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8:02 PM
(deleted, because I wanted to see where that was a quote from, and did an image search.... oops)
 
Would this even be possible?
1
Q: How can I compress /usr and mount it on boot?

NickDoomI run sudo mksquashfs /usr /usr_squash/usr.sfs -b 65536 -comp xz I add to fstab: /usr_squash/usr.sfs /usr_squash/sq squashfs loop,ro 0 0 overlay /usr overlay defaults,lowerdir=/usr_squash/sq,upperdir=/usr_sq...

 
Uh, Linux... "Let's complicate things!" ;-)
 
Because we can!
 
Why is Linux so hard? Why won’t anybody help me?
 
The OP had even ended the original post with this:
> It's unbelievable no one of you ever compress /usr. How do you do it?
Which is a bit too much. But I can imagine embedded systems or whatever where that could be useful.
And it's an intriguing idea, anyway.
 
8:05 PM
@Jesse_b HALP PLEAE, SO URGETN!
 
@Jesse_b Because Linux users are mean?
 
Come on, that's a perfectly decent question! The OP is far from clueless, at least they know about squashfs, systemd hooks and the like.
 
@terdon Yes, we're just being silly. Sorry. And that's more than I know of in Linux...
 
:'(
Bunch of heartless geeks, the lot of ya.
2
 
8:07 PM
Ah hey, @RuiFRibeiro, you might know. Is it possible to have /usr compressed?
 
One reason to not do that would be if any tool needed to uncompress /usr was kept there.
 
Live systems do compression.
What's the context? Using a system while /usr is compressed?
I think they expand stuff into memory when running.
 
@FaheemMitha See AU Q linked above.
 
Ok.
Hmm, he wants to mount it compressed? I don't get it.
 
Have an honest doubt troubleshooting network design questions are on topic here. These kind of questions without a drawing/diagram are not easy to visualize and answer. — Rui F Ribeiro 2 mins ago
 
8:14 PM
@terdon A renonable comment, when taken out of context.
 
That's... a fair point @RuiFRibeiro. I kinda feel it is on topic, since the whole thing is running on *nix, but I don't really know enough about netowrking to judge if the issue is down to the nix side or the routers.
@Kusalananda Oh, yes. I posted it here because he makes a valid point and I don't know.
 
@terdon Something for ServerFault?
 
Possibly. But is it really off topic for us?
 
Hmm, apparently not that exotic.
40
Q: Mounting a squashfs filesystem in read-write

Naftuli KayI have a Clonezilla installation on a USB stick and I'd like to make some modifications to the operating system. Specifically, I'd like to insert a runnable script into /usr/sbin to make it easy to run my own backup command to make backups less painful. The main filesystem lives under /live/fil...

Though that's not specifically about mounting the system like that.
Oh, I guess the problem is that the overlayfs is not available early enough.
 
@terdon From the point of view of finding an answer, it would be better suited over there. As for whether it's on topic here, I really don't know... It's not really off topic, is all I think I can say.
 
8:19 PM
Yeah. I just really don't know squat about networking so I can't judge.
 
@terdon Same.
 
@terdon I think that question is too broad if not off topic
 
I just pinged an SF mod to see if they want it.
 
Good call.
 
> Servers numbered 100, 101, 102, and 103. NICs numbered 20, 30, 40, and 50. For example, the second server's third NIC has address 192.168.40.101/24.


Already...what are you talking about?
 
8:21 PM
This one looks relevant -
4
Q: How to boot using a squashfs image as rootfs

SudoerI made a squashfs image from my system root, I want to put it on a USB drive among some Live ISOs, and make boot menu using GRUB2. What kernel boot parameters should I use to specify that Squashfs image as root file-system? I used this as grub configuration, but Dracut fails to find and mou...

 
> The first router's addresses are 254 for each port supporting each of the four networks
Oh really? When was router the first introduced?
 
@terdon They have a criteria regarding IT systems "in a business environment" though. We don't know if this is this guy's home setup.
 
@Kusalananda You mean maybe he's the sysadmin of the Kardashians?
That would be one hell of a home!
 
:-)
 
4 servers, multiple NICs, 8-port router. Nah, that's a professional setup.
 
8:24 PM
@terdon Fair enough.
See, you do know something about networking!
 
@terdon I agree that it's likely a business setup but I wouldn't consider it professional
There is a cable modem and ubiquiti device involved
 
@Jesse_b Which means? Is ubiquiti bad or something?
 
@terdon I think it is, but it's generally intended for home use and not businesses
 
A quick google search suggests they're not in the home market.
 
Not great management capabilities
 
Ah. OK, yes they are :)
Still, 8-port?
 
Not uncommon in homes. In fact a router that does switching is generally only useful in a home setup
most commercial routers I have worked with only have 2 ports, routers route and switches do switching
 
Ah. OK, but why would you need 8 ports for a home setup?
No scratch that, I can imagine cases.
 
@Jesse_b (need to do some reading now...)
 
8:28 PM
@terdon I would not use ubiquiti in an enterprise setting....and I am needing 8 ports at home, and nothing special here.
 
But all home routers (around 100$ or less) I've seen have 4.
 
@terdon Yeah generally when you need more ports you would get an inexpensive switch
 
@RuiFRibeiro Yes, I spoke too soon. I can easily imagine needing 8.
 
but 2 PCs, an xbox, and a few WAPs will require more than 4 ports
It's also possible that OP doesn't know the difference between a router and a switch
 
@Terdon SmartTV, chromecast, Apple TV, Wifi AP, cable modem, Lamobo PI, occasional port for Mac, rpi.....
@Jesse_b I honestly think that question has a lot of asking about networking concepts, including routing, and lacks on Unix meat.
 
8:31 PM
@RuiFRibeiro I really can't even conceptualize what OP is asking to know for sure lol
 
@Jesse_b A bit of same, and I am sure not picking up a pencil and paper to try to visualize it.
 
Most commercial routers will have the ability to install a switching module but they are usually best to just be purpose built
 
@Jesse_b One of those days I saw a complete cable CMTS from 10 years for sale on ebay....
@Jesse_b I would have bought it together with someone else
 
Although many modern switches are just shipping with layer 3 capability so in many cases a router is overkill
Unless you are an ISP
 
@Jesse_b You are forgetting layer 3 switches....catalysts for instance.
 
8:34 PM
^
 
@Jesse_b I already worked for several ISPs
heck, I am working for an ISP
lol
 
@RuiFRibeiro aren't most of those connected wirelessly? I have my laptop, a raspberry pi I use as a media server/backup device, a range extender and a cellular network range extender plugged into my router. Th chromecast is wireless.
And the router (modem/router) also acts as a wireless AP. Why would you connect your chromecast, smartTV and Apple tv to the router?
 
@terdon Wired connections are still preferred in most areas
 
I guess for better speed/stability for the last two, but can the chromecast even be connected with an ethernet cable?
@Jesse_b Yeah, well, those are the areas my girlfriend isn't found in :)
 
I think mine can but I know my roku can
 
8:37 PM
@Terdron I have not talked about the wireless stuff I have, only the wired.... ;) Speed and wireless interference....I have a chromecast pro, it is both wired and wilreless. I live near an airport, and have like 100 APs from neighbours around....
 
If it were up to me, everything would be cabled.
@RuiFRibeiro ouch
OK, my chromecast doesn't even have the option.
 
When I was running my business I had several customers hire me to run an ethernet cable to their xbox and streaming device
 
@terdon I bougth partially the chromecast pro both for being wired, and for being 4K
 
In most cases setting them up with a 5Ghz wifi network would have solved their problem but 2.4Ghz is too saturated in most populated areas and has way too much interference
 
@Jesse_b Indeed such is the case here.
 
8:39 PM
None of them trusted my recommendation to just fix their wifi
 
The thing is that when WiFi fails, it's much harder to fix for the non-expert.
When there's a wire, you can at least push the thing back in!
 
I think wifi is usually fixed by restarting it
>.>
 
@terdon @Jesse_b see my answer here, the graphic
89
Q: Why do WiFi routers do such a bad job of channel selection?

insysionWi-Fi congestion, especially in the 2.4GHz range, is a serious problem in some areas. It is widespread enough that there are many guides to choosing a less congested channel. E.g. https://www.howtogeek.com/197268/how-to-find-the-best-wi-fi-channel-for-your-router-on-any-operating-system/ Given t...

networks found: 136
lol
 
I think the auto channel selection is the biggest problem
 
@RuiFRibeiro Ouch!
That's a nice tool, by the way, what is it?
 
8:41 PM
Everyone should just hard set their routers to 1, 7, or 13. The other options shouldn't even be available
 
I have one like that on my phone but not on my pc.
 
@Jesse_b Indeed. You cannot do any resonable wifi survey with good results....
 
@Jesse_b Why? Because of the channel overlap?
 
@terdon paid....
 
Ah
 
8:42 PM
@terdon Yeah, if you are channel 1 you will only overlap with other channel 1s, but channel 2 will overlap with 1 and 7
 
@terdon wifi explorer....the pro is not worth it and too darn expensive.
 
7 will not overlap with 1 or 13 but 8 will overlap with 7 and 13
 
for Mac
 
@RuiFRibeiro Yes, that's what I have
For android
Ah no, sorry, it's wifi analyzer, no explorer
 
@terdon That's what I use on my phone
 
8:43 PM
@terdon here is better because more screen pixels
driving my screen at 2048x1280 normally for text
and because the fonts are a bit bigger like that
;)
 
@terdon I (ab)use Blokada in my android to not get those intrusive adverts....from f-droid
 
If you really want good 2.4Ghz wifi you need to illegally purchase a japanese WAP so you can use channel 14 :p
 
That's my situation. So, you guys are saying that my choice of channel 3 is a bad idea?
 
@terdon Yeah you are overlapping with everyone from 1-7
 
8:47 PM
@terdon your best choice seem 12-14 if you do have american bought equipment
 
I think we can only go to 11?
 
@Jesse_b I am runing 13 here, you cannot go up from 11 in the USA
@Jesse_b When my wifi had a sony laptop bought in the USA, I could not use 13....
 
@RuiFRibeiro Yeah, I know Japan allows 14 but it's illegal here because of some government radio frequencies it would overlap with
 
@Jesse_b I am in Europe ;
 
That does look cleaner! Thanks :)
 
8:49 PM
So I was wrong. It's 1, 6, and 11 not 1, 7, and 11
 
@Jesse_b yeah, it is 1,6, and 11
 
> The channels used for WiFi are separated by 5 MHz in most cases but have a bandwidth of 22 MHz. As a result channels overlap and it can be seen that it is possible to find a maximum of three non-overlapping channels. Therefore if there are adjacent pieces of WLAN equipment that need to work on non-interfering channels, there is only a possibility of three. There are five combinations of available non overlapping channels are given below:
 
@terdon my android is running on 5GHz....Mac too
 
Ah, what about the range extender which is set to broadcast a second SSID but is on the same network, should that be on the same channel as the main AP?
 
@terdon usuallly.....
@terdon beware of signal amplifiers....they also amplify noise.
 
8:50 PM
@RuiFRibeiro I had some issues with that so I turned it off. Some of our devices couldn't connect and there were just too many SSIDs in a small house for it to be worth keeping.
 
I would use a different channel but I think there are different types of extenders
 
@RuiFRibeiro yeah, I know. But old house with thick walls == no choice.
 
some amplify and some repeat
it may depend on which type
 
Hmm. Mine's a simple tp-link, one of those that passes the signal through the power lines and then acts as an AP
slightly older version of that anyway
 
How does that work for you? I need something like that for my workshop
 
8:54 PM
It's great.
 
I will be needing soon one for my bedroom
 
And would you set it up using the same channel or another one?
Someone told me the same channel is preferable since they're the same network. But it may have been only if they use the same SSID, I don't remember.
 
@terdon 5GHz do not cross well walls. Same channel
 
Ah no, it's 2GHz
 
The article I just read said use the same channel. I believe I was thinking about a multi-AP setup when I said different channel
 
8:56 PM
@terdon it depends on equipment....some routers make a requirement using the same channel....if using a different channel in openwrt you can make a cutoff that "after x" meters you drop the signal
 
I may just run a cable to my shop and throw a second AP in there whenever I get around to climbing into my attic lol
 
@RuiFRibeiro OK, but assuming I'm using regular cheapo stuff (tp-link, not the crap your ISP gives you, but low end) and they don't set any requirement, is there any reason to choose the same channel? Or any reason to not choose the same one?
@Jesse_b This powerline trick is really quite good and simple. I used to have a router in the living room and the powerline thing in my office and just ran an ethernet cable to that instead of having to run it all the way to the living room. Sure, it's not quite as fast as ethernet directly to the router, but considerably faster and more stable than wifi.
 
@terdon not much reasons.... wifi do not do handover, they tend to stay tied to the AP they are with, so no benefits on choosing the same SSID on iddferent APs
 
@RuiFRibeiro some managed APs will force handover based on signal strength but they are usually more expensive commercial grade equipment
 
@RuiFRibeiro OK. And any benefit to having the two APs share the same channel?
 
9:00 PM
 
My SSID is "IT_BURNS_WHEN_IP" :p
 
@Jesse_b Yeah, we used Cisco and Meru that forced handover. I am forcing handover at home with OpenWRT.....
 
What does that mean? "forcing handover"?
 
@terdon If you have an AP on the north end of your house and on the south end of your house both with the SSID "terdon" when you connect in the north end and walk to the south end it will not automatically switch to the south AP
 
@terdon when the signal is weak according to a pre-defined parameters, the AP drops it. In my case for downgrading it to 2.4GHz when I go from the living room to bedroom
 
9:02 PM
as long as it can still find any signal from north it will continue to use it
 
@terdon no big benefits on sharing the same channel unless the manufacter says you have to do it to be able to bridge them
 
I think that doesn't apply in the case of a repeater though
 
@Jesse_b I set a cutoff where when walking from my living room to the other side of the house the AP shuts me off 5GHz on purpose for falling on 2.4GHz and keeping having a good connection
Wife arrived from work....see you later on, enjoy your night.
 
@RuiFRibeiro OK. And any reason not to share the same channel? Will that cause interference? I'd like to have them on the same one since I can't find 2 channels with low interference.
@Jesse_b Ah, right. And can you force that? I'd love to be able to have my phone switch from networkA to networkB when I move from my office to my living room.
I know you can configure computers to do that, but is there a way to force the APs to do it for you?
 
@terdon It depends on the distance...they can cause interferences. Ideally you would use different, but if you have a lot of neighbours and a big house, you choose the lesser of the two evils.
 
9:08 PM
@terdon I'm not sure how to do force it from the device, but some of the cisco equipment I have worked with have the functionality built into the controller and it's pretty easy to configure
 
@terdon openWRT here has a cutoff parameter....
 
the one setup at a previous job was slightly over $500 for a controller and two APs though so not exactly home gamer stuff
 
@RuiFRibeiro Makes sense. Thanks.
@RuiFRibeiro ooooh... but I doubt I can get openWRT onto the range extender.
 
@Jesse_b OpenWRT does something similar, at least the image I have here.
@terdon I bought a specific TP-LINK model for having OpenWRT. It is 802.11ac but already old as we speak.
See you later, gentlemen.
btw, left my wifi diagnostic image....
earlier on.
tx rate: 878Mbps ;)
I could not go back to 2.4GHz.....
 
9:23 PM
@RuiFRibeiro wait, what? Does that mean almost 900Mbps download speeds?
No, I guess that's the speed of the LAN, not WAN, but still. Wow!
 
@terdon Wifi....I can do sustained 100Mbps for Internet though over wifi
 
Bloody hell. I get 10 on a good day :)
I should pay for fiber one of these days, but the truth is that I don't really need more.
 
@terdon And I only do sustained 100Mbps well, because I have 120Mbps....
 
Fiber, right?
 
@terdon we already have here 200Mbps and in some neighoords 1Gbps...I am not willing to pay the price.
@terdon DOCSIS 3.0, fiber until the distribuition point, coax to home.
 
9:26 PM
Wait, you mean you get those speeds from adsl? Is that even possible?
Ah, OK. That makes more sense
 
@terdon docsis is cable, not ADSL
@terdon bundled service TV+cable+phone....
 
Yeah, I hadn't seen the last message. You confused me when you said you didn't want to pay for it, I thought you meant you didn't want to pay for fiber.
 
@terdon I do not want to pay for 200Mbps-1Gbps lol
@terdon anyway, we are not that much at home, and we spend an average of 200GB-400GB data per month.
 
 
1 hour later…
10:35 PM
@Kusalananda: Do you think I should remove it? I think it may be confusing because the bash manual does say "Each clause must be terminated "
Of course less terminators = less chance of the machines taking over
 
@Jesse_b Your call there I think.
You could omit mentioning it and just leave the comments hanging there.
 
@Kusalananda I figured I would mention it because the comments could get deleted and that is a useful piece of information
 
10:52 PM
I'm sort of disappointed it really works like that.
terminators are so much nicer than separators
with them, you can just copy any one of the items in the list, terminator and all
with separators, not so much.
at least the final terminator is allowed here, so it's ok.
 
I'm surprised nobody gave me crap for my indentation style there. I don't see anyone else do it that way but I really like it. I think of the terminator almost like a fi in an if construct and therefore it would go in-line as the opener
 
I'm just too jaded to care...
no, not really. case is just, well, different. Yours looks fine. Indenting the ;; a step more is also fine.
 
I guess, I will still do it on the same line if the structure permits thing) command;; but if it's a multi-line command I like to separate the terminator from the commands. That's all preference though of course
 
I'll allow it. :)
 
> This style guide is strictly the wildly unjustified opinions of Jesse_b. You are strongly encouraged to disregard everything found herein. This guide is intended to provide a set of rules and best practices related to the styling and formatting of your bash scripts. As it is a style guide, one can be almost certain it will not accomplish this task. Instead it will contain a list of vastly arbitrary opinions that will serve as nothing more than an argument catalyst.
 
10:59 PM
hehee
 
(the opener to my style guide lol)
 
anyway, that bug in Bash's manual reminds me that the whole manual would need some good re-reading
 
@Jesse_b My SSID when I lived in Russia was: ФСБ-64
(FSB, the new KGB, appartment 64)
 
it's quite good in general, but in some cases it leaves out descriptions of perfectly defined things. And here, it's just incorrect.
 
@Fabby heh, I used to do "FBIVAN${RANDOM}" but that's quite common here lately. I also keep my SSID hidden now as I don't usually have house guests but also have a guest network
 
11:02 PM
I can't remember exactly if I had a list of, well, inaccuracies I'd noticed or if I just thought about doing some closer reading to find them.
 
Sorry, I was occupied by an interesting sed question...
 
@Kusalananda You better watch out before @JeffSchaller turns it into an ed question
 
case_clause      : Case WORD linebreak in linebreak case_list    Esac
                 | Case WORD linebreak in linebreak case_list_ns Esac
                 | Case WORD linebreak in linebreak              Esac
 
@ilkkachu I find it fairly well written, in that it is fairly easy to read
 
It's the last line there.
No case_list --> no case_item --> no DSEMI (;;)
 
11:05 PM
Not like that awful awk manual
Took me weeks to read that
 
isn't that last line just for case x in esac?
 
and I didn't retain nearly as much as I did from the bash manual
 
I mean, where does the pattern go...
 
@Jesse_b I was under the impression that a Hidden SSID generated more broadcasts than a non-hidden one... Looking for literature.
 
Anyway, this is clear enough: "The ";;" is optional for the last compound-list." pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799.2018edition/utilities/…
 
11:07 PM
@ilkkachu You're right, it's the one with case_list_ns then.
@ilkkachu Yeah, that's easier to parse than the actual grammar.
:-)
 
@Kusalananda, I was mostly wondering why Bash's manual would make that kind of an error, while the program itself accepts the version without a final terminator just fine.
 
@Jesse_b Not true...
Forget what I said.
 
@ilkkachu Easier to explain? I dunno. I'm trying to get onto the bash bugs mailing list to report a few other documentation bugs, so I might as well report this too.
Tomorrow...
Somebody stop this guy and get him to explain what his data looks like and what he's doing: unix.stackexchange.com/questions/502415/…
I'm too tired.
 
@Kusalananda I misunderstood his question at first but I think I got it now. Was working on an answer
 
He's extracting the line numbers for the lines he'd like to delete, and then he's planning on deleting those lines in the same pipeline.
He's loosing information through the pipeline. He should just pass the lines he'd like to keep.
ZZzzzz...
Good night!
 
11:17 PM
@Kusalananda: Good night!
 
dang, there's got to be an ed answer in here somewhere, but I can't answer right now
0
Q: Piping Multiple Numbers into Sed

AMBIs it possible to pipe a list of numbers into sed? The pipeline I currently have looks something like: grep -nP 'foo' file_full.txt | sort | awk -F'[:;\t]' '{print $1,$3,$9,$13}' | sed 'stuff' The output of this pipeline looks like: 15 32 12 505 190 1473 I would like to finish the pipelin...

@Kusalananda all it took for me was an email to bash-bugs (or bugs-bash, whatever it is) - no subsccribing necessary; Chet replied pretty quicly
 
@JeffSchaller I thought I subscribed to it yesterday from the web, but got nothing from there. Going to try again tomorrow. I want to be on the actual list too.
This is why the OpenBSD team wrote doas as a replacement for sudo. sudo was to complex to configure. This guy wants to allow users to delete files as root but he doesn't really know the syntax... unix.stackexchange.com/questions/502302/…
The doas.conf manual is just a screenful long :-) man.openbsd.org/doas.conf
Really, bed, now. Stop being interesting! :-)
2
 
11:36 PM
The OP thinks we will solve all their puzzles....it took me months to crack (free)Radius, and was not entirely stranger to it (and I have a networking brackground)...
 
Dammit, @Kusalananda I knew there was a pure sort way of doing it but couldn't find it!
 
@terdon These damn bioinformaticians...
:-)
 
I know, right?
 
Maybe I should have gone into bioinformatics
 
@RuiFRibeiro Neat typo: brackground. Brackish ground = shaky background
:D
 
11:44 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy "should have"? Last I checked you were still in college. Have you finished, by the way? Long time no see!
Anyway, you can still go into bioinformatics, there's a huge demand these days.
 
@Fabby sleep and damn dictionaries lol
 
@Jesse_b You mean Brian Keringhan's "The AWK programming language" book ? <_< :)
 
And knowledge of biology is helpful but not essential. A lot of the problems can be expressed in terms of simple text parsing, something you know how to do very well.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy No I read gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html
 
Tim
for using mawk?
 
11:45 PM
@terdon Haven't finished. Final project partner turned out to be . . . unco-operative and I got insomnia. So 3/4 classes last semester went into /dev/null
 
I could go into bioinformatics and them spam all of you for awk solutions... the possibilities are endless. ;-P
 
lol
 
At least I passed databases course, which is SQL and Mongo
I did a Linux app for final project, which makes use of SQLite and Python3
 
nice
 
And mongo is jargon in my mother tongue for idiot....
 
11:47 PM
@Tim That manual is written by the author of mawk who eventually went on to contribute to gawk. He wrote the manual to attempt to apply to most versions of awk
 
@Tim I think for mawk it's enough to read POSIX description, since it's as close to it as possible. Heard that somewhere, but don't quote me on that
 
@terdon You say that because you have knowledge of both... It comes naturally to you...
 
and I don't use mawk intentionally, when I answered your one question I happened to be testing on a debian machine that shipped with mawk. I normally use gawk
 
(pun intended)
 
@RuiFRibeiro So . . . along with brainf*ck we also have an *diotDB. The world of software development doesn't seize to impress with poetic language :D
 
11:49 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy ;)
Here there has been a star treck marathon on a local channel every day at night
 
I don't think I ever properly watched a Star Treck episode, only brief clips form movies and episodes on YouTube in videos that touch on the subject. And I think some of the "CinemaSins" reviews
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Cable is so shitty, that it is the best thing to see. If i had not bundled services on the cheap, I would not want TV.
 
I haz no cable ( ͡º ͜ʖ ͡º)
Praise be onto YouTube and Chinese TV series, along with gaming stuff
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy we have it bundled with Internet TV and phone. ironically if I want only Internet, will pay more for a slower service.
It is just beyond me how people still pay extra for "movie" channels, that are always rehashing the same 10 year old movies....
 
@RuiFRibeiro Talk about marketing tactics. TV companies probably pay ISP providers for that. So if customer wants just the internet ISP will still make money out of customer's pocket
 
11:58 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy nah, old monopolies here and huge interest groups/cronyism
paying like 29 euros for 100MBps Internet+200 channels+phone
If I want it unbundled, will be paying like 40 euros for 30Mbps only
 
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