Let $T$ be the linear operator on $\mathbb{R}^3$ defined by
$$T(x_1, x_2, x_3)= (3x_1, x_1-x_2, 2x_1+x_2+x_3)$$
Is $T$ invertible? If so, find a rule for $T^{-1}$ like the one which defines $T$.
Prove that $(T^2-I)(T-3I) = 0.$
I've found that $T$ invertible, and that the rule is $$T^{-1}(x_1, x_2, x_3) = (\frac{1}{3}x_1, -x_2, -\frac{2}{3}x_1+x_2).$$
But to show that $(T^2-I)(T-3I) = 0$, am I supposed to use linearity/earlier part, or just the matrix?