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5:02 PM
@KannappanSampath Yes.
 
@JonasTeuwen I am trying to review the criterion for Darboux's integrability criterion.
 
That's equivalent with the Riemann integral?
What is the criterion?
 
So, We say that $f$ is Darboux integrable if to each $\varepsilon >0$, there exists a partition $P$ such that $|U(P,f)-L(P,f)| \lt \varepsilon$.
 
Yes.
 
@JonasTeuwen Yes, they are equivalent. And, I am doing this with $\alpha(x)=x$
 
5:06 PM
Fine. So you want to take a particular function? That thing is certainly integrable on say $[0, 1]$ because it is continuous there.
So it suffices to compute the upper sum and compute the infimum over all partitions.
 
Now, say the mesh (norm) of the partition $P$ is $\delta$. (i.e.) $\|P\|=\delta$.
@JonasTeuwen No, I meant to say, I am not doing integral in full generality, like $\int f \rm d \alpha$.
 
So, you have $U(f, P) = \sum_{i = 1}^n (x_{i + 1} - x_i) x_{i + 1}$.
Oh.
I thought you wanted to compute it 8-).
 
: (
Sorry, I should have written it clearly.
 
Oh... you take the measure to be that.
Okay, good.
 
Now, the actual question, will the inequality with $\varepsilon$ hold for any partition $\hat{P}$ such that $\|\hat{P}\| \lt \delta_1$ where $\delta_1 \lt \delta$?
Am I clear? @Jonas
 
5:10 PM
Hmm, but the partition is not finer than the other?
See, if you just add points to your partition it will surely hold.
But I think you can mess them up a bit to get it larger...
 
Hmm. I don't understand what your last line means?
@JonasTeuwen I am not assuming anything, only norm is reduced.
 
I don't think that works.
But I can't give you an example off-hand.
 
OK. I'll try it out and let you know in this case.
@JonasTeuwen What do you mean here?
 
I'd take some ugly function and then try to mess things up.
Good :-).
Well, if your partition is finer, then it will be okay.
 
Cheers : )
 
5:13 PM
But if one is not a subset of the other or the other way around I think it fails, but that's just my intuition.
@MattN Cheers.
 
: )
 
I'll surely check it out. Since I have a quiz, it is good to know some plain implications of the definition.
@MattN Cheers. : )
 
@KannappanSampath My first attempt would be to find a counter example. If that fails, you might get some ideas how to prove that it works.
 
@JonasTeuwen I agree. I'll come back later. : )
Thank you for the help. : )
 
Good luck. I'll find some dinner :-).
 
5:16 PM
Is it just me or is MathJAX not working on the chatroom?
 
I think they forgot to put the alcohol in my cider.
*)into
Ok, maybe they didn't : )
Hello again : )
 
@Kannappan: Sorry, I had to leave because my internet connection started acting up; it first became painfully slow and then dropped dead altogether.
Thanks for the link anon
I wonder if there is a closed-form answer.
 
5:31 PM
Hi everybody
 
Hi Daniil : )
 
@Kannappan: The exercise from Artin is this (minus a few hints): Compute the class equation of $SL_2(F_p)$.
 
Damn, I think I've failed my statistics exam. Well, not failed completely, but definitely could have done better.
 
hi tb.
 
Hi Srivatsan!
Hi everyone
 
5:34 PM
@Daniil Oh noes : (
 
tb: You and Matt look alike now. What's up with this attire? :)
 
Hello Teddy : )
 
hi Daniil
 
@Srivatsan ?
 
Hi, Matt
@Srivatsan what Matt said: ?
 
5:35 PM
@MattN I meant the gravatar.
 
Srivatsan, you might want to see an optrician.
 
Guess that must be your internet connection.
 
Can I see a screenshot?
 
@MattN What tb said. The page just loaded completely, it seems :)
 
: )
 
5:36 PM
Hm, that was rather embarrassing. :/
 
Not at all.
Holy cows. I spent hours and hours on my additive combinatorics presentation and I've just about managed to write half of it. Now I have 6 days left to finish it.
If there is such a thing as idiosyncratic notation then Tao does it right.
 
@MattN Ah, seems interesting. What are you presenting in addi(c)tive-combinatorics?
 
@Srivatsan Fourier analytic methods : )
I'm so grateful he let me do this.
 
addictive futile attempts. Hm. :)
 
@MattN he?
 
5:39 PM
A PhD of Tao's. Probably hence the choice of book.
 
Can you give an example of his idiosyncratic notation?
 
Use $Z$ to denote a group and $\textbf{Z}$ to denote the integers. Almost looks the same.
 
Can someone help me understand a bit of notation?
We are just starting to study Galois Theory, and in Dummit & Foote, they denote $\text{Aut}(K)$ as the collection of automorphisms of a field $K$. But they also denote the collection of automorphisms of $K$ which $\textit{fix}$ $F$ as $\text{Aut}(K/F)$ where $K/F$ is an extension of fields. This seems like the same notation $\text{Aut}$ for two different things...
 
Then to denote $ \hat{f} $, the fourier transform he uses $\textbf{E} f e(x \cdot \xi)$.
I guess one could argue that it makes perfect sense and is not idiosyncratic at all but I hate it.
Probably because I'm too undergrad and not clever enough for his book.
 
What is wrong with the formula for the fourier transform?
 
5:44 PM
Why replace $\sum$ with $\textbf{E}$?
But the worst thing about the book is that he uses things he doesn't properly define.
</rant>
It's not that bad : )
 
@DavidK: You seem to understand the notation well. Where's your issue?
 
@anon Well, $\text{Aut}(K)$ denotes the collection of all automorphisms, whereas $\text{Aut}(K/F)$ denotes a particular kind of automorphism. Does this mean that we're not concerned with the collection of all automorphisms of $K/F$? Or are all the automorphisms of $K/F$, in fact automorphisms of $K$ that $\textit{fix}$ $F$?
 
Oh, wow. A new high profile guy contributing :)
@DavidK well, what does $K/F$ even mean?
 
@MattN Well, it's quite "usual" to define it this way.
 
"Aged mathematician" : )
@tb Some fields such that $F \subset K$ probably.
 
5:51 PM
@tb That just refers to an arbitrary field extension.
 
@anon, you have mentioned that you did not receive formal mathematical education IIRC. How did you manage to gain the information you currently posses?
 
internet + brain
 
@tb I have a new film pick ready for you, btw : ) It won't run away. Just so you know.
 
@DavidK sure, but what would "all automorphisms of $K/F$" be?
(as opposed to those of $K$ that fix $F$?)
@MattN great! Thanks! :)
 
Did you watch Aviator and road to perdition?
 
5:56 PM
Yes, but not recently.
So, probably no :)
 
?
 
Perhaps tb is concerned that you will quiz him on those movies... =)
 
Well, if you were referring to my mentioning recently that I was going to watch them then the answer would be no. But I saw them some time ago.
 
I see : ) Didn't know you had already seen them and were planning to watch them again.
 
Why are there assholes on MSE that downvote answers that got a bounty? 8-).
Watman?
 
6:00 PM
Deep Purple.
 
I like Sam Mendes, and I found out that Leo has more to offer than Romeo and Juliet and Titanic...
 
I have not come across a film with Leo in it that I enjoyed. (At least not as far as I remember : ))
 
@tb Well "all automorphisms of $K/F$" would just be a subcollection of $\text{Aut}(K)$. But I intuitively think of the collection of automorphisms of $K$ which fix $F$, as a subcollection of all automorphisms of $K/F$.
 
Yes. That was a nap.
 
@AsafKaragila I gather your Braveheart pin refers to your having handed in your Whitehead thing?
 
6:03 PM
Indeed.
 
Great!
 
@anon did you follow any specific program? How did you know what to study?
 
Heh, I made Iyengar delete his question.
 
@Daniil: When you read something that involves mathematical background you don't have, you need to make a judgment call: ignore it and move on (this can be done oftentimes), or pause there and learn about other math first, then come back when you have the necessary background. Do this enough and you make headway. My 'program' was and is just exploring whatever interests me.
 
6:08 PM
Hm, do you just browse wikipedia or you follow specific textbooks?
 
(After awhile, though, making headway in the depth you want for a particular subject requires you to obtain a sufficient appreciation of everything from category theory to general topology.)
At first I just read Wikipedia and Mathworld and filled in the blanks on my own. Now I have a good collection of books to read on my laptop and flash drives.
 
@tb any example of a better-than-Titanic DiCaprio?
 
@Srivatsan Inception
 
The Departed.
 
I see, thanks anon
 
6:13 PM
Oh. Haven't seen the departed. But inception I thought was only marginally better than Titanic...
 
hhh
@anon Translated now here.
 
@Srivatsan anyone that isn't Titanic :) More seriously I found him amazing in Revolutionary Road but that's probably because I was just discovering Richard Yates around the time that movie came out.
 
From my limited knowledge of biochemistry, DNA sequences are made of four intervals. How is the number of possibilities infinity?
'Ello, BTW.
 
@hhh: Does "nears the surface" mean tangent to it?
 
@anon Hm. I did not like Inception that very much (I found the plot convoluted), but Departed is better. In fact, I liked the Japanese version as much (or more).
 
6:15 PM
@Gigili The actual definition of infinity is "more than three".
 
hhh
@anon It means that the surface and plane meets only in one point. Unfortunately, the language is not one of the clearest here. Also, the akselilla is a misleading...I thought it meant initially just $z\gt 0$ but that was corrected by Petersen and I think he is more correct here.
 
@Gigili: Where are you getting "the number of possibilities is infinite" from?
@hhh: Locally, anyway. Yes, that's what the word tangent means. :-)
 
@Srivatsan So when are you coming back from the dead (read: India)?
 
@Gigili You can count it. Iirc, proteins are encoded in 4 bases.
Now all you need to know is the possibilities they can dock into each other.
Iirc, not all four can map to all four.
 
@tb You know what that means, right?
 
6:18 PM
@JonasTeuwen Yeah, us mean people are like that. :-)
 
I can take a day or two to write out the details of the Bananach spaces.
 
DNA profiling (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person's DNA makeup, which can also be used as the person's identifier. DNA profiling should not be confused with full genome sequencing. It is used in, for example, parental testing and criminal investigation. Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different to distinguish o...
 
Not very subtle :).
Anyway, some more time.
 
@AsafKaragila Banana-nach spaces. They have a certain ap-peel.
 
@AsafKaragila free indulging in Garnir's dream spaces and other set-theoretic obscenities.
 
6:19 PM
> Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different to distinguish one individual from another
 
(Obviously, I will tell you guys when I am going back.)
 
Um, that doesn't work.
 
@Srivatsan would that be going back, or coming back? :-)
 
@Gigili I think that's at a higher level than the proteins I mentioned : )
 
hhh
6:20 PM
@AsafKaragila openbsd.org/images/tshirt-7b.jpg for which you need to fight for :P
 
I am meeting with my advisor later this week before he goes to the USA for a couple of weeks for the holidays. Then we'll sketch out the details of the thesis and I'll start writing it.
 
@Gigili Even Ilya and me?
 
infinite/infinity/bound/limit is not anywhere in that dna article
 
@robjohn Even that.
 
@AsafKaragila that sounds great, have fun!
 
6:20 PM
@hhh I never need to fight for my right to freedom. It is a given since I am so lazy, that I am free.
 
@hhh for which you need to fight
 
@tb I'll keep you posted.
 
@MattN No two DNA profiles are the same, so they are as many as the world population.
 
@robjohn ...for
 
Oh, 'Ello Gigili, almost didn't recognize you.
 
6:21 PM
How is that possible.
 
That's not possible since the thing is finite.
 
@AsafKaragila yes, please :)
 
@AsafKaragila No!!!
 
But it's probably close enough.
 
@robjohn ...for :))
 
6:22 PM
'Ello @tb. Umm, I thought I was recognizable. =|
 
Many more possibilites than humans. : )
 
@robjohn You're just being mean... ;-)
 
Right, it should be something like that.
 
hhh
@robjohn err yes right.
 
So does that answer your question? : )
 
6:22 PM
I leave it to biochemists and biologists.
 
"Proving Crazy Vector Space with addition and multiplication" =) .
 
@MattN Not really. =\
 
@AsafKaragila your point?
 
@Srivatsan Challenging problem: Always an indicator for a good question.
 
@robjohn What point?
 
6:23 PM
@Gigili A string of DNA looks like bits of gibberish mixed in with proper codes. One "code" thingy might for example be your hair colour.
Now if you made all the possible humans out of all the possible strings and one more then you'd get at least two same humans. : )
 
@Srivatsan now is that "proving with addition and multiplication" or "vector space with addition and multiplication"?
 
But I'd double check this with a biologist.
 
@AsafKaragila my bad. :-)
 
I don't actually know much about biology...
 
@robjohn You should know better by now!
 
6:24 PM
@tb Certainly. Which is why I singled out that question to read in the main page. I wasn't disappointed.
 
Don't know much about history
Don't know much biology
Don't know much about a science book
Don't know much about the French I took
 
hhh
@AsafKaragila As you wish, I only trust my feet -- have to RuN -- then soon back to math :P
 
Yes, that's exactly what I was thinking when I wrote that : )
 
@hhh Running? That's so unmathematical.
 
@Srivatsan speaking of which (see revision history :))
 
hhh
6:27 PM
@AsafKaragila You should read the "Born to run" -book, running is natural -- gets more blood to my brains and can work harder -- and can think clearer :P
 
@MattN Oh I see your point now, but it's true about the humans who are not born yet or something. But not infinite, yes.
It'd be great if you could ask them about it. Thank you.
 
@tb Hah, I guess he heard the proof that chess is determined (assuming that a tie is a victory to the white player).
 
hhh
@AsafKaragila ...but most people are unable to run (efficiently/naturally), there are quite many things to do wrong even in running like in Math -- the simplest/most-natural strategy wins :P
 
@AsafKaragila Sam?
 
@hhh I can assure you, if you study descriptive set theory and in particular Games and Determinacy, you'll soon learn how wrong that statement is.
 
6:30 PM
@tb Ah, that's a nice one.
"...there must a definite way for you to lose when you taken your first move as the first player since you lose every time." My question is" Is this just a sarcasm on my chess skill? I was torn between laughter and sympathy at this point.
 
I read hhh as hehehe, quite funny.
 
hhh
@AsafKaragila High-brow does not help here, every masterpiece is always unfinished -- also our mathematical models :P ...I always like to do basic course the latest...then it is odd that I cannot understand the basic questions the way other do :P
 
@Srivatsan he is way past the point of sympathy as far as I'm concerned.
 
@hhh You're not making any sense!
 
@AsafKaragila you're the one to complain :)
3
 
6:33 PM
@tb Of course! Have I ever missed a chance to complain about things?
 
Yeah, you could have been Dutch...
 
@JonasTeuwen If anything, you are doused in mayonnaise.
 
@JonasTeuwen So, did Mr exclamation! mark! explain his downvote? He! Should!
 
Yes! He! Should!
 
Hm. There is a Halmos measure theory influx over on MO... but nobody had the decency to explain that a less than sign confuses the engine over there :)
 
6:39 PM
@AsafKaragila What's wrong with mayonnaise? It eat it for breakfast (with a spoon).
@tb Do you have a particular example?
 
@Gigili Ok, will do. : )
 
@JonasTeuwen Right. That's what that white gooey stuff you for breakfast.
 
@JonasTeuwen this, this, this, this if you mean the Halmos thing. If you want to see exclamation marks, see here
 
:3971993 No. I am a descendant of Iraqi Jews. :-)
 
@JonasTeuwen to stir it into your espresso? :)
 
6:43 PM
Yes, that too... of course.
Should it be intuitively clear why LDC holds for Lebesgue integrals?
 
I remember when @Kanna was first talking here, he was all exclamation marks. :)
 
@JonasTeuwen Yes.
 
Okay, do explain what your intuition is about this.
 
"Obviously."
What's LDC, by the way?
 
@anon Yes. I was. But I only hope I am better now.
 
6:45 PM
Le Dominated Convergence I suppose...
 
Yes.
 
Long Double Box
 
@Gigili How is that LDC?
 
Maybe for dyslectics.
 
The box is like a can, a candy can
 
6:47 PM
"Mama always said that a box are like a box of chocolates... you open it up and see these are disgusting chocolates with orange peels."
 
I am dead.
 
@KannappanSampath Congratulation!
 
As always, if I should have said so.
 
@KannappanSampath Iyegnar deleted that question oh homologies.
 
Gosh, if Kannappan goes to sleep, it must be late. :) See you guys.
 
6:50 PM
Is Kannappan pulling a Will Hunting or what?
@Srivatsan Bye Srivatsan, see you!
 
See you!
 
the user Will Hunting?
 
Yes, he has this tendency to jump in and out of the chat room repeatedly.
@JonasTeuwen Maybe it's a matter of getting used to it, but I think monotone convergence isn't too surprising and as soon as you have that, the dominated convergence theorem shouldn't be a surprise either: no mass can escape.
 
I use it all the time of course... I was just wondering if it was "obvious" that it holds given that it doesn't hold for Riemann integrals. Right, maybe I should think about the ingredients.
 
But making that precise amounts to a proof of LDC from Beppo Levi or Fatou.
 
6:56 PM
I'm not so much interested in the proof now, but why one would come up with this integral :-).
Would it be luck or would he have been thinking: (in French) "Hmm, if I partition the range instead of the domain the integral might commute with limits!".
Okay, I do understand why you could come up with that idea if you think where it can go wrong.
So maybe it is just luck that those convergence theorems hold.
 
Well well. Time for round two. Cheers!
 
Cheers!
 
"Centerlizer", huh? : )
 
I am waiting for the third Batman movie.
 
I know. You've said it before.
 
7:05 PM
Oh, babgen... he never has any idea how to deal with it...
 
Maybe he needs some sticks...
 
@JonasTeuwen well, he has his wonderful leçons: archive.org/details/leonssurlintgra00lebegoog
 
That's interesting. Are they any good?
 
I think so, it's an elaboration on his thesis. Especially chapter VII is very nice.
 
7:12 PM
Great!
 
Hmm, I can check it in the library, but not take it home :(.
 
hey guys... what's (x+4)^3(sqrt(x+1)) and why? thanks
 
It is (x+4)^3(sqrt(x+1)).
 
If a chat room is like a ghost room or something, and you're bored ... Just flag a random message or say Something inappropriate to get flagged.
 
7:18 PM
@Gigili You're bored quite often.
Beginning depression?
 
@JonasTeuwen: sorry, mistyped: ((x+4)^3)(sqrt(x+1))
 
I'm not bored right now, I was just planning what to do at weekends.
 
Nothing. Just do nothing and have a drink.
That's great.
I just grab my stuff, go sit at a bench somewhere and bring drinks.
And do... nothing.
 
@Joe: What do you want out of that expression?
 
Nice idea, but it seems really boring.
 
7:20 PM
pporduct
*product
 
I'd sit on a bench alone and drink something if they gave me points or if it was something to go to next level ..
 
Heh, you're a gamer?
 
@Joe: It already is a product. Do you have a genuine question?
 
I am addicted to them, let's say.
 
That's awesome! : )
 
7:22 PM
That's awesome?
 
anon: what is the multiplication? Can it be reduced any further than it is?
 
What do you mean with "reduce"?
 
The product?
 
As in, can I do FOIL? If so how? If not why?
 
Bah, I don't know if I'll be alive by that time - but yes, sure, of course and whatnot.
 
7:24 PM
Why wouldn't you? : )
 
I would but I have no choice, it's like a raffle or something.
 
@Joe: The multiplication is (x+4)^3 times sqrt(x+1). You will not get a simpler form, though you can expand it by multiplying out (x+4)^3 = x^3+3(4)x^2+3(4^2)x+(4^3).
 
Maybe I am the next one, who knows .. burst into tears
 
anon: so if I want to take the derivative I should leave it as is or not?
 
@Gigili The next one for what?
But if you're a gamer you can just spend your weekend playing games, no?
Like WOW or any of the other online games : )
But I'd suggest that you refrain from that and use your time to do something more sensible.
 
7:29 PM
I can, that's what I do. But you cannot play all day and night because it'd be boring.
More sensible? Like what?
 
Nolan is doing a Batman movie is fine, his work has a bit of a dark touch. I wonder how Superman will end up.
 
@Joe: I don't know, would you rather do a single product rule on two terms, or at least three product rules with many more terms?
 
@Gigili What are your hobbies? What do you enjoy doing apart from playing games?
 
It's still more sensible than most of things.
 
anon: true
 
7:30 PM
@Gigili That's true.
 
@MattN The problem is, I'm not sure about that. That's why I play games.
 
@Gigili Nothing wrong with that. : )
@Gigili What's your favourite game?
 
Spiral Knights for now.
 
@Gigili Looks good. So that's a browser game, as far as I can tell?
 
Hi everybody!
 
7:36 PM
@MattN No, it's online but not browser game, I believe.
 
Hi Nimza.
 
'Ello.
 
Is it possible to count explicitly the Fourier transform of 1/||x||^2 ?
 
@Gigili That's what I meant. I meant that you don't have to install anything to be able to play it. : ) Not an important detail.
@JonasTeuwen Did you hear "Fourier transform"? ^
 
@MattN But you can install it so not to open your browser each time, blabla.
 
7:38 PM
Count a Fourier transform?
 
@Gigili I see.
 
Find)
 
Compute?
 
yes)
 
But $1 / || x ||^2$ is a constant, no?
 
7:39 PM
f(x) = 1/||x||^2
 
If you don't know the verb, just say evaluate. That's what I've learned from MSE.
 
Nimza means as a function of $\mathbb{R}^n$.
 
ok
 
Oh. I read it as $1 / || x ||_2$ : )
 
how is that any more of a constant? scratches head
 
7:41 PM
So $f(x) = \frac1{x_1^2 + \dots + x_n^2}$?
 
yes, f(x) = x_1^2 + ... + x_n^2
 
....
 
...?
 
you mean 1/ that?
 
Hum...
 
7:43 PM
1/
 
indeed.
 
Maybe you should first figure out which function you want.
Can you compute the Fourier transform of $x^{-2}$?
 
I said many times
 
@anon $|| f ||_2 = || x ||_2 = \sqrt{ \int_X |x|^2 dx}$... for $f(x) = x$. I'm not saying I'm making much sense.
 
You didn't mention which norm.
 
7:44 PM
||x|| is a default notation for euclidean norm I think, ||x|| = ||x||_2 by default. And what ||x|| is for you?
 
@MattN: x as a dummy and a free variable? decidedly not. :)
anyway, showertime
 
Anyway $1/x^2 = - \frac{d^2}{dx^2} \log |x|$ or something like that.
 
@anon What? No, $x$ as a function in $L^2$.
 
Sense. It does not make.
 
7:46 PM
I've lost sleep so I'll blame it on that.
And on a growing headache.
 
Wow, read: "moustache".
Must be my Kopfschmerz 8-).
 
: D
Speaking of which: I dared Ilya to shave off his moustache. Can you verify if he did that?
 
Does he have a moustache?
 
That dare was my good deed for that day.
 
Hugh.
 
7:49 PM
@JonasTeuwen He wrote that he'd grown one the other week.
 
I'd like to see that.
 
I don't.
 
Why not?
 
Because I don't want to see moustaches.
 
Why not?
I have shaven off one before I took this picture <
 
7:56 PM
I'm grateful : )
 

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