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00:03
> Khantii: this important virtue, in fact one of the highest, can be translated as patience but it includes the virtues of forbearance, forgiveness and tolerance.
 
6 hours later…
06:12
A very good question:
3
Q: having emigrated VS. after emigrated

nimaMy research is on Italian settlers to the countries of East Asia . I, however, don't intent comparing between the conditions of these people having emigrated with their own condition in their country before emigrating. By the bold part I mean after the people emigrated . Would you please correc...

And this is my view and this is what I wrote in comment.
Can't share comments using apps :(
 
2 hours later…
08:26
Hi @DamkerngT. Busy?
Not too busy. :D
Good afternoon!
Good afternoon!
I was thinking about this "emigration" question
And now want to know if "after being emigrated" is correct or "after having emigrated"?
I think after being emigrated sounds a little uncomfortable.
It's as if they're expelled from their own country.
hmmm okay...but "after having emigrated"?
After having emigrated is fine.
08:34
But both "after" and "having" indicating a past occurrence.
Indeed! I think the sentence is awkward in several ways.
I think I may use before emigration vs. after immigration.
@DamkerngT. That is best.
Agree about after having emigrated. I think it makes the sentence sound clunky because of the lack of parallelism. (after having emigrated but before emigrating?)
But now thinking hard, in other cases "after having past-participle-verb" is not wrong.
But still sentence #c sound odd :(
> a) Having read the white paper, we have started to work.
> b) After reading the white paper, we have started to work.
> c) After having read the white paper, we have started to work.
Hmm... I think we started to work (or we start to work) sounds better in all sentences.
08:47
All mean the same thing. Though sentence #c sounds odd.
@DamkerngT. Yes right.
But sentence #c is at all wrong?
Between b) and c), though I think both are okay, I like b) a little better.
If it's, why then "after having emigrated" correct?
I thought "after" and "having" both are used to mean the action is already completed. So using them both is redundant, isn't it?
I don't think it's wrong wrong.
But I think most people would use a) or b).
> The Secretary may terminate the Conditional Designation Agreement prior to the expiration of its term upon his determination, after having given the Governor at least 90 days written notice of the State Agency's deficiencies and the corrective ...
> The amendment was subsequently ratified by Alabama, July 13, 1868; Georgia, July 21, 1868 (after having rejected it on November 9, 1866); Virginia, October 8, ...
> If there is no change in your relation to your fellowmen and your God after having read Walt Whitman, if a winter day in the woods is the same to you after having talked familiarly with Thoreau in his ...
I think we can paraphrase a), b), and c) like this:
> a) Having read the white paper, we started to work. (= We, who had read the white paper, started to work.)
> b) After reading the white paper, we started to work. (= After we read the white paper, we started to work.)
> c) After having read the white paper, we started to work. (= After we had read the white paper, we started to work.)
09:06
Great...yes agree...but can we use "being" in place of "having" in sentence #c?
You mean After being read?
Yes right...
Somehow it sounds wrong to me. Maybe it's not that wrong, but I like a, b, c way better.
Oh, oh, I know why!
It should be at least After being reading.
(I still like a, b, and c more, even with that.)
> Afrer being a popular personality, it's shameful for him to involve in those acts.
It means he is still popular.
> After having been a popular personality, it's shameful for him to involve in those acts.
No longer popular.
So I think "after being read" doesn't imply the act of reading is done.
That is my reasoning.
And for the same reason in case of "emigration" question "after being emigrated" is wrong.
Am i right?
@Man_From_India But After being read is not correct with a person.
I mean, he read something, not being read like a book.
So, I think After being emigrated sounds strange. It sounds like someone was being deported out of a country, rather than immigrating to somewhere.
09:21
nods
 
3 hours later…
11:59
Indefinite vs. definite past:
Why is this answer possible?
"Have you seen John?"
> a) "Yeah. I've seen him this morning."
> b) ?"Yeah. I've seen him yesterday."
Anonymous
Being emigrated does sound odd. I can think of a couple related expressions: being deported and being exiled
I think time expressions aren't perfectly aligned across languages.
Anonymous
Interesting question
Anonymous
Is it still morning?
Not sure. :-) Let's say it's early afternoon.
Anonymous
12:02
In that case I wonder if I might not prefer the simple past
More specifically, this is how Leech writes it:
Anonymous
Hmm, it's difficult for me to answer
> INDEFINITE TIME: [...] The point of reference may be specified in one of three ways:
> (b) By a preceding use of a Past or Perfect Tense:
> I saw / have seen him this morning – he came to borrow a hammer.
Anonymous
Part of me wants to say the perfect is still fine later in the same day
nods -- I think at least it should be in the same day.
Anonymous
12:09
Thanks, I'm not familiar with this topic
@snailboat He doesn't talk about have seen in that example, I think. I think his focus was on came. But the condition b) is "By a preceding use of a Past or Perfect Tense", so I think that's why he writes both alternatives there.
@snailboat I'm not sure if I deserved the thanks. I think it's more like you're helping me. It's my pleasure anyway, though. :D
 
2 hours later…
14:38
I wish I could type in Pali!
This may be a good start: pi.wikipedia.org/wikiपालि_Pāli
(I'm looking for the Maha Mangala Sutta in Pali script.)
Ah, that's actually the Devanagari script!
15:25
Hi @SandeepD
Hello, @SandeepD! I assume that you have a question about English or learning English. I'd like to recommend this room: chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/22937/ells-cabin.
Good evening @DamkerngT.
Good evening!
 
1 hour later…
16:42
From the book I am reading currently -
> It never occurred to her to complain but the lines lines on her face would have been more in keeping with a grandmother than a mother in today's world.
I expected that it would be either a grandmother's or that of a grandmother and a mother's or that of a mother.
Because it seems like the sentence is comparing a line with grandmother or a mother, where it should be compared with the lines of a grandmother's face or a mother's.
Why is that?
@Man_From_India Make senses.
I think it's about the phrase in keeping with.
I'm not very familiar with it.
> The modern furniture was out of keeping with the old house.
Oh! I think he was right. Furniture - a house; lines - a grandmother.
But the dictionaries give the entry as in keeping with something
Yes. But maybe it's not that strict.
@DamkerngT. Oh got it...
17:06
Hullo guys!
Cracks knuckles It's time to do some overflowing.
Now I'm going to find those words @Dam asked me to do so.
Anonymous
17:19
@M.A.Ramezani I can share some of my words of the day from while I was on vacation
Please do!
@Dam had two weird weird word requests back then
18 hours ago, by Damkerng T.
Another imaginary word that would be nice to know, if existed: the act of toleration, patience, and indifference to unpleasantries.
18 hours ago, by Damkerng T.
@M.A.Ramezani Come to think of it, it's a good word. Next request: a word for avoiding or excluding someone who is harmful to you or bullying you or harassing you. But I doubt if there is such a word.
Dunno if you've seen 'em.
Anonymous
Saltire is a good word.
Anonymous
So is endorheic.
Anonymous
And alstroemeria
Actually, I was thinking about khantii in Pali when I asked MAR that.
17:22
One by one!
looking up the three new words...
Anonymous
You might be able to guess endorheic by looking at its shape.
Absorbing water?
Anonymous
Oh, nice guess :-)
Seasonal?
@M.A.Ramezani Nice one!
Anonymous
17:25
I always remember rhein due to words like gonorrhea, amenorrhea, diarrhea
Yikes!
Anonymous
Which are spelled quite oddly
Anonymous
Even weirder in BrE: gonorrhoea, amenorrhoea, diarrhoea
Sorry to interrupt - is this fine - "I don't know of him/his leaving the town." I have seen only know of him doing in COCA.
But not with his.
Both are feasible IMO.
But of course, they're different grammatical constructions.
17:27
@Man_From_India Oh! -- That's quite counter-intuitive to me.
Anonymous
@Man_From_India See CGEL page 1192
Anonymous
It's like example [65] iii
Guys, stand aside. Something funny from meta.SE today:
-16
Q: Terrible issue with the StackOverflow rainbow icon

mattytommoWell, I love the icon it's nice to see some extra colour on it (I won't delve into the debate because I'm not raising anything about that :)). However much to my horror it seems there's a terrible mistake. I just off the phone with the grammar police and they have some deep concerns over the too...

@snailboat Yes I already read that portion...example [63]i is more similar
Anonymous
Oh, you think so?
17:37
Because in my example sentence and the sentence in [63] i, the him/his are a complement of preposition. :-)
I told just for that.
But yes [65] iii examples are all deals with objects of a verb. Here in my sentence also that is object of a verb.
Anonymous
Well, let's think about this for a moment.
Anonymous
> I enjoyed his [reading of the poem].
Anonymous
Reading of the poem has the shape of a noun phrase. Reading takes noun-like complementation, in this case an of-PP
Anonymous
It's a noun phrase. It's not a gerund-participial clause.
Anonymous
17:52
Reading the poem has the shape of a clause. Reading takes verb-like complementation, in this case a direct object
Anonymous
It's a gerund-participial clause. It's not a noun phrase.
Anonymous
The his/him alternation only shows up when it's the subject of a gerund-participial clause.
2
Anonymous
So, his and him are both possible in "I remember his/him reading my mail."
Anonymous
But not in "I enjoyed his/*him reading of the poem."
Anonymous
And we can tell that because the form of reading of the poem is not that of a gerund-participial clause
Anonymous
17:56
Now let's look at your example.
Anonymous
> I don't know of him/his leaving the town.
Anonymous
This does appear to have the shape of a gerund-participial clause. Again, we can tell because of the verb-like complementation. It takes a direct object, something nouns don't do.
Anonymous
So we can analyze him/his as subject, and we expect, unless any other rules preclude the alternation, that both forms will be possible.
This is a very good summary, let me read it again...
We could use a bookmark here!
Anonymous
18:00
That's why I consider it more like [65] iii than [65] i.
No no I was taking about [63] i
Anonymous
Give me a moment
@snailboat I read it quite a number of times but this is a bit odd...
Sure.
Anonymous
The relevant portion of [63] i has the same form as [65] iii, doesn't it? A gerund-participial clause with a personal pronoun as subject. It can take either form.
Anonymous
The gerund-participial clause is the complement of the preposition to in [63] i.
18:04
True...
I said it's more similar because in my example also it deals with the complement of a preposition.
Though the explanation is clear.
Ohh got it...@snailboat thank you :-)
Interesting thing...
> I cought him cheating in the examination.
We can't say his there...so what is cheating in the examination?
A NP or gerund participle phrase?
18:20
A complement?
Anonymous
@Man_From_India See CGEL p.1220
Judging from the above discussion, it should be a gerund-participle phrase.
I see it as
> I cought him (while he was) cheating in the examination.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Yeah, it's a gerund-participle thingy.
18:22
Yep.
@snailboat But in that case his is not possible.
Anonymous
Right.
Anonymous
It's what CGEL calls a non-complement gerund-participial clause.
So it has to be the verb enjoy that governs the him/his at times, along with the rule.
Anonymous
> I caught him.
> Doing what?
> Cheating in the examination.
Anonymous
18:26
@Man_From_India Enjoy takes an NP complement, not a gerund-participial complement.
Good to learn the fancy names; I typically know what I'm doing, but I can't name what I'm doing.
Anonymous
> I enjoyed [ his reading of the poem ]. ← his is the determiner in the NP, not a subject in a gerund-participial clause
Anonymous
> I enjoyed [ the movie ].
@snailboat Yes nods...can we say generally a transitive verb take a NP, and so use tge object form pf pronoun?
Anonymous
@Man_From_India Transitive verbs take objects, and objects are typically NPs
Anonymous
18:31
> She punched me. ← me is the object of the transitive verb punch and takes the accusative (or "objective") form me
I know such general approach is not possible in this case...CGEL lists the verbs...
Anonymous
But:
Anonymous
> I enjoyed [ his reading of the poem ].
Anonymous
In this example, his isn't the object of enjoyed.
Anonymous
The object is [ his reading of the poem ] as a whole.
Anonymous
18:33
His is just the determiner within that NP.
Anonymous
So it doesn't take the accusative form him.
> He enjoys reading poems.
Now here also his is possible.
Right?
Anonymous
> 1. She enjoys [ his punching me ].
> 2. She enjoys [ him punching me ].
> 3. She enjoys [ his punching of me ].
> 4. *She enjoys [ him punching of me ].
Nice star!
Anonymous
It means 'ungrammatical'
18:37
Yes thanks...
Anonymous
I use the big star from Japanese input sometimes because it's harder to miss :-)
@snailboat I know.
Hmm . . . I take it's acceptable to say
Anonymous
> 5. She enjoys [ punching me ].
> Thus something
?
@snailboat Who? Your roommate?
Knock on head and moving star will automatically appear :D
Anonymous
18:38
Sure, it's possible to begin a sentence with thus. It sounds rather high-register.
No, I mean something like
> Thus the unicorn.
Anonymous
@M.A.Ramezani Punch is one of my go-to examples for a transitive verb because it's, well, just so very transitive.
Anonymous
@M.A.Ramezani Sure.
Hmm.
But is this also grammatical?
> Thus a pancake.
Anonymous
Um. You'll have to come up with a workable example context to convince me it's possible for it to be felicitous :-)
Anonymous
18:40
But it looks grammatical.
I'm saying cuz I've seen thus the downvote(s) a lot but I haven't seen thus a downvote.
But that could've been incidental.
Anonymous
I think thus is much more commonly followed by a definite NP, though.
Since they did know about the downvotes.
Anonymous
Because yeah, generally when you say thus + NP, the NP refers to something in the shared universe of discourse, something previously introduced
Anonymous
I think that's a matter of pragmatics rather than grammar proper
18:42
@Dam are spam alerts on-topic in this room?
@M.A.Ramezani Spam alerts on ELL?
@DamkerngT. No, spam alerts on NSA's systems. Of course I mean on ELL.
I'm saying cuz if I alert somewhere else, there'll be no one to take the course of action.
@M.A.Ramezani Heh! -- Ideally, we would do that in the main chat room, but I think we're not that strict.
@M.A.Ramezani I think it may be the other way around.
@M.A.Ramezani I mean, if we post it there, people will (or may) handle it there.
Oh! Two spams!
Anonymous
Anonymous
This is what I thought you were going to alert us to.
Hmm. . . Let's do a grammatical parse of
> . . .and you still haven't realized how broad it is what you're asking. . .
I sense it's grammatically correct, but what is what you're asking?
Anonymous
A right dislocation.
Ask is a very handy verb. It doesn't always need an object.
18:53
Ah, I see. I think snailboat got your point.
Anonymous
Dislocation is when you pull out a noun phrase and "dislocate" it to the left or right side, leaving behind a pronoun in its place.
Yay! My comment is almost grammatical!
@snailboat Yes, I remember our discussion about it.
Anonymous
My mom is studying Korean. → My mom, she's studying Korean.
Anonymous
My mom is studying Korean. → She's studying Korean, my mom.
So, the former is a left dislocation?
Anonymous
18:55
Yes
Wondering if it's a resumptive pronoun...
Anonymous
The key is that there is a co-referential pronoun left behind.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. It's not resumptive because it's not part of a relative clause.
I see!
Thanks!
Anonymous
There are similar constructions which don't leave behind a pronoun. It can be difficult to distinguish them because they can have pronouns anyway. For example, the marked topic construction with as for:
18:56
Thanks @snail.
Anonymous
She's studying Korean. → As for my mom, she's studying Korean.
Anonymous
In this example, the marked topic my mom wasn't pulled out of the original sentence. The pronoun was already there.
2
This was interesting for the transcript.
Sigh Our downvoters are keener than our upvoters: ell.stackexchange.com/questions/60602/another-deviate-question
19:01
+1 -1. That's about equally, I think.
The +1 is from me.
Take a look at our first 15 newest questions, none are upvoted more than twice.
Leaves me the impression that ELL still is some way from healthy.
Anonymous
There's some meta discussion re: voting on, well, meta, if you go look
The new one with three votes?
Anonymous
19:04
I do downvote a lot. Almost 15% of my votes are downvotes.
Thanks but no, there's something wrong about the poster of that meta Q.
@snailboat A lot of answers deserve more and more downvotes on ELL.
0
Q: Was or had been

axomnaI have just started learning grammar and some of the rules are confusing, especially tenses. I am finding this one, in particular, difficult to understand. Which one of these would be better suited in, say, the following sentence? No matter what you say, I assure you I think that the evening ...

This is one of the questions that deserve a downvote, but I won't downvote it.
Anonymous
It looks like a relatively average ELL question to me.
@M.A.Ramezani Wait, why?
Anonymous
If I downvoted this sort of question, I'd be downvoting all day.
(Why does it deserve a downvote?)
19:06
I don't like questions that say is it better if I say this? without more thoughts from the OP's side.
@snailboat Agreed.
@DamkerngT. Research. Da tooltip says
> This questions shows no effort . . .
Hmm... I don't know. I think I don't expect much research.
But yeah, we need to downvote more! And it's very interesting how I just changed my mindset.
Anonymous
I don't downvote questions nearly as often as answers. I think it's important to show which answers are actively harmful.
Anonymous
I think the quality of answers is generally more important than the quality of questions.
Anonymous
Which is not to say that the quality of questions doesn't matter.
19:08
Yes.
I admit, I dunno how to vote on ELL yet.
@M.A.Ramezani Try to think in Japanese. :P
Wait, a languagy question popped: What clauses allow a comma instead of a relative pronoun?
Can you write a better question in Japanese? Something like that.
You can always write a better question.
FWIW, enough research always leads to answers.
@M.A.Ramezani An example would help.
19:11
2 mins ago, by M.A.Ramezani
I admit, I dunno how to vote on ELL yet.
Note that it just popped up, it's not a polished question.
Hmm... I wonder if it's really okay in formal writing...
Relatively simple questions can be very challenging.
I learned that after I saw the questions of a user in chem.SE.
Anonymous
That's a complicated question. You can post it if you like.
But in transcriptions (of speech), I think it's quite common.
Interesting. I can't put a comma instead here:
23 secs ago, by M.A.Ramezani
I learned that after I saw the questions of a user in chem.SE.
> I learned*, after I saw . . .
Anonymous
19:13
Those aren't relative clauses, by the way.
Anonymous
> After I saw the questions of a user on Chem.SE, I learned that.
@M.A.Ramezani This should be related to your comma:
4
A: Omission of “that” (in this text)

Damkerng T.The original text: We seem to forget that we all have some rights over the government. The government has come into being primarily to serve the needs of the citizen, which [sic] he as an individual or as a member of a small community cannot take care. It is important (that) we have an accoun...

Even more interesting.
Anonymous
Your two examples are structurally very different.
Anonymous
19:15
That isn't a subordinator in the second one.
@snailboat I thought I'd generally look at all of the clause constructions.
Anonymous
You're just saying I learned that, where that is a pronoun
Anonymous
In the other example, I admit works as an adjunct
Anonymous
> I admit, I don't know how to vote on ELL yet.
> I don't know how to vote on ELL yet, I admit.
oH.
I mean Oh.
Agreed.
Sorry, my typing speed decreased. I'm having noodles now.
Or it could be eating; I'm using a utensil (spoon).
Anonymous
19:18
You're eating noodles with a spoon.
Anonymous
Sounds difficult!
No, my mom always makes stuffy noodles.
Street vendors, on the other hand, make noodles look like water.
@M.A.Ramezani Like hot dry noodles?
@DamkerngT. No, it pretty much looks like
nods
I'll need both chopsticks and a spoon to handle that one.
19:23
BTW unlike what you may think, it's very delicious.
Oh, I'm pretty sure it's delicious!
@Dam another question (My god, it's full of questions): When should we use italic to mean emphasis, and when to use the bold font for it?
Hmm... that's a tough question!
Normally, I'll try italic first.
I'm afraid it's not an ELLy question though. Maybe it won't fit anywhere on SE.
Anonymous
@M.A.Ramezani Do what you like. Try to avoid causing confusion.
Anonymous
19:25
Some linguists use bold for emphasis and italics for the use-mention distinction.
Anonymous
I try to do this in answers.
Anonymous
When I'm just chatting, I sometimes use italics for emphasis because bold is, well, too emphatic for my taste.
Emphasis on emphatic
Anonymous
In writing, like in a story, I use italics for emphasis.
19:27
I sometimes feel italics isn't emphasizing stuff enough.
I also sometimes feel like saying enough enough.
I wonder if enough enough could be a correct construction somewhere
Could it be an instance of contrastive focus redup?
Anonymous
I find it difficult to invent a context for enough enough
70% confident that I've heard enough enough before. Probably in David Letterman's show.
(70% ~ not very high :-)
Hmm. . . CONTEXT MAKING UP PROCESS DEPLOYED
Anonymous
You could repeat it for emphasis, like: "Enough, enough!" = "That's enough already!"
Could enough be used as a synonym for adequate?
> The supplies weren't enough enough for the survivors to cut short their worried thoughts about food.
No, that doesn't work.
19:32
Sounds too formal.
Or maybe it does.
@DamkerngT. That's my brain! I can't blame my brain.
I imagine I could easily see something like that in a novel or what.
Oh! -- verifying...
Heh! I just made up that example. But a Google search for enough enough won't hurt.
Guys, this is interesting:
enough, enough, enough: archive.org/details/…
It's a cheat, I'll admit.
@Dam notice how high the graph is in the early 1800s.
19:41
@M.A.Ramezani Yes. It's curious!
I did a "enough enough" -is search on Google and all I get is music lyrics: lyricsfreak.com/k/kosheen/not+enough+love_20572659.html
I found another example, but it's more like "Enough! Enough!"
Dammit! This enough's enough's really clogging my ability to find something relevant.
"Enough, enough, enough with the delays."
The commas are making my butt scratch.
19:52
It's quite obvious that most of "enough's enough", "enough, enough" and other variants are mostly found in unpleasant contexts.
Yes. Like slime.

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