton That seems most likely. India isn't on the "send them back to the paleolithic" list, I would hazard.
@ThePhoton Intel makes a lot of noise at seminars about how their design and dev for the latest CPUs is done in Bangalore, India. Interesting quandary.
You go look up those 2-letter codes at the very beginning of the document (another chapter not included in your PDF). It will tell you which countries are on the black-list for each of the 2-letter codes.
@AnindoGhosh India comes and goes from the "we don't want them to <strike>have</strike> improve their nuclear weapons" list.
@DavidKessner Outside my fooling-around budget for the moment. How about ebay.com/itm/… ?
@ThePhoton Funny, that.
Actually, @DavidKessner I think I'll stay away from the FPGAs till my current project is delivered. Then I'll have spare time and spare funds. Thanks for looking though.
@AnindoGhosh Might be OK, but I'm not as familiar with that chip. Keep in mind that with any of these things you need a way to program the part (and/or Flash). Some boards might have a USB interface, but others like this one might require something else. Factor that into your budget.
@AnindoGhosh I'm not entirely sure. I thought you needed an external osc. once you set the fuses for an external oscillator, but it is also pretty forgiving when changing frequency between 1MHz..2..8..16MHz RC-osc.
I'm not really prepared right now to test and pull out the HV programmer sketch and related stuff.
@jippie generally the clock drivers just need to be set for the right range. like the HS setting in a PIC will handle anything above 1MHz, it just has to have the correct higher current driver on.
@angelatlarge to my knowledge HV programming is just like LVP but you have access to changing more things, it is not really more complicated. Actually, I consider it less complicated, you can always change everything.
@jippie I couldn't figure out from glancing at the site/datasheet what method that programmer for actually programming the chips. Do you have one of these?
I have an ATtiny45 running at 2MHz RC and it outputs a 994Hz square wave, a simple program. Next step is to program it to use an external 1.8432MHz oscillator and it should still output little under 1kHz.
then I detach the oscillator and I try to reprogram it
@Kortuk I usually have enough crystals on hand that I've never needed to unbrick. Yet. And I've never set the SPIEN fuse to 0. Yet.
@Kortuk I don't have a good understanding of the relationship between licking discomfort and V/I ratings. Maybe I should post this as a question. Intuitively, I think of V-rating as correlating with licking pain.
@Kortuk One time I tasted a beautiful vintage 400V 150mA adjustable supply. It had a nice pop with a general mouth feel of lightly cooked meat and copper. The nose on the supply was an exotic warm dusty phenolic with hints of overheated carbon composition resistors. I would rate it 97/100
Yes! When you configure the fuses to make the controller run from an external clock, you also need that external clock for reprogramming.
I didn't test this with an ATmega, but rather with an ATtiny45, but both AVR's are very similar in these aspects.
This is what I did:
I wrote a small progr...
@jippie Is that for that particular programmer, or for any programming method? I knew that you needed the external crystal for ISP programming if that's how your fuses are set, but I wasn't sure about other programming methods.
@DavidKessner I've tried some recent supplies with 4kV outputs, and I'm just not a fan of strong ozone power supplies. I much prefer the smokey supplies, but that taste isn't for everyone.
@jippie I started writing up an answer, but then realized that my answer was ISP-specific, and I really couldn't figure out how his programmer worked: ISP? JTAG? HVSP?
@jippie So I deleted my answer. For ISP you are entirely right though.
@angelatlarge His programmer is technically able to generate high voltages, it says so in the manual. But what it does for this MCU is another question entirely.
@jippie Following your lead, I undeleted my answer :) Yours is more complete though.
@jippie I suspect that his programmer can do more than ISP simply based on the fact that there is a ZIF socket. I think JTAG programming would need your chip to be clocked, right?
// AVR High-voltage Serial Programmer // Originally created by Paul Willoughby 03/20/2010 // http://www.rickety.us/2010/03/arduino-avr-high-voltage-serial-programmer/ // Inspired by Jeff Keyzer http://mightyohm.com // Serial Programming routines from ATtiny25/45/85 datasheet
So, apparantly this is a common error, which many people have fixed many different ways, none of which have worked for me.
I have two different Arduinos - an NG and an Uno, with an Atmega168 and 328 respectively. Both of these have the bootloader burnt onto them. I'm looking to burn the Arduino...
I spent some time on chat with cpf yesterday, but didn't get anywhere: we tried the cap/resistor across the reset line thing, though it looks like cpf is not doing that consistently, from the pictures cpf posted.
@angelatlarge 'then chip will need the external crystal/resonator to run at all, there is not fallback option such as "Oh, no external crystal? I'll just use the internal resonator")'
Funny to see that the XTAL-IN overrides the internal RC-oscillator even when the RC osc is selected :)
@angelatlarge I don't see a resistor nor capacitor on the reset line either.
@angelatlarge I was gonna reply to your "hello" the other day with an Hola, then I thought, if his name is really Angel he might challenge me to follow up with more Spanish...
Does anyone know of specific AVR chips that do not support ISP programming?
The BFG 10k^H^H^H^H^H err... Wellon VP-290 has a supported device list (but not much else in the way of docs). If no non-ISP chips are there we can surmise (maybe) that it is an ISP-only programmer.
My programmer reports:
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
avrdude: Expected signature for ATtiny13 is 1E 90 07
The -F flag to force programming does not override the ID in this case.
I know I can reset the ID with a high voltage programmer, but why did is the device wrongly reporting its I...
@jippie I always vote on questions that I think are likely to be searched for by learners. I also sometimes vote on answers that I respect for reaching the beginner level and yet not being condescending. Plus I vote for you, don't I? You, Phil Frost, ThePhoton frequently get my votes.
@jippie Isn't ICSP the official AVR term for it, rather than ISP?
@angelatlarge Tough call - I wouldn't buy it without documentation, since there are enough programmers for AVR which are well-documented, spanning ICSP, JTAG and everything else.
@angelatlarge Was there some MCU I read about, that only comes pre-programmed from the factory with code provided as part of the purchase order? It has RAM but no flash. I wish I could confirm that this isn't my imagination.
@jippie I'd have to think it through all the way: I don't full understand how PC->ArduinoISP reset line is used relative to what is happening on ArduinoISP->TargetChip end. And I am feeling a bit intellectually lazy right now.
@AnindoGhosh You mean the "program" is permanently burned on there? Like an ASIC?
@angelatlarge It is a bit like a RISC architecture (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): By making the architecture more simple by reducing the number of instructions, you can make the CPU as a whole faster. This means that if you continue doing that, you create processor that can infinitely fast do absolutely nothing.
@angelatlarge Important point to note here: TDoes the OP say they have that precise programmer, or that they have something like that one? The latter could simply mean they don't know the difference between various programmers, so long as they have a socket on them.
@AnindoGhosh Ah true! I am still a n00b in the skill of translating from what OP said to what actually might be the case in the real world. Good point. Let's see...
@jippie I think if your "Why does my ATtiny13 report wrong device ID?" had something in the question about what programmer setup you are using, that might be helpful. But I don't want to try to edit it because I don't know.
@jippie My offer of asking "How do you build a HV programmer out of an Arduino" still stands :) It'll be like shooting fish in a bucket :)
This question, I think, the OP needs some fundamental hand-holding, he seems to be well-meaning enough, rather than one of those gimme da codez types. I need to get offline now, else I would've.
I need to connect a relay to my old truck to turn on the "soon to add" electric fans.
The ECM has an engine coolant temperature sensor that uses the output resistance to determine coolant temperature.
From the service manual, I have this data:
If you can not see the pic above:
__Condition__...
Yes, I've been shopping around in various (upvoted) answers, but how about a ...
CHEAT SHEET
To use a formula like \$\frac{Math}{Jax}\$ inline with the text of an answer, surround it with \$, like this:
\$\frac{Math}{Jax}\$
To create a formula centered $$\frac{Math}{Jax}$$ within the article...
If you don't need a lot of precision in your circuit, you can build a simple voltage divider as follows
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
If you calculate the values in such as way that the voltage at output reaches the relay threshhold voltage, then when R1 get l...
@angelatlarge another Latex tip is that you can use \large and \huge and other "size words" to tweak the size of text for a relative effect. there are a few examples on Meta where an absolute font size is given
I'm not sure this is mathematically valid: For example, a 1Hz crystal with 1% jitter would give you 1 sec +/- 1% ticks. A 1kHz clock with 1% jitter going through three divide by 10 chips will give you 1 sec +/- 0.001 % ticks.
@jippie I saw it with a Deutsch accent that way also
Generally @angelatlarge @AnindoGhosh @jippie crystals specify in PPM, which in that case your error goes down for the same PPM with a different crystal, I just think they used the wrong units.
@AnindoGhosh @AnindoGhosh -- I tried to give the explanation in a comment. Take a peek @ fig 6 in silabs.com/Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/… and look how the phase noise goes down. Same phenomenon. The table that follows shows that the jitter expresses as time, not %, stays largely the same as division takes place, meaning that the % jitter goes down (same numerator, larger denominator).
@ScottSeidman Are you saying that at any particular point the error will be a single "tick", and it is better to be off by a small tick than a large tick?
@angelatlarge @angelatlarge, no. To me it looks like folks are interpreting what I call "jitter" to be the frequency tolerance. It's not. Frequency tolerance speaks to what the measured frequency actually is with respect to the labelled frequency. Jitter refers to how much the period can vary, given the actual frequency, on any given cycle.
@ScottSeidman I was confused by this as well, that's why I am asking. I think what you are saying is that even though each cycle can be +/- (say) 1%, it is extremely unlikely that on average this +1/-1% doesn't accumulate, because you are equally likely to have +1 cycles as -1 cycles. Did I understand you correctly?
@angelatlarge Jitter is "random variation of a timing instant from the ideal value", and it normally has very high frequency. If there's a slowly varying timing error, it's often called "wander" instead of "jitter". If there's an error in frequency that varies slowly enought to accumulate in a many-times-divided-down clock, I'd call it "drift" instead of jitter.
Of course you can always find somebody to call your problem "jitter" no matter what the problem actually is.
It's actually one of my big complaints. A lot of engineers here seem to think that anything that happens below 1 GHz is not worth their attention. We get some pretty crappy designs as a result.
Yes! When you configure the fuses to make the controller run from an external clock, you also need that external clock for reprogramming.
I didn't test this with an ATmega, but rather with an ATtiny45, but both AVR's are very similar in these aspects.
This is what I did:
I wrote a small progr...
So, apparantly this is a common error, which many people have fixed many different ways, none of which have worked for me.
I have two different Arduinos - an NG and an Uno, with an Atmega168 and 328 respectively. Both of these have the bootloader burnt onto them. I'm looking to burn the Arduino...
I need to connect a relay to my old truck to turn on the "soon to add" electric fans.
The ECM has an engine coolant temperature sensor that uses the output resistance to determine coolant temperature.
From the service manual, I have this data:
If you can not see the pic above:
__Condition__...
If you don't need a lot of precision in your circuit, you can build a simple voltage divider as follows
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
If you calculate the values in such as way that the voltage at output reaches the relay threshhold voltage, then when R1 get l...
