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02:36
Hi All! I just know a little English. Can you help: english.stackexchange.com/questions/105015/…
@Sang You might get more help at English Language Learners.
@ctype.h Thanks!
I'll move my question to there.
@Sang You will not get any more luck there than here. You have to explain to people what you are really asking.
Define “consonant blend” and “vowel blend”. The th digraph is a single phoneme in English (except in words like cathouse), whereas ee is always a single phoneme, and ea has several possible sounds.
So th is not a “consonant blend”, and ee is not a “vowel blend”.
At least, as far as I can see.
@tchrist I want to find some official informations about consonant blend and vowel blend.
What is a blend?
They’re full of shit. Th is a single phoneme, not two consonant sounds. Ignore that page, it is wrong.
Similarly with sh, which is also a single sound not a “blend”.
Are you just asking for the mapping between clusters of letters and their actual pronunciations?
02:54
@tchrist Sorry, I'm not so good at English. I'm from Vietnam.
Are you trying to figure out which letters can go together in an English word, or are you trying to learn what they sound like?
I just want to know how many types of combine letters?
Not about sound.
Yes. which letters can go together and which NOT?
English is not like Japanese where you have an extremely limited set of possible syllables.
Some things are illegal in English, but not as many as you might think.
For example, "think" is ok, but "nkith" is not.
But "inkth" would be ok. It is not a word, though.
Most letters can be next to each other in English.
02:57
You mean no RULE here.
Again, this is not like Japanese.
I know of only one rule for that in English.
Please guide! Just 1 rule.
In standard spelling, the letter Q must always be followed by the letter U, and that must then be followed by another vowel from the set A, E, I, O, Y but not U.
That is the only rule I know about letter combinations.
Did you understand that rule? Is that the sort of thing you are looking for?
YES, That's what I need.
So I need which book tell about it?
But there are no more rules like that.
It is the only one.
03:01
Oh, Thanks! So I don't need to find more?
Some combinations of letters are rarer than others, and some are even non-existent, but that is the only formal rule.
Hm, I know another couple rules, actually.
You never have two instances of X in a row.
And you never have three instances of any letter in a row.
But those are not real rules like the QU rule.
Only 2 rule?
Those are not exactly rules, just things I thought of.
The only word with three sets of double letters is bookkeeper.
bottomlessness
03:05
Okay, in a row.
And . . . nice.
Time to shoot cartoon rockets at cartoon dudes while trying to push a little train faster than the other team pushes their little train.
possessionlessness
Thanks in advance! I copy your guide to document.
2 mins ago, by chatkillah
Okay, in a row.
Hm, princessship.
Does beekeeper win for most Es?
03:10
Naw.
degenerescence
hexamethylenetetramine
stereotelemeter
trockenbeerenauslese
trockenbeerenauslesen
Those all have 6, not 5.
Regular expressions are so wonderful. :)
(e\w*){6}
03:32
@tchrist The last two are the sweetest of the sweet. Me, I can get by with an auslese just fine if I want a dessert wine.
But you're right about regular expressions. Here's one of mine that finds all the linds in a stylesheet that don't contain the word "color": /^((?!color).)*$/gim
03:49
Ah, you did it right. Lotta people screw that up.
04:19
I wish it would give me my birthday badge already.
04:39
hey @JacobBlue
user19161
@chatkillah Hey K. =)
T and I made some spicy coconut soup tonight.
With tofu.
user19161
@chatkillah Yours is in August!
@JacobBlack I mean
user19161
@chatkillah lol
05:26
Give this man a medal! I mean, only the score of 2?
2
A: Name of the trade(s) that are involved in making animal-drawn carriages

Jon HannaWægn-wyrhta is found in Old English, so wainwrights have been around in the language a long time. Wain and wagon tends to be used for those that carry things, carriage more often for those that carry people, and coach generally for those carriages that are covered. There’d be exceptions, but it ...

 
10 hours later…
15:09
keeps chat dead
 
1 hour later…
16:26
Santorum … is also on tap later Friday to raise money for a private school in Troy.
@chatkillah I helped.
@MετάEd shake 'n bake!
@MετάEd I think Santorum is only on tap in San Francisco.
Or Fire Island.
Jan 22 at 0:16, by MετάEd
Jan 12 at 0:10, by MετάEd
Nov 6 '12 at 22:56, by MετάEd
Nov 1 at 18:03, by MετάEd
Oct 5 at 16:14, by MετάEd
Dammit. I killed the room again.
But you do have the advantage of a good nick.
@MετάEd I am become chatkillah.
@chatkillah It's not you, it's the sword.
17:22
Does anyone know why countries have recharging stations for electrical cars, instead of replacing stations? Having to wait for at least half an hour when you're out of energy must suck.
Why not have a universal battery that can be exchanged at any fuel station?
Because the batteries are enormous and heavy?
17:50
Hi @MattЭллен
Thanks once again
@Cerberus Because someone could bring in a used-up battery and trade it for one that will take a charge?
for correcting my answer.
@MattЭллен:there?
@Cerberus: Its not feasible. Like if you say that there should be a ready tank of petrol in petrol pump when you are out of stock of petrol in your car.
They can't afford it.
18:06
@AndrewLeach How heavy? Couldn't some standardised machine switch them?
@Robusto The batteries could be certified with electronic chips?
@Cerberus Only if they're easy to get at. And if they're easy to get at they're easy to steal.
@Sudhir Well, why would that be impossible? It's just unnecessary, because replacing the petrol itself is quicker than replacing the tank. An besides, you don't need to take away old petrol: you only need to add new petrol.
@AndrewLeach You could lock them up, just as with petrol?
Modern cars have petrol locks.
Yes you got my point @Cerberus
Doesn't stop petrol thefts (but there are more lucrative targets, so they are not common). Batteries are a lucrative target -- or will be, when they are more common to provide a source and a target market.
@Cerberus: You're from US?
So what's Petrol price in US?
18:12
@Cerberus And they still have to accessible. It's easier to build them into the floor of the vehicle and add a plug.
@AndrewLeach Why wouldn't locks stop petrol theft? If you have a good lock, surely your petrol doesn't get stolen?
@Sudhir Nope.
Then?
If a car can have a lock, so can the battery?
You could make it so that the key needs to be in the dashboard in order to release the battery, or something.
Surely that can be done.
@Cerberus But petrol does get stolen. It's just that the lock makes it difficult enough to prevent it, given the potential return. Batteries would be a very lucrative target, so even a dashboard key would not be a barrier. In fact there is the probability of extensive damage to the car to remove the batteries if it's easy enough for the return.
In my country petrol price is chasing sky. So petrol is very precious. So all keep in their lockers of tank.@Cerberus
@AndrewLeach: Petrol gets stolen.
18:16
@Sudhir Jinx. I just said that.
@AndrewLeach Why couldn't you make stealing the battery as hard as stealing the car? I really don't understand why there should be a fundamental problem here, only a practical one that requires some testing and research.
@AndrewLeach: So what's Petrol price in your country?
@Sudhir Petrol is about € 1.70 per litre here or thereabouts.
@AndrewLeach To my knowledge, it only gets stolen when you have no petrol lock.
Its cheap
Its pound?
I see petrol costs € 0.97 in Delhi.
18:19
@Sudhir About £1.38 per litre (about €1.60)
So that's 70 % more expensive for us.
@Cerberus nope. people around here get petrol stolen despite the lock
Germany has 15 times the gas tax that America has. That’ll teach ’em.
Then again, incomes are higher here as well.
@Cerberus No: tanks get drilled. Or did, before the risk outweighed the return.
18:20
Gas is like three bucks a gallon, climbing towards four of late.
@Sudhir you're welcome
@MattЭллен How odd. I have never ever heard of that happening to anyone. Oh, well.
And Germans make 15 times what Americans make. It is only fair.
@Cerberus people drill through. there was a spate of it on my street. the thieves had gone so far as to figure out the timings of the police patrols
@AndrewLeach All right, but anyway, there are ways to make it as hard for a thief to steal a battery as it is to steal a car.
18:21
But I think 1 Euro cost you very less
@MattЭллен Outrageous.
@Cerberus They would just steal the car then.
Another way that Germans keep people off the highway is not just by making gas punitively expensive, but making driving a capital crime: just remove all speed limits, and watch ’em squish.
Petrol tax in America ridiculous. It’s not percent based, but arbitrary (like 8 cents a gallon), that was instituted back in the 70s without any adjustment for inflation.
And germans get far better public transportation in return for higher taxes.
18:22
It began at a penny a gallon, which is reasonable.
@AndrewLeach But they already do that, so there is no loss there.
@Cerberus But to make a car less easy to steal is comparatively straightforward.
The batteries are big and heavy, and need to be built into the car.
@AndrewLeach:: 1.60 is very cheap.
I think for you.
Why cannot we just drive cars with industrial diesel engines and air or spring starters, so we won’t need a battery at all?
Germans live in a dangerously over-populated part of the earth. In return for living in population densities that drive rats to murder each other, the Germans get public transportation. “How clever!” quoth the Germans. “What a kluge!” quip the Americans.
18:24
as in my country exchange rate makes it very costly,
@theUg because that doesn't reduce CO2 emission at all
4
Q: Why no alternate (hand-cranked, spring-loaded) starter for a car?

PhilipA dead battery is a common and serious problem. At a minimum it takes time to jump-start the car. But oftentimes a second car is unavailable, or there's no jumper cables, or a serial killer is chasing you and pounding on your window. So why don't vehicles come with some alternate way of starti...

I hate jumping cars.
I can never quite get the height
@MattЭллен Moot point. we talk about battery theft, not sustainability.
18:25
@Cerberus:0.96 when converts in to INR it gets costly,
Just look what it did for Evel Kneivel.
@theUg we're talking about battery powered cars. why have them if not for reduction in CO2 emission? I said nothing about sustainability
@AndrewLeach Why do they need to be built into the car?
@Cerberus:What you say?
18:26
@MattЭллен You can tell you’re playing with an electric car because it has a sustain pedal.
@MattЭллен Well, then, I ride a motorcycle and get 2.7 l/100 km (85+ m per Am. gallon.)
It’s not very far from plug-in electrics, really.
@Cerberus Because if they are not then weight distribution gets problematic.
@Cerberus: costly
$9.89....Turkey.........................#7
$9.63....Norway......................#51
$9.09....Netherlands...............#40
$8.87....Italy............................#31
$8.82....Portugal.....................#17
$8.62....Greece.......................#21
$8.50....Sweden......................#46
$8.41....Belgium.....................#41
$8.38....France.......................#37
$8.22....Denmark...................#48
$8.15....Hong Kong.................#36
$8.12....Finland.......................#44
$8.06....United Kingdom.........#39
Presumably February 2013.
18:29
@Cerberus What be that? Per gallon?
what are the #N?
number of cars per capita?
@theUg $ units '2.7 liters/100 kilometers' 'gallons/miles' => 87.116512
@AndrewLeach I'm sure it can be done. People would be willing to pay more for not having to wait several hours a day in their car!
Most people like the number the other way around.
Prices are per gallon.
> The Bloomberg Gas Price Ranking sorts 60 countries by average retail price and by "pain at the pump," which measures the percentage of average daily income needed to buy a gallon of fuel. This is the # ranking.
18:29
@tchrist I rounded. Just ballpark, off of my fuelly data
units '100 kilometers / 2.7 liters' => '87.116512 miles/gallon'
@Cerberus:but we are calculating in INR so its gets augmented to 56 times of orginal value.
@Cerberus I see, thanks
@tchrist 87.11 is right, given my 85+ qualification. ;)
macbook# units '100 kilometers / 2.7 liters' 'miles/brgallon'
	* 104.62278
	/ 0.0095581476
Siwwy impewials.
18:32
@MattЭллен: I want to know about moderators role in this site?
And nauty ones:
macbook# units '100 kilometers / 2.7 liters' 'nmiles/brgallon'
	* 90.914713
	/ 0.01099932
Germans are pussies. We pay 13 % more for our petrol.
Fuelly says, I got 86, so 2.7 is really approximation.
@Sudhir I think there is a blog article about it...
I liked it better the other way.
Shouldn’t an article about standards be a bog article?
18:33
Jeff Atwood on May 17, 2009

We believe deeply in community moderation. That’s why we appoint Pro Tempore Moderators and, ideally, democratically elected community moderators for every site in our network. But what do community moderators do? The short answer is, as little as possible!

From the very first version of Stack Overflow faq way back in mid-2008, our goal has always been to give power back to the community:

Stack Overflow is run by you! If you want to help us run Stack Overflow, you’ll need reputation first. Reputation is a (very) rough measurement of how much the Stack Overflow community trusts you. R …

bbl
And I thought you were talking about fool standards.
Who is main controller of this site?
@MattЭллен Isn’t “bbl” a UK measurement unit? I think it is.
@MattЭллен:Are these guys getting paid for this?
@tchrist Having fun with numbers, I see. I wonder what my boat motor gets per NM (4 HP Mercury/Tohatsu).
18:35
9 dekamiles per galleon. That’s a respectable rate.
I bet gallEon full of petrol will last centuries
@theUg With or without a galleon to go with it?
@tchrist bbl=barrel, for some reason.
@tchrist I think I would have to have a galleon parked somewhere, just to store all those dynosauri.
@MattЭллен:tell
18:37
@AndrewLeach I know. I want to know why. Is it a plural or something?
dinosauri?
Terrible.
Now, changing gears. This is epic.
Some German students did this, incidentally.
@tchrist The "b" may have been doubled originally to indicate the plural (1 bl, 2 bbl), or possibly it was doubled to eliminate any confusion with bl as a symbol for the bale. Some sources assert that "bbl" originated as a symbol for "blue barrels" delivered by Standard Oil in its early days.
A barrel is one of several units of volume, with dry barrels, fluid barrels (UK beer barrel, US beer barrel), oil barrel, etc. The volume of some barrel units is double others, with various volumes in the range of about , due to historical reasons. Since medieval times the measure barrel has been used with different meanings around Europe, from about 100 litres to above 1000 in special cases. The name comes from medieval French baril. In most countries, its use is mainly obsolete, superseded by SI units. Thus the meaning of corresponding words in other languages normally refers to a physi...
bye
18:39
@AndrewLeach Beer barrel then?
    macbook# units bbl gallon
    	* 42
    	/ 0.023809524
    macbook# units bbl liters
    	* 158.98729
    	/ 0.0062898108
    macbook# units bbl brgallon
	* 34.972244
	/ 0.028594104
Hello
tjesus, where do you get all these numbers?
@theUg No, oil barrel, by definition.
macbook# units barrel oilbarrel
	* 1
	/ 1
Could anyone help me answer this question?
18:41
@AndrewLeach Thanks.
Are you in MacOS terminal? Is there same for linux?
@theUg Certs.
@Monica Just interrupt.
But be mindful, that interrupting is rude.
18:42
An apostrophe or an 's' is added to names or surnames that end with 's'
Oh noze!
but do you use either of them with the inanimate objects ending in 's'?
Well, now I be indignant for I’ve been interrupted. I do declare!
@Monica Examples, please.
10
Q: Which singular names ending in “s” form possessives with only a bare apostrophe?

Jake223Many questions already ask about this topic (What is the correct possessive for nouns ending in s? , Adding apostrophe-s to a singular noun already ending in “s”, etc.) and their answers vary, but they always give exceptions to the apostrophe-s rule, for example: 6.24 The general rule for t...

18:44
dress's colour
virus's name
Apostrophate those.
32
Q: When did it become correct to add an 's' to a singular possessive already ending in 's'?

Andrew StaceyAccording to my grammar book, but at variance to the answer to this question, the correct singular possessive if a word ends in 's' is: James's car The grammar book allows exceptions for historical nouns, so the examples in the answer to the above-linked question would pass muster. However...

With esses.
@Monica Yes. They're fine.
kiss's importance
18:45
@Monica Always always always always always.
@AndrewLeach How do you distinguish virus’s and viruses in oral speech, then?
@theUg As opposed to non-oral speech?
And to what purpose?
@theUg Context.
so even with inanimate objects ending with s you use either an apostrophe or 's
18:46
@tchrist Indeed, 9. p.m. in the evening.
just like with proper nouns
@Monica Always add an s in the singular.
Yes. virus's structure; viruses' structure.
There is no distinct rule for proper nouns vs improper ones.
Virusi?
18:47
@theUg Don’t make me FAQ you again.
2
A: Strunk and White says "Charles's" is correct -- is this still the case?

tchristThe rule is very simple, and it has no exceptions: that you add an s if you say the s, which is almost always. That said, because we don’t say the extra s when speaking certain limited phrases like these following examples, they therefore necessarily take no added s in spelling: that species’...

I was confused.... with proper nouns either can be used but with lifeless things...
It is the simplest rule in the world. How the FAQ people keep getting it wrong speaks to the pessimal quality of primary education these days.
@Monica No, that is wrong.
wrong?
Please read:
16
A: Which singular names ending in “s” form possessives with only a bare apostrophe?

tchristThe most useful rule — and the most general and the easiest to remember — is simply that you add ’s whenever you actually say an extra /əz/ at the end when forming the possessive, compared with how you say the non-possessive version. Let your own ear be your guide. That’s all there is to it. No ...

Yes, wrong.
@theUg Viruses.
18:49
There is no rule that applies to proper nouns that does not apply to common ones, nor vice versa.
learnenglish.de/grammar/casepossgen.htm I read about it on this site
People are just uneducated nincompompoopies.
and decided to ask you here
@Monica What, you expect Germans to know English orthographic conventions and their underlying unmad methods? What a Grimm idea!
@Monica Unfortunately some sites invent "rules" to make teaching a particular point easy, and then students find that the rule doesn't apply to all circumstances.
18:52
So there is no rule? Either an apostrophe or 's can be used with words that end with 's'
@Monica That is not the way it works.
The real rule is that no word gets more than one "uhz" inflection on the end. You can have possessive, or plural, but not both, as they cancel.
@Monica PLEASE read my answer.
16
A: Which singular names ending in “s” form possessives with only a bare apostrophe?

tchristThe most useful rule — and the most general and the easiest to remember — is simply that you add ’s whenever you actually say an extra /əz/ at the end when forming the possessive, compared with how you say the non-possessive version. Let your own ear be your guide. That’s all there is to it. No ...

@AndrewLeach I see, in Latin it would be vīra
I am reading
Also this one, please.
3
A: Strunk and White says "Charles's" is correct -- is this still the case?

tchristThe rule is very simple, and it has no exceptions: that you add an s if you say the s, which is almost always. That said, because we don’t say the extra s when speaking certain limited phrases like these following examples, they therefore necessarily take no added s in spelling: that species’...

@theUg Unclear.
I have a FAQ on this.
Most English words ending in -us, particularly those derived from Latin, replace the -us suffix with -i to form plurals. This is irregular, however: some words that end in -us do not pluralize with -i. Sometimes this is because they are not Latin words, and sometimes due to habit (e.g. campus, plural campuses, anus, plural anuses, are both Latin words that do not pluralize with -i). Conversely, some non-Latin words ending in -us or Latin words that would not have pluralized with -i in Latin are given an -i ending in English. Sometimes this plural becomes widely accepted (e.g. cactus, ubiqui...
Usage of virii within Internet communities has met with some resistance, most notably by Tom Christiansen, a figure in the Perl community, who researched the issue and wrote what eventually became referred to in various online discussions as the authoritative essay on the subject,[7] favoring viruses instead of virii.
The impetus of this discussion was the potential irony that the use of virii could be construed as a claim of superior knowledge of language when in fact more detailed research finds the naive viruses is actually more appropriate. (See hypercorrection.)
The most useful rule — and the most general and the easiest to remember — is simply that you add ’s whenever you actually say an extra /əz/ at the end ..
please could you give me an example?
@Monica Yes, ma’am.
Great rule, thanks
@AndrewLeach Not even necessarily sites. In Russian public schools they teach 6 cases, with some weird things labelled as exceptions. but in truth, those exceptions are things like Locative case and others. They just simplifyid instruction, for good or bad.
A regular plural would be viri, not virii.
18:57
@AndrewLeach No, viri is the plural of vir, not of virus. Virus is a neuter, and may not even be second declension.
@theUg Or took their cue from other languages like Latin or German (or even Russian; I don't speak Russian)
> Writers who, searching for a fancy plural to virus, incorrectly write *viri are doubtless blindly applying an overreaching -us => -i rule. This mis-inflects many words. For example, status and hiatus only change the length of the final vowel; genus goes to genera; corpus goes to corpora. Others are even worse if this rule is mis-applied, like syllabus, caucus, octopus, mandamus, and rebus.
@tchrist That is what I was reading. I see now, it’s Neo-Latin they talk about, and that plural of virus was never recorded.
Hmm. My Latin is rustier than I thought.
Back to the bookcase
> The crucial problem here is that, classically speaking, there appears to be no recorded use of virus in the plural. It was a 2nd declension noun ending in -us, which is rather common, but it was also a neuter, which is rather rare.
18:58
@tchrist Cactus is not even Latin, I had found out, but I like cacti.
> Another theory holds that virus, if it was a 2nd declension neuter, must go to *vira in the plural as do its -um neuter brethren in the 2nd declension. However, that assumes that it works like a -um form, not as a -us form does. And it really seems to do neither. If it were a -us form (again, as a 2nd declension nominative), then its vocative would have to be *vire; but it's really only virus.
> So what we have here is something of a mixed or invariant declension. Trying to find a plural for something that didn't take a plural (possibly because it was not a count but a mass noun), or at least, one for which no plural is classically attested, is a fruitless endeavour. Best to stick with English and use viruses.
@tchrist As I said, I just read it. :)
@tchrist Non-oral speech:
is it better to use 'of' inanimate objects? Ex.,The room's door or the door of the room.
American Sign Language (ASL) is the predominant sign language of deaf communities in the United States and English-speaking parts of Canada. Besides North America, dialects of ASL and ASL-based creoles are used in many countries around the world, including much of West Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. ASL is also widely learned as a second language, serving as a lingua franca. ASL is most closely related to French Sign Language (FSL), and might be considered an FSL-based creole. Despite the fact that the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have English as a common oral l...
18:59
@Monica No, it sounds non-native-speakerish to do so.
@MετάEd Zing. good point. :)
02:00 - 19:0019:00 - 00:00

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