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00:03
so if a question is migrated, does it keep its upvotes?
@hadsed yes, I think so
oh ok. my question got 3 upvotes then, but 8 would've been nuts
considering i posted to TCS once and got shitted on
(to be fair it wasn't a great question.. it did much better in normal CS)
shitted or shat?
lol
I never can decide which to use XD
00:11
well thanks to you, now im in the same boat :P
welcome to the club. shat sounds more natural to me, so I usually stick with that. But in formal settings it's hard to know which to use
formal settings.. you are lucky if you can say shat in formal settings
I can imagine any of "i posted to TCS once and got {shit, shitted, shat} on" sounding correct
So I looked it up at en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shit
Scroll down to the verb section under "simple past" which says "shit (third-person singular simple present shits, present participle shitting, simple past shit, shitted, or shat, past participle shit, shitted, shat, or shitten)"
excellent
so, IOW they're all correct?
00:24
Yeah it seems they all get used that way.
cool
sigh, I need to go and work on a some linear algebra problems
This Wiktionary entry is amazingly detailed.
wiktionary is really useful for learning another language
better than any "official" dictionary I've found
I just checked, there are even SEs for individual languages
 
3 hours later…
03:18
Soooo... Dear @Brandon has come back :)
Welcome to our chat (You do remember me I guess) :P
03:47
@CrazyBuddy hey there
 
2 hours later…
user54412
05:48
@LoganM though I do notice that links in the multicollider have the "hq=1" component, which I always assumed was for (partially) negating that feedback
user54412
not that anyone seems to know what the formula for question "hotness" is
user54412
@BrandonEnright yes welcome back
user54412
you made a grand entrance, complete with dusty light beams :P
@ChrisWhite thank you :-)
Yeah not even that great an answer. I'm a bit embarrassed by the attention it got.
user54412
I think my Best Answer Ever is either at +1 or +3 depending on which one I have in mind
user54412
05:52
such is the nature of internet hoards
Yeah apparently my answer is one of the 31 best this site has ever seen. I need to find those horses and thank them :-p
Now I understand why there is a 200 rep per day cap. One hoard could really throw things off.
It seems there is a small movement by Dimension10, Dilaton, and maybe others to start up a theoretical physics question site. Interesting.
user54412
I suppose if one has the money (which isn't much), one can always host a website without concern for traffic
This site seems like the ideal place for it. I never understood the friction that caused a bunch of people to leave or get frustrated.
user54412
I'm trying to imagine convincing the profs in my department to check out any website - they're too busy doing research to chat about research
Yeah plus if they want to answer questions and "make a difference" they can just hold more office hours or do seminars or survey courses.
They're already in an ideal framework (a University) for such things.
Or like Ben Crowell and write a whole bunch of books for students.
user54412
06:01
and if they want to ask questions to stay abreast of current issues, well then they use their grant money to travel to conferences ;)
Hey @ChrisWhite, I have a simple question probably too basic to ask on the site. Photons are massless and travel at c so their momentum and energy is proportional to their frequency. For gravitons though... they're massless and travel at c. Do they always have zero energy and momentum? Can their energy vary? Does that mean they'd oscillate in some way?
Or is that what is meant by "we don't have a quantum theory of gravity" because we just have no idea?
user54412
I always thought (travels at c) <=> (E = p) and implicitly that energy could be anything
user54412
which of course it must be, because one can always shift reference frames
I thought the point of something traveling at c is that you can't boost to a reference frame where it's traveling at anything but c
user54412
i think the idea of a graviton is pretty well fleshed out by now - it's just a spin-2 particle (ok so that's weird but not unworkable)
06:09
although I guess moving your reference frame does change (for light) the observed frequency
user54412
@BrandonEnright exactly - you can change p (=E) by boosting, but not v
TBH I don't really have any feel for how a spin-2 particle is any different than a spin-1
user54412
of course I come from the GR camp, not the QFT camp - give me nontrivial metrics over "particles" (whatever those are) any day
user54412
@BrandonEnright Neither do I
Hmm well I seem to ask a lot of questions that are probably obvious to folks with a background in QM but I guess this is something I should ask on the site then
user54412
06:14
I can talk about the math, with all these "transforms like a blah blah blah" definitions, but it never seems intuitive
user54412
@Transmissionfrom cc @Arc676 physics.stackexchange.com/q/72656
Nice answer ;-)
user54412
06:30
@ManishEarth I'll match your un-commented-on arxiv link: arxiv.org/abs/1311.2558
06:44
I need money -_-
user35386
Could use some physics expertise over here: skeptics.stackexchange.com/q/18338/5582
06:59
@Articuno It looks pretty clear to me that the flower pot won't help the candles heat the room.
But the question seems to be about efficiency and I don't really see how to define efficient in the context of heating a room with a candle. The candle will output the same total amount of energy regardless of the flower pot.
the dailymail, doesn't surprise me that they promote BS
user35386
That's what some answers mentioned... and guessed that they must have meant something else by "efficiency" rather than the technical definition
It's conceivable that the flower pot spreads the heat more uniformly but heat is heat. It's 100% efficient at putting heat into the room.
user35386
One comment speculates that having the pot heat up and then radiate heat means more heat stays in the room than if convection simply brought the heat up to the ceiling and then lose it through the roof
I don't think it's really the sort of question that can make use of physics expertise. If anything it seems like an engineering question. All that really matters in heating a room is what the occupants feel. Sklivvz's response looking at BTUs and how many candles it would take is spot on.
user35386
07:07
okay that's good then. even just some extra eyes to catch any blatant errors is helpful
07:19
@BrandonEnright you solved that wicked hard cube puzzle?
Are you referring to the 4D Rubik's cube analog?
yeah
that's insane
It's wicked intimidating at first but it's not wicked hard.
how'd you do it? is there some sort of technique?
Yeah like most things, there are some basic techniques or algorithms for finding a technique that can break the problem down into simple steps. In the case of pretty much any "twisty puzzle" like the 3x3x3x3 you borrow a trick from group theory called a "commutator".
07:24
commutator?
like in linear algebra? XD
Yeah so in group theory, elements in a group don't necessarily commute. So ab may not be the same as ba. If ab == ba then a and b are said to "commute"
ah, so it's the same, cool
did you use a computer to help?
But if two group elements don't commute then if you to aba'b' where a' is the inverse than the effect of this aba'b' sequence is called the "commutator of a and b"
Well I used a computer in the sense that you can't really see or manipulate a 4D object without one. I also used a computer in that I pre-made a bunch of useful move sequences and then pasted them in whenever I needed them as a macro
But I did not use a computer to find any of the sequences and in principle I could have performed every move click by click rather than recording macros of useful moves
I see
For twisty puzzle commutators are especially useful because they allow you to build 3-cycles of pieces. Once you can cycle around just one piece type without affecting anything else on the puzzle it's not too hard to solve all of the pieces of that type without affecting anything else
About 2 years ago I made a 2-part video on youtube on how to find nested commutators that would allow you to solve the 3^4. I've been thinking of reprising that video to show how to find shorter, more direct commutators for solving it.
07:29
you're talking above my head, i know pretty much nothing about group theory
user35386
do you have any opinions on using feynmanlectures.caltech.edu to learn physics?
bad idea
Feynman lectures are great for reading, but bad for learning for the first time
@Astrum I have several videos on basic commutators too. I try to avoid too much math theory in my videos so I don't spend a lot of time talking about group elements or multiplication of elements, etc.
what's your channel
?
Twisty puzzles are my primary hobby. They take up most of my time and money.
07:37
money?
Yeah most "exotic" puzzle designs need to be 3D printed which is a very expensive process. Then, because I'm crazy, I polish the printed parts using a technique I developed which requires a reasonable amount of equipment.
Well I really need to call it a night :-) See ya.
alright, see ya
interesting knowing about your obsession with twisty puzzles! =D
08:21
Its @BrandonEnright! Welcome back!
@ChrisWhite whoa, interesting method
@BrandonEnright "shitten"? I must start using that.
@ChrisWhite yeah, it costs less than ten dollars a month for hosting, and it's not hard to set up a FOSS alternative to SE software (Did that once for the heck of it and had fun)
The larger problem is getting people interested.
And keeping people on board.
@ChrisWhite exactly .
08:43
@BrandonEnright maybe the feynman diagram is wigglier? But there isn't much of a different iirc. Except for deep theoretical stuff I have yet to learn, I bet.
@BrandonEnright You should make a RepRap. Or get your own printer. I work with one group in the institute (or used to, not so much now) on robotics, and they used to buy time on the 3D printer of a prof. They got their own and now they're saving lots of money. And if you don't want to get your own, you can make one using RepRap :)
@MarkBooth on Robotics (he ought to be around in the chatroom) knows quite a bit about these if you want more info.
@BrandonEnright I was always surprised that we had folks like Shor and 't Hooft active on the site (with quite a bit of rep). These guys are at a university and have a lot of things they can do, yet they spend a little time here :)
Well, 't Hooft is less active these days, but he used to be here.
And then we do have a significant number of active researchers (eg dmckee).
What dilaton&dimension want to do is recreate TP.SE, a site for research level questions only. And they want to be free from some of the SE rules (civility, the issues with list questions, moderation in general). I personally don't think it'll work, but it sounds like an interesting plan nevertheless.
09:03
While the question isn't so great, it's actually the seed of a good question
0
Q: How can we write the wave function in quantum mechanics?

user3685In quantum mechanics, while writing the wave functions we can take a product of the spatial and the spin parts.But what does it means? What is the meaning of the spatial wave function and the spin wave function?

Even I used to wonder for a while what the actual form of the spin wave function (as well as the actual form of Dirac's psi) was.
Now I know, but it took pretty long.
 
1 hour later…
10:18
Could some tell me why they remove the brackets going from eq. (8.11) to eq. (8.12) using eq. (8.5), which has brackets. This is on page 370 in Tom D.J. - The Schwinger Action Principle and Effective Action, which is on web at: f3.tiera.ru/2/P_Physics/PQft_Quantum%20field%20theory/…
11:11
A Physics.SE answer was mentioned in the latest xkcd what if
5
11:30
My problem got resolved.
12:20
@MadScientist uh oh
oh that one
 
1 hour later…
13:29
It's already gone viral once so it has tons of votes and is protected. The damage is already done :P
@ManishEarth huh? o_O
When stuff like this happens we get tons of votes (which is okish), tons of new answers/off topic comments (which is not). Fortunately, this already was protected
ah that... :)
13:52
I have one question: if an object is moving with constant velocity then time dilation formula is t = t0 * sqrt(1 - v ^ 2/ c ^ 2) but if that object isn't moving with constant velocity but it's moving with constant acceleration (a) then what time dilation formula will be?
3 hours ago, by Mad Scientist
A Physics.SE answer was mentioned in the latest xkcd what if
We're fast :P
@Gigi10012 If that's an accelerating frame, you definitely need GR :)
@MadScientist The reason of the crazily upvoted answer and the citation by xkcd strongly suggest that there are lack of easily accessible and understandable experimental results on the Internet. As a knowledge exchange center, we should have more of them here :)
4
14:03
@hwlau Start asking about . I'll do them in home if I had sufficient resources :P
@CrazyBuddy I have found this formula Δτ=∫t2t1 (sqrt(1 −v(t) ^2 / c2) * dt). so i have to multiply acceleration (a) by time relative to observer who is in spaceship, am I correct?
@Gigi10012 Nope. Like I said, it needs GR treatment. I dunno much about that. But, you can read the Wiki article...
Gravitational time dilation is an actual difference of elapsed time between two events as measured by observers differently situated from gravitational masses, in regions of different gravitational potential. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the more slowly time passes. Albert Einstein originally predicted this effect in his theory of relativity and it has since been confirmed by tests of general relativity. This has been demonstrated by noting that atomic clocks at differing altitudes (and thus different gravitational potential...
@CrazyBuddy thanks
you're welcome :)
Anonymous
14:30
@Gigi10012 Actually you can use SR and integrate the lorentz factor.
Anonymous
@EmilioPisanty That answer just got 32 upvotes today.
Anonymous
+200 3 mins ago upvote Cooling a cup of coffee with help of a spoon
Anonymous
answer was upvoted 32 times
Thanks @DIMension10
14:58
hi
@Erbil Hey ;-)
:)
Hi all!
15:13
@DIMension10 Yeah, hah. That was a Booster badge for Munroe right there if he'd given the right link.
15:31
How does one know if a certain pair of particles can annihilate into a certain boson?
(I especially want to know if an up-quark and an anti-down-quark can annihilate into a W+ boson, but I want to know how to know)
15:46
Anyone?
15:59
Thanks @Pulsar
@Gigi10012 No, thank you! You just pushed my rep over 3000 :-)
:)
congratulations
16:37
This might be one of the higher profile link-backs to our site:
@Arc676 I don't think up and anti-down can annihilate since they aren't the same particle
@BrandonEnright Then how can bosons decay into these particles?
for example, I found this reaction in a video: an up-quark pair annihilates into a W+ boson and a W- boson. The W- decays into an electron and a neutrino, while the W+ decays into an up-quark and an anti-down quark
The bound state particle for ud' is the Pi+ meson
?
Bound state?
Quark anti-quarks can pair up into "bound states" called mesons: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson
Apparently the Pi+ does primarily decay to W+ see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion
However I don't believe that decay would be called "annihilation" simply because it isn't identical matter+antimatter particles in the interaction
16:44
I also have this diagram I'm not sure of in which an up-quark and an anti-down quark annihilate into a W+ boson, and this W+ emits a higgs. Is this diagram incorrect?
@ManishEarth Unfortunately RepRap and all of the DIY 3D printers (and many of the commercial ones too) use the FDM process to extrude a thermoplastic wire into very thin 1D layers. This process doesn't have enough resolution for the intricate mechanisms and interaction of the twisty puzzles I print. I have to use SLS based printers which have the necessary resolution in all three dimensions.
17:06
@BrandonEnright ah, that sucks.
So, is the diagram incorrect?
@Arc676 /cc @BrandonEnright In this case we don't call it "annihilation", but yes, udbar can decay into a W
Image found here: imgur.com/kpoMjre
W particles can be formed by the decay of quark-antuquark pairs or lepton-antilepton pairs
@ManishEarth So it has to have that bar in the middle? Does this mean I need to update the diagram?
17:08
@Arc676 nope
@ManishEarth How can a lepton-antilepton pair decay into a W if W's are charged and a pair is neutrally charged
/me made a mistake
Of course, that means that a quark turning into another quark can also release a W (or a Z)
@Arc676 Not all leptons are charged
e + v_e --> W-
opposite of beta decay
Ah...
I think e- + e+ can give a Z, though
I think so too
e- e+ > Z > muon pair
@ManishEarth The diagram I uploaded to imgur is OK right?
Right?
17:13
not sure
Baryon number isn't conserved
...but then again baryon number is not necessarily conserved in weak interactions
Baryon? I thought baryons were composite particles
Like protons
OK, the first part is just beta decay rotated, my bad
@Arc676 baryon number is from quarks though
It seems OK to me. There may be energy considerations though
@ManishEarth And how is this number found, and how is it not conserved though
There are two quarks to begin with and 2 to end with
Mass isn't conserved, but you said that you only need to conserver energy
1 min ago, by ManishEarth
OK, the first part is just beta decay rotated, my bad
I read the diagram wrong
17:16
It is conserved here
How did you quote the message?
pasted the permalink
Oh
7 secs ago, by Arc676
Oh
Ah... I see
Interesting
Baryon number is the difference between the number of quarks and antiquarks.
divided by three, but that's not important
Hmm, (#quarks-#anti-quarks)/3
How is this not important?
17:19
@Arc676 because it's zero no matter which angle you look at the diagram from
The diagram would be incorrect if there were another quark right?
For some stupid reason I was looking at the diagram with the time axis going up and I was misled by the labels
That's why I always add the gray arrow to label time ;)
Although I could have labeled it...
XD
You can look at Feynman diagrams in any direction, but you have to remember that the labels of particles and antiparticles may change
@Arc676 I looked at the arrows and then realized my mistake, the dbar would have to be backwards
Doesn't looking at the diagram in the opposite direction make all the particles anti-particles and vice versa?
17:22
not if you go only 90 degrees
Well, if you go 90º that changes everything
17:47
Would this work? imgur.com/KNPQ5hC (Time is still left to right)
@Arc676 yes, but sweet mother of god why? :P
ok, it's not that complicated, but still
Still what?
I don't find it that complicated
I just try to make diagrams for all the sample ones I learn, because that way I'm less likely to forget
Just to speed things up, is there a way to know exactly which particles can/cannot interact to form certain other particles?
18:05
@Arc676 yeah, I know, and it does make sense
What makes sense?
Was that directed at my previous message?
yes, I remember that image
But how do I know what particles can come OUT of the interactions
the ones that it interacts with
any junction in the feynman diagram must be between "joined" particles
So since everything interacts with the W and the Z, any "annihilation" can produce a W or a Z?
18:15
i think
Wait, that can't be right
The Higgs is not connected to the photon
Yet in the diagram I uploaded earlier (I deleted it, so it's not there anymore) the Higgs decays into two photons
@Arc676 um, yeah, not possible, I didn't notice that
I'm not the best person to ask about these things :P
So the diagram is incorrect?
I need to replace the photons with Ws?
or Zs?
and in case you haven't noticed, we are the only active members
and this is the only chat about physics with active members
and the only other place to ask about physics is the main site
and I can't ask a yes/no question on the main site...
@Arc676 yeah
I'm on it
Would it be more likely to decay into Ws or Zs? :P
18:28
dunno
18:38
I'll do Ws, they're more exciting
CHARGE!!
That was a horrible pun...
I'll be back in 30 minutes approx.
@ManishEarth It seems I am having a deja vu all over again. I'm looking at the same picture I posted yesterday.
19:18
Back
@Transmissionfrom He reposted it
Or do you mean you searched for it again?
@ManishEarth The diagram is correct right? imgur.com/g2JYFv2
@Arc676 muon turning to an electron neutrino?
Lepton number, anyone?
?
Where?
OH
The rest seems OK, if charge is conserved (I'm not checking that :P)
I get it... it should be muon neutrino
then fine
19:25
So if I change it to muon neutrino (although one could assume the oscillation) it would be correct as long as charge was conserved?
Which it is... the muon carried the negative charge and the quarks the positive one, then there were two Ws with the charges, then the Higgs is neutral, then the two Ws again, and each one decays into appropriate quarks
It should be correct
@Arc676 Given the number of particles in the Standard Model, how long is this Q&A expected to last?
As long as it takes for my human mind to wrap around the answer to the question "how do I know which bosons can be produced by a certain particle annihilation?"
And there aren't that many particles are there?
I mean, it's just 3 electron-like leptons, 3 neutrinos, 6 respective anti-particles, etc
19:54
Then there are 18 quarks, and 18 anti-quarks.. I see your point
20:18
I have to go, see you all tomorrow
20:29
@ManishEarth You still owe me the answer to math.stackexchange.com/q/556048/56801.
I think Willie's answer is correct, but I'm not completely sure.
 
1 hour later…
21:57
@Arc676 The figure that Manish posted earlier answers that question.
Please note that particle physicists do not concentrate on annihilation events as special. We care equally about all vertexes.
Photons couple to charge. Weak bosons to the weak hypercharge and gluons to color.
Only the glouns have a four-particle vertex.
That is really all there is beyond getting down what charges each type of particle carries.

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