I need to write a meta post about why we use phonetics on ELU to describe pronunciations.
Although this is obvious to people coming to English from other languages, or to people who've studied either linguistics or other languages, to English speakers who've never known any other way than spelling out English words, it is not always obvious why we can't use spellings to indicate pronunciation in English.
Googling for "why use international phonetic alphabet" turns up a half-dozen articles from various language sites that have had to make the same case to their readers.
> The one-sentence answer is “to describe how something is pronounced”.
NPR had a clip yesterday talking about the current glut in the market of cranberry production. The interviewer was saying "a different word" than the people he was interviewing. Most cranberry production comes from Wisconsin and Massachusetts, but the interviewer did not.
And what different word is that, you ask?
The people he was interviewing necessarily mentioned cranberry bogs like fallen logs, but the interviewer would say cranberry bahgs like fallen lahgs, and the mismatch was weird. Doubtless the interviewer has a merger that made him unable to hear that he wasn't saying the same word as the people he was talking to were saying. It stood out.
This also demonstrates how mournfully inadequate it is to describe these things using English spellings. What I've just had to write there on the immediately previous line doesn't really make much sense as written there, at least to many people, who will of course read all those with their own versions in their head, not with the sounds I'm talking about.
/bɑːg/ isn’t /bɒg/ let alone /bɔːg/, just as /bɑːg/ isn’t /bæg/ let alone /bɛg/.
And there is simply no way to express what I just wrote without using phonetics.
For the most part, consonants are straightforward, but vowels are impossible.
I’ve used slashes there because I'm talking about broad phonemic differences that make something "a different word". The actual phonetics of some of those can vary in ways that are too fancy for casual use, via regional allophones which don’t change which word was said. For example, the "/æ/ tensing" that makes /æ/ from bag /bæg/ come out as [eə̯] or even [ɛə̯] in many North American speakers, with curious centralizing diphthongs.
Moreover, there are even regions that have phonemic rather than phonetic /æ/ tensing.
> in much of the Midwest and some of the Pacific Northwest, this extends to the point that /æ/ even merges with /eɪ/, so that bag, for example, rhymes with plague or vague.
The Wikipedia article mentions only North American instances of /æ/ tensing. I’d be surprised if no version of this ever happened in any of the myriad accents to be found in Britain and Ireland.
Haven't thought about that much, though.
In the Deep South, even ham can be two syllables: ['hɛ.(j)əm].
Learning enough IPA for simple English phonemic representations takes maybe five or ten minutes tops, no more than learning any dictionary's pronunciation key. Learning enough for small and subtle dialectal phonetics isn’t something that everybody would ever have to do.
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I guess related UK issues might be those involving the TRAP–BATH split and the bad–lad split.
I need to hear a Scottish accent pronouncing words like gate and mate.