Hello @robjohn @DavidWheeler !!
We have the initial and boundary value problem $$u_t=u_{xx}, 0<x<\pi,t>0\\u_x(0,t)=u_x(\pi,t)=0\\u(x,0)=f(x)$$
We are looking for solutions of the form $u(x,t)=X(x)T(t)$.
$X'(0)=0\\X'(\pi)=0$
$u_t=u_{xx} \Rightarrow \frac{T'(t)}{T(t)}=\frac{X''(x)}{X(x)}=-\lambda$
$X''(x)+\lambda X(x), 0<x<\pi\\X'(0)=X'(\pi)=0$
$T'(t)+\lambda T(t)=0, t \geq 0$
Why do we take at the last two lines $0<x<\pi$ and $t \geq 0$ respectively ? Why do we take for $x$ as at the problem an open interval and for $t$ we take greater or EQUAL to 0 ??