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16:00
@Knight That's a JEE question, probably, don't remember where
I told him “it all depends on what the question makers thinks”
@robjohn Are you there?
@Archer You use symmetry and integrate over $(-\infty,\infty)$ and divide by $2$
@robjohn But I am not allowed to use that method.
@Archer which method?
16:03
@Knight JEE Advanced question, confirmed..
@Archer symmetry?
Who gives you such kinds of questions...
@Knight You know mean value theorem?
@robjohn See, the question has restricted me to use the rectangle ^
@abhas_RewCie Yep
16:04
5
Q: Which function satisfies $𝑓: \mathbb R → [−2, 2]$ with $(𝑓(0))^ 2 + (𝑓 ′ (0))^ 2 = 85$,also $f$ is twice differentiable?

Styles Let $f:\mathbb R\to[−2,2]\,$ be a twice differentiable function with $$\big(𝑓(0)\big)^2+\big(𝑓′(0)\big)^2=85.$$ Which of the following statements are necessarily TRUE? (A) There exist 𝑟, 𝑠 ∈ ℝ, where 𝑟 < 𝑠, such that 𝑓 is one-one on the open interval (𝑟, 𝑠) (B) There...

See the answer by Calvin Khor
Wow @abhas_RewCie Thanks
@Knight That's just a trick question
But you see, you cannot solve it
You got to assume some function and check it
Hahahahaha
@Archer Have you tried simply integrating $e^{-z^2}$ around that contour?
@robjohn Yes
16:08
I will write it out. I am sure it works.
@Knight No, you can solve it, the Math SE doesn't permits full answer, until the asker asks for it, so everyone was giving hints
@robjohn I am stuck on the integration on the imaginary axis i.e. from z = ic to z = 0
It doesnt go to 0.
@Knight You can use MVT to solve it.
But the answer says it should.
See the doubtnut link, I sent, it contains the solution...
That's a straightforward trick question... don't get struck, it's easy.
16:12
@abhas_RewCie No, you cannot solve it. Solving something means proving that option (A) is correct but you cannot prove it as full information is not given and all you can is to think of some function behaving like that
but you can prove it
@Archer $$ \begin{align} \int_0^{ic}e^{-z^2}\,\mathrm{d}z &=i\int_0^ce^{x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x \end{align} $$
@Archer It is not supposed to vanish, but it is imaginary
@Archer The imaginary part gives the answer to the integral of $\int_0^\infty e^{-x^2}\sin(ax)\,\mathrm{d}x$
16:35
@robjohn But the answer says its 0
40 mins ago, by Archer
2
A: Gaussian-like integral : $\int_0^{\infty} e^{-x^2} \cos( a x) \ \mathrm{d}x$

MoliYou can integrate $$f(z)=e^{-z^2},z\in\mathbb{C}$$ On the boundary of the rectangle $$\{z\in\mathbb{C}:\Re(z)\in[-R,R]\wedge \Im(z)\in[0,a/2]\}$$ Given $a>0,R>a/2.$ Being $f$ entire, this integral is equal to zero. Using the fact that $$\int_0^\infty{e^{-x^2}dx}=\frac{\sqrt\pi}{2}$$ And observin...

This answer^
Oh it's from $-\infty$ to $+\infty$
@Thorgott With only that much information?
Can we prove the correctness of option (A)
Is there an arrangement of five vertices and edges in 3D space such that there's a 120 degree angle at each vertex?
I want a (not necessarily flat) 120-degree pentagon, in other words
@Knight Everything can be proved You don't need to show them with examples.
(Cont'd) If all the edges are the same length, I'm gonna guess no
Even if they're not, actually
Yes, this is true - consider projecting it onto a plane
16:55
@Thorgott Would you please guide me?
@Knight Proving (A) and (C) wrong is very easy.
@abhas_RewCie (A) is correct buddy
@abhas_RewCie I couldn’t see what you removed
Assume, $f: \mathbb R \rightarrow [-2,2]$,
there's an answer on main
Let, $x_1, x_2 \in \mathbb R$
17:00
@abhas_RewCie It’s given, we need not to assume it :) LOL
@Thorgott main ?
What is main?
such that $f(x_1) = f(x_2) = C$
the main site
one of you linked the question earlier and there was an answer already
Yes
@abhas_RewCie Okay, then?
@Knight then let $x_1 = r$ and $x_2 = s$
and $x_1 < x_2$
so, if $f$ isn't one-one in $(x_1, x_2)$, then it must be a constant function.
When I thought of the problem for first time, I imagined if the Range is restricted to $[-2,2]$ then it must be something like periodic function
17:03
if it's a constant function between $(x_1, x_2)$ then, $f''(x)|_{k} = 0, k \in (x_1, x_2)$
also, $f'(x)|_{k} = 0; k \in [x_1, x_2]$
that argument makes little sense
same goes for that notation
so, $(f(0))^2 = 85$
which isn't possble
as $f(x) \in [-2, 2]$ for $x \in \mathbb R$
$\blacksquare$
@Archer The integral over the whole contour is $0$.
So, there is an contradiction and (A) get eliminated
@Thorgott I couldn’t understand this line:
In either case, by continuity of $f'$, $f'(x)$ has a fixed sign on a small neighbourhood of $0$, and therefore $f$ is injective restricted to this neighbourhood.
17:07
@Thorgott when I write $f(x)|_{k}$ I mean $f(x)|_{k=x}$
@Knight $f'(0)$ cant be zero. Without loss of generality, assume it is positive. Since $f$ is twice differentiable, $f' > 0$ in a neighborhood of $0$. Done.
@Knight If a continuous function is strictly positive or strictly negative at a point, it is also that in a neighborhood of that point. This is a good exercise in case you don't know it. Now, if $f^{\prime}$ is strictly positive or negative on an interval, it is monotonic there, hence injective.
@feynhat yes, exactly... Good
@abhas_RewCie that notation still doesn't make sense, nor does the argument
@Thorgott Hints != Arguments. I made some additional assumptions
@Thorgott That's simple notation, btw
17:10
how do you integrate $\int_0^1 \exp(7/\log(x))\log^3(x)(x^4-x^3+3x-1)dx$
7 mins ago, by abhas_RewCie
so, if $f$ isn't one-one in $(x_1, x_2)$, then it must be a constant function.
that's not an additional assumption, you are stating an implication "if... then..", which is wrong
@Thorgott method of contradiction.
the notation is pointless and contrived, just write $f(k)$
@Thorgott give a second,...
@Thorgott agree
To disprove, (A) we start with assumption that such $r, s$ exists. then, $f(v) = C \forall v \in (r, s)$, so, $f'(v) = 0 \forall v \in (r, s)$. Putting this in the given equation, we get, $(f(0))^2 = 85$ which clearly isn't possible, as it violates the range of $f$ which is $[-2, 2]$
@Thorgott Now better?
17:16
No, why on earth would $f$ be constant?
The assumption is that $f$ is one-to-one in that interval, which is more than opposite of being constant.
@Thorgott Ah, that's a very terrible mistake...
XD :P
@Thorgott So, I need to prove that there are two points for which they are equal? (to disprove it)
yes, but you won't be able to
how do you resolve 0 times infinity?
@Knight Solution - ABD
this is funny
"so then this is 1 over x overrrrrrrr!"
17:31
user image
5
HAHAHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHA
that really tickles my funny bone
Does anyone know how to integrate something?
5
$$\lim_{n \to \infty} \log(n) \int_0^1 \bigg(\exp(\frac{1}{\log(x)}\log(x)x\bigg)^n ~dx $$
@robjohn You still here?
What is it @ÉricoMeloSilva
I am away from my computer for a bit. I cannot reply in depth because I don't like using my phone and MathJax.
@robjohn oh, I just wanted to ask how do I go about solving $\displaystyle \int_R^0 e^{-(t+ic)^2} dt$
17:49
0
Q: Induced Group Representation

user193319Let $D_{\infty} = \langle a,t \mid a^2 = t^2 = 1 \rangle$ be the infinite dihedral group, and let $H = \langle at \rangle$. Given $\theta \in [0,2 \pi)$, let $f_{\theta} : H \to \Bbb{T}$ be defined via $f_{\theta} ((at)^n) = e^{i n \theta}$. I am trying to find the induced representation ${\rm In...

$e^{c^2}\int_R^0e^{-t^2}e^{-2ict}\,\mathrm{d}t$ Take the real part.
Oh then we'll again split it into imaginary and real parts
Thanks a lot!
@BalarkaSen Unfortuantely the argument of spheres having 2-fields is pure algebra
18:10
Is there a point in trying to isolate a set in a set equation?
I feel it is not the correct way
19:01
@BalarkaSen apparently cheeger has some notes on critical points of distance functions if youre interested
havent looked at em yet
Oh cool
found the notes from shmuel's site
Thanks! I will have a look
nice
let me know if this is interesting cause im intrigued but wanna know if there's something cool going on before i invest lol
Yeah definitely
I will have a thorough look tomorrow
19:19
howdy, @Erico and a @Balarka
Hi @Ted!
Sure is quieettttt in here
@TedShifrin You may have seen above but the homotopy theory argument doesn't even simplify much for the case of 2-fields. I am very unsatisfied.
what is a 2 field
19:30
This stuff was in Mosher-Tangora, which I took third quarter my first year of grad school (and dropped in the middle). I've never learned it ... since it seemed to be all algebra.
I am being too lazy to say two linearly indep vector fields.
I'm fine with $k$-vectors just as with $k$-forms.
i actually only believe in k-vectors
@TedShifrin The argument for 2-fields extends immediately to a statement for $2^m$-fields. That's crazy. It should be much simpler for the case m=1, because the actual answer is much simpler.
19:32
@TedShifrin I am stuck doing point set topology assignment
I just don't believe that one can't get a geometric handle on 2-fields
Free thinking: If you take a small patch of a sphere in H^n and push it along geodesics radially emanating from a certain point it will grow flatter and flatter until it becomes a horosphere in finite time, when it becomes completely flat
This is Riccati comparison theorem in general yeah
If you have a very negatively curved space and you push a hypersurface parallely it becomes exponentially flatter
something like that
I haven't actually read the statement of Riccati but this feels true
@Mike: So should the Stiefel manifold of $2$-frames be inherently simpler than that of $4$-frames? I dunno.
Yeah? The guy of 2-frames is a 2-step sphere bundle, whereas the 4-frame guy is a 4-step sphere bundle.
Spheres are pretty simple.
Well, I'm just thinking of $O(n)/O(n-k)$.
19:41
@TedShifrin I'm back. I'm trying to do the same problem as before but vertically instead of horizontally. Here's what I tried
@Balarka, I've never thought about that. I suppose this should be a consequence of the fact that the geodesics spread apart predictably.
It sounds basically like the Rauch comparison theorem, which I've also never studied.
 Math.max(
        Math.min(
            largeWidth / numDevices,
             16 / (9 * largeHeight)
        ),
        Math.min(
            largeHeight / numDevices,
            16 / (9 * largeWidth)
        ),
    )
19:43
A friend was trying to explain Riccati but he was going off about taking covariant derivatives of covariant derivatives and I zoned out. I gather this must be what it is
I'll work it out at some point
First I have to figure out how countable $\omega_1$ is
@BalarkaSen classic riemannian geometry
@BalarkaSen not very countable
i cant listen to what anyone tells me
just have to do it
lmao yeah @Erico
19:44
any ideas?
that's galaxy brain facts
formal definition of "very countable" required
It's just countable, but countabler
its first countable tho
@TedShifrin To make a point, certainly O(n) is more complicated than O(n)/O(n-1). That's all I'm saying.
I can't decide if I should ask about a geometric proof on MO or if it's just too obviously hopeless.
19:45
Yes, sure. Anyhow, this is not stuff I have every studied or know.
@BalarkaSen It is
Until you close it at the end
@JBis: I'm not going to think about this any more. Literally all you do is switch the two variables.
What about second countable?
19:48
via the starchart what is Kolmogorov (T0)?
it means "not nice enough"
do you have to do separation axioms too?
Nope, just 1st, 2nd, Lindelof and separable
lol
Meh
It's not like separation axioms are very hard here to be fair
19:49
yeah
ordinals are locally compact hausdorff
oh btw Balarka
turns out we're gonna cover Nullstellensatz in my commutative algebra lecture this semester
so I will actually get around to it sooner rather than later
Niiice
@BalarkaSen Yeah
Pretty sure $\omega_1$ is more than Hausdorff but I don't want to think about it
locally compact hausdorff are always regular but definitely $\omega_1$ is normal lol
Nullstellensatz is the reason they're allowed to call it algebraic geometry
19:52
All the way to $T_5$ according to the book
COMPLETELY NORMAL
boi
It seems clear that algebraic geometry and geometric algebra should swap names
No way wtf
Oh I guess
I got confused
I think algebraic geometry is an accurate name, there's only algebra and no geometry
How is the latter part of your sentence related to the name
If it's algebra but done with some amount of geometric insight it's still fundamentally algebra, whence geometric algebra
But if you're really doing geometry with algebraic tools that's be algebraic geometry
19:54
I like geometry done in an algebraic way
they should just call algebraic geometry as "uncivilized language"
2
because thats what it is
lol (+1)
Just call it higher category theory, instead of hiding and pretending to be doing geometry
at least higher category theory is a meme
deformation theory of perverse D-modules is not even a meme
19:56
Deformation theory sounds like deformation is happening on some object. Maybe deforming a manifold?
deformation of character variety
thats what happens to algebraic geometers
You can't fool me, a @Balarka. You have no character.
that's out of my wheelhouse
@TedShifrin hey ted!
hi @Stan
19:58
@TedShifrin My character isn't reducible to trivialities
deforming a manifold is actually called a diffeomorphism if I understand correctly
Does anyone here know how to evaluate complex line integrals using Matlab?
unless you're doing random geometry
random geometry is literally very random lmao
they build models of random simplicial complexes all day
and take expectations
its so weird
A classmate of mine did a random surfaces seminar
He had some beautiful 3d printed models
20:00
I think it's damn cool
should the study of algebras be called algebraic algebra
imagine hitting minkowski space with random geometry
like fibrate that shit and make it crack
@Archer: I gave up learning Matlab. I don't think Matlab knows the residue theorem. So you're meaning to parametrize the curve? Just give it the line integral to do, having parametrized it yourself.
There should be a proper model of a random 3-manifold and there should be a proper statement for "a random 3-manifold is hyperbolic with probability 1"
I don't know enough to know the proper statements though
20:02
@TedShifrin I am not learning it..I just need to verify some of the answers that arent available anywhere
like fibrate the lines of const. time in the light cone, and then add a tension gauge on em until the universe spills its guts
Honestly any computation is already hard at the level of graphs. What is the expected first betti number of a random graph on $n$ simplices (easy)? What is the deviation (more complicated) ? What about a scaled limit as $n \to \infty$ (yikes)?
I tried these out once before, they require nontrivial probability
@TedShifrin How to give it the line integral?
@BalarkaSen you're forgetting I have a background in stats
Parametrize the curve and compute the integral the way you learned in multivariable calculus.
20:05
I have calculated p-values so many times
and confidence intervals
@TedShifrin I want the exact value of $\int_C 1/(1+z^2)$ where C is the segment from 2 to 2+i.
Well, that's easy enough to do in your head. What's an antiderivative of $1/(1+z^2)$? I assume you meant $dz$ even though you left it out.
@Balarka some GGT people also think a lot about random groups
yeah its gromov's theorem that in an appropriate sense random groups are hyperbolic with probability 1
didnt gromov invent random groups
20:09
@TedShifrin arctan(z) ?
Right.
Presumably Matlab can do complex arctan. Mathematica certainly can.
@ÉricoMeloSilva The real question is what wasn't invented by Gromov
To be fair he did invent pretty much everything in geometric group theory
20:12
gromov works in mysterious ways
who is this gromov?
There's an heretic among us
@ÉricoMeloSilva thats him yes
5
20:13
What's worse, I've heard him lecture and met him ...
@TedShifrin So the examiner just expects me to plug in the values?
@BalarkaSen yeah i meean to type "oh, my god"
Don't ask me, @Archer.
I think there's some other way to do this...I tried with triangle inequality, but that gave 1/3 as the bound.
20:14
Triangle inequality will never give an answer.
What course is this and what is the question?
Last Wednesday we had the first lecture of the geometric measure theory course and the professor just did an overview of the stuff we'll cover with some motivation, but at some point he was like "ok let's see one proof, every lecture should have a proof, even better if it is by Gromov"
anyone here familiar with sinks in dynamical systems?
@TedShifrin I mean Triangle inequality then ML inequality
@TedShifrin I have uploaded the pic of the question. It's a course on Complex Analysis
ML inequality is good for estimating integrals (typically as $R\to\infty$). It has no relevance here.
@TedShifrin What was he lecturing about?
20:15
@TedShifrin Oh, then is there any other method?
@Alessandro: There were several lectures over the years. I don't remember.
@Archer: IF this is an exam question, I've already told you too much.
Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; Russian: Михаи́л Леони́дович Гро́мов; born 23 December 1943) is a Russian-French mathematician known for his work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov has won several prizes, including the Abel Prize in 2009 "for his revolutionary contributions to geometry". == Biography == Mikhail Gromov was born on 23 December 1943 in Boksitogorsk, Soviet Union. His father Leonid Gromov and his Jewish mother Lea Rabinovitz...
@TedShifrin At least a hint? You've just told me ML inequality won't work and I should see the antiderivative for the exact value.
I'm not telling you any more, @Archer. Go use your brain. I guess it's a little late to tell you to study calculus.
20:19
Ok never mind, let me try more.
Good idea.
I'm not convinced that gromov has thought of everything though. What about Curtis Mcmullen
@AlessandroCodenotti what is in this course
what about integration Chad
@StanShunpike What are you asking about them
20:22
@ÉricoMeloSilva Sets of finite perimeter following Maggi's book of the same name
oh i like that book
Ok really about time I get done with topology
I mean set theory
The professor said that he wants to reach at least De Giorgi's structure theorem, and we will do more if time allows it
Noice @Balarka
Any cool exercise in your pset?
all routine Munkres exercises i assure you
can we lift the ban on number theory while you're gone? @Balarka
20:26
Oh, I forgot to ask @Stan what was sinking him.
number theory is banned until EnjoysMath solves twin prime conjecture
@BalarkaSen unfortunate
do you think Enjoys can do it?
@AlessandroCodenotti Every course should be a year long graduate course. If I'm going to do point set topology I should do it from Engelking and in-depth, no half-assed Munkres crap
I can be a graduate point set topology student for a year
If they pay me to be one
20:28
I think that might be overdoing it.
Year long because you should do Engelking's general topology in the first semester and Engelking's dimension theory in the second one
Exactly
crawls in a hole
I mean otherwise it's too hard to get in the mode. I can't think about manifolds all day and then sit down and prove a fact about a separable Lindelof space which is T_3 but not T_4
/rant
20:33
Would Gromov say that?^^
I do want to go through Engelking's general topology properly at some point
@BalarkaSen I have a solution to this problem
LAD
LAD
Recently, I have asked some questions about continuous-time Markov chain and received no attention. 1, 2 ,
3 , 4 , 5. Could you please have a look at them and give me some suggestions?
20:51
@MikeMiller @TedShifrin I am interested in systems of nonlinear differential equations where the components of the vector $\mathbf{x}(t)$ will have either logistic growths and exponential decays. I'm looking for a book that might discuss this.
@Stan: But ordinarily you linearize around the fixed points of the dynamical system to get started. Try Hirsch-Smale's beautiful book on linear algebra and dynamical systems for starters. (The later edition with Devaney I don't know, but it may incorporate more applied things of interest to you. Check out both editions if you can.)
Golubitsky & Dellnitz might be a good starting place, too, although I don't know that book much.
21:07
Hello all!
Is the following true?: $a+b>a$ with $b>0$
@TedShifrin maybe i should read hirsch smale since the world ended and i have free time
always wanted to
i always thought it was really bad that im a brazilian who doesnt know any dynamics
Yeah Hirsch Smale is a good book
ill add it to my too long project list
@Mike did you give up on reading jost w me
If p is a fixed point of your dynamical system on R^n and (Dx)_p: R^n -> R^n the linearization of the vector field at p then so long as none of (Dx)_p's eigenvalues are purely imaginary you should get exponential decay to p
@ÉricoMeloSilva No I just got busy
21:26
no problemo
21:53
@manooooh for real $a$ and $b$, yes.
@TedShifrin Is it a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, or a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat?
Love this reference
22:34
@robjohn the way the death toll is climbing there is no hole deep enough to escape.
@skullpatrol I wear a mask even if I am in a hole, if there are other people in the hole with me.
Perhaps, if they found a black hole we could all jump into, we may not suffer as much.
masks are now mandatory in all of Germany @robjohn
22:55
with a $5,000 fine for not wearing a mask
the (at most) $5000 are for store owners that don't make sure their staff are wearing proper masks
fines for individuals are like $100 at most, i think
there's also large variation between this in the individual federal states
Thanks for the info pal
23:17
If an $n\times n$ matrix, $\mathbf{A_n}$, is populated with integers randomly distributed on {-1, 0, 1}, what is the resulting probabilistic distribution of the determinant $\det(\mathbf{A_n})$? Essentially, if $X ~ \det(\mathbf{A_n})$ as described above, what is the pdf of $X$?
* $X \sim \det(\mathbf{A_n})$
@robjohn is this an allusion I’m missing? Good to see you, robjohn.
@TedShifrin It's the beginning of Tolkien's The Hobbit
"In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort."
23:48
What's so special about Hobbits that they only live in comfort?
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