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9:28 AM
I'm trying to prove that there exists $A \in M_n(\Bbb R)$ such that $Tr(A) = 0$ and $A^2 = I$ if and only if $n$ is even, but I'm struggling to divine why I need that $Tr(A) = 0$. Any ideas?
 
If you omit that, doesn't $A = -I$ work?
Think about the minimum polynomial of $A$. It has to be a factor of $x^2 - 1$
 
Your matrix is diagonalizable and its eigenvalues are -1,1. You cannot sum an odd number of those and get 0.
The possible eigenvalues are...
 
...and that should give you both directions
 
9:36 AM
That's classified.
 
@PedroTamaroff Is some element of it unclassified?
 
It's odd they have 1 reputation
 
@PedroTamaroff How does the classified thing work? If a bunch of non-moderators know about it, can a moderator talk about it then? Or is the information only allowed to transfer from non-mods
@DavidWheeler You go to 1 rep when banned
@DavidWheeler And get it back when unbanned
 
Alrighty, that helps a bunch. Thanks guys.
 
I guess they ticked somebody off. But if I'm not getting a steak dinner out of the deal, I don't care.
 
9:40 AM
@Understand As a moderator I cannot disclose information regarding a suspension.
 
@PedroTamaroff It's cool. You've got rules.
 
@PedroTamaroff Even if it is known already?
By a non mod
 
Well, I don't know what you mean by that.
 
@Understand I think it safe to say if Pedro says he can't tell you, you may infer he won't
 
I mean for example everyone knows why Bill D was banned, and thus the moderators could talk about it, so maybe as long as people already know why, you can talk about it
 
9:56 AM
It's conceivable that in one case to do so might violate someone's privacy
Or maybe the mods are planning a coup-d'etat. Shrugs
 
@DavidWheeler This seems likely
 
Math SE tried to trick me yesterday
It gave me an edit to approve that was written by a bot
 
@DavidWheeler That happens to everyone... it is an audit. People approve bad edits too quickly.
Is anyone else having trouble getting to main?
 
@robjohn Good morning .
 
10:12 AM
@Theorem hello. I looked at the question but haven't been able to comment on it.
 
@robjohn Ok . :)
@robjohn I just made some corrections .
 
@Theorem okay... I just got main back, so I will look.
 
@robjohn Thanks
 
If I have some $V$ as a 2 dimensional vector space, and $\phi: V\to V$, where some matrix $A$ of $\phi$ has a basis $\{v,v'\}$ and a matrix $B$ with respect to another basis $\{w,w'\}$

and I want to find $X$ for $XAX^{-1} = B$ the $X$ is going to rely on the basis right?
 
@Understand yes
 
10:26 AM
Can I have a hint for finding $X$? It's for an assignment question, so nothing big please(if you are willing)
Is it meaningful to say that $A$ and $B$ are diagonals of one another?
 
@Understand that doesn't mean anything to me. They are called similar.
 
Is it fair to say I am looking at:

$$X\,\begin{bmatrix}V_1 & V_2 \\ V_1' & V_2 '\end{bmatrix}\,X^{-1} = \begin{bmatrix}W_1 & W_2 \\ W_1'& W_2'\end{bmatrix}$$
 
10:48 AM
This necessarily diagonalises A to B right? Hence $W_2=0$ and $W_1'=0$?
 
11:33 AM
@Understand sorry it took so long. I was writing it up offline so that I could enter it here. However, I have added it as an answer to the question :-)
All those matrices take a while to type up in LaTeX
 
@robjohn Thanks very much!! I thought my question might not be interesting
 
11:51 AM
@Understand It may be a duplicate, and if so someone will mention that. However, the question is a fundamental Linear Algebra result.
 
hello
How can I calculate x1, y1, z1 and x2, y2, z1 if I know that the distance between two points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) is 10
?
Was it with adjacency matrix or?
and I also know this identity
(x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2 + (z2 - z1)^2 = 10^2
 
12:25 PM
no body knows? :D
 
 
1 hour later…
1:26 PM
watches a tumbleweed roll by
Hello @Balarka
 
Seen any interesting problems on the main lately?
 
no, but i haven't been following anything except the algebraic topology tag either.
what have you been studying, then, @teadawg1337
 
@Balarka Math-wise?
 
mhm
 
1:40 PM
Polylogs and natural logarithms, and manipulating series thereof
 
yuck
 
It is nasty, I agree, but it'll be that much more satisfying to find the solution
I wish I could go into further details, but this is definitely something I intend on publishing in the future
 
i find it rather ad-hoc to compute and manipulate series and integrals.
weren't you interested in number theory a few months ago?
 
Yes, and I still am, but this proof has been haunting me and I feel compelled to complete it
 
you should study a teensy bit of complex analysis, if you haven't already, and then read up bits on the Riemann zeta function. it should go well with your interest in analysis.
 
1:49 PM
The Basel problem is what sparked my interest in analysis in the first place
The approach I took forced me to learn about polylogs, and I've been fascinated by complex analysis ever since
 
cool. d'you know that $\zeta(2) = \pi^2/6$ implies infinitude of primes?
 
I did not
 
can you try to prove it?
as a hint, consider the Euler product for $\zeta$.
 
Sure, I'll get back to you once I've come up with an answer
 
Hello!
 
1:53 PM
Shouldn't take more than 5 minutes
 
shh @columbus8myhw ;)
 
sorry
 
and no, what you said is not enough.
though close
 
Is there a way to "whisper" on this chat room?
 
:P no
 
1:54 PM
Like, send a message to only one person.
OK.
 
i know you can do it, no need to convince me
=)
 
@Exterior Hello
 
hello
 
Euler's product is $\prod_{p\in{P}}\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{p}}$, correct?
 
yep
@Exterior thought about the snake map anymore?
 
1:57 PM
just got back from practice, so not yet
 
well, it seems complicated.
 
@me or @tead?
 
What's the snake map?
 
@Exterior i'm talking about the snake map
 
in what sense? obtaining a formal proof?
geometrically it is indeed obvious, I'd say
 
1:59 PM
that it is zero for the long exact sequence for $(\Sigma_g, A)$
i can't figure out what it does to the rest of the cycle, the bit not in $B$.
 
it doesn't matter, since anything not in $B$ is (intuitively) made from chains in $A$
which means it's in the same homology class as $A"\in " Z_n(X,A)$
(I might be wrong)
 
well, yeah, but how does that say it is sent to 0 by $\partial$?
ohh
 
is that an "ohh" of agreement or of your own insight? :P
 
May I ask what the snake map is?
 
as $A$ is sent to the boundary circle by the snake to the boundary, right?
 
2:02 PM
@columbus8myhw google "connecting morphism"
yep
 
right, makes sense.
 
I'm thinking about this in terms of $Z_n(X,A)/B_n(X,A)$
 
actually i was thinking about doing it by the long exact sequence of the triple $(X, B, S^1)$.
 
Oh, it's something in category theory.
I don't know any of that stuff...
 
no it's not @columbus8myhw. it's about homology.
 
2:04 PM
basically, the point is that any relative cycle which includes more than just $B$ can be decomposed into $B$ and stuff in $A$
 
yeah.
 
and the stuff in $A$ does not affect the equivalence class in $Z_n(X,A)/B_n(X,A)$
I'm just not sure how to formalize this trivial-looking statement
 
well, it's the definition of relative cycles.
 
the definition just tells me this thing is a relative cycle
I want it to be equivalent to $B$
 
well, maybe look at nontrivial cycles in $A$.
 
2:06 PM
Wait, are homology groups like when you have a disk with two holes in it, and you get a group from the paths (loops) that can be created?
Or with a torus, and you get another group from the paths you can have.
Or am I thinking of something else?
 
those are fundamental groups (homotopy groups)
 
These words are too confusing.
 
big words are always confusing, until you study it.
=)
 
then even little words become confusing
:D
 
2:08 PM
for example, i find topological quantum conformal field theory confusing, because i don't know what the hell it is about
 
@Balarka $\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{p^2}}=\sum_{k\ge{0}}\frac{1}{p^{2k}}\implies \prod_{p\in{P}}\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{p^2}}=\prod_{p\in{P}}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac‌​{1}{p^{2k}}$
 
eh
how's that supposed to help?
 
Yuck
 
@BalarkaSen I'll be in the AT room
 
2:11 PM
@teadawg1337 why don't you assume there are finitely many primes?
and see what that gives you?
 
Ah, good point
 
both works.
but yeah, the latter is easier.
 
Hey guys
 
Hello!
 
I wanted to study Quantum Mechanics
 
2:16 PM
Someone's talking about complicated stuffs and someone else is talking about less complicated stuffs.
 
Do u know which areas of maths should i brush up on
 
I think I'll put you in the "complicated stuffs" category.
 
This is what i will be studying for quantum
 
I think, if you can't do one of the problems that they give you at the start, that's what you should brush up on.
 
How much maths do i need for that
 
2:25 PM
@Balarka Derp, this is a simple proof by contradiction. $\prod_{P}\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{p^s}}:=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^s}$
Setting $s=1$ and assuming a finite number of primes implies that the left side would converge, and the right side would also converge. However, the harmonic series $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}$ diverges, which implies infinitely many primes.
 
Yep.
You can do this for $s = 2$ by noting that the left side is product of finite number of rationals, i.e., rational, while the right side is $\pi^2/6$, which irrational.
Contradiction.
 
Fascinating stuff
 
The point is that as you close towards the singularity $s = 1$, you see $\zeta$ revealing a lot of information about primes.
This raises the question of whether closing towards other singularities, say, $\Re[s] = 1$ would reveal further information about primes.
It indeed does, but the calculations are a wee bit tedious than what you have just done. In fact, one derives the prime number theorem from inspecting $\zeta$ around $\Re[s] = 1$
 
I'm all too familiar with tedious calculations :P
 
And, of course, "jumping" to the region $\Re[s] < 1$ where $\zeta$, in the usual sense, is all nonsensical, is all about Riemann Hypothesis.
@teadawg1337 You can have a look, but it assumes that the reader is familiar with a bit of complex analysis, so you might study that first.
 
2:42 PM
How does one prove that, in a number field $L$, if $p$ is a prime, $\langle p \rangle$ ramifies iff $p | D_L$?
Maybe there needs to be assumptions that $p\ne 2$ also, I don'r remember.
 
3:38 PM
@teadawg1337 Compute this one without pen and paper $$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{e^{a x}}{1-e^x} \ dx, \space 0<a<1$$ (it's not a joke, it's for real)
Greetings (btw)
 
@Chris'ssis Hello there :D
 
i guess my instinct would be to drop the odd part of that integral, and see how the (even) integrand looks as an integral from 0 to infinity
 
@Semiclassical Each one separately diverges. In his book Inside Interesting Integrals, Paul J. Nahin do it by complex analysis.
 
hrm. so to the extent that the odd part goes to zero, it's only in a cauchy sense
yeah, i was about to say that that's probably the right way to think about it
figure out how to make a useful closed contour, work out the residues of the poles at $x=i \pi n$ for positive integer $n$ and so convert it to a sum
 
3:50 PM
@Semiclassical rectangle contour works fine with some tiny indents.
 
right. in which case i don't need all those poles
so, yeah. the integral from $x=\infty+i \pi$ to $x=-\infty+i \pi$ should do the trick, and it gives the same value as the original integral up to a prefactor
so adding it to the original integral gives a closed contour around a simple pole, and you're basically done
 
@Semiclassical You need no pole actually. You avoid them by your contour.
(just apply the Cauchy's first formula)
 
i see your point. the poles are at $x=0, \pm 2\pi i,$ and so forth
 
Yeah.
 
4:20 PM
Who's the ice cream guy ?
 
4:51 PM
He's looking for a cone :-)
 
5:25 PM
@ɧɿρρԹʅȝՇԵՐՎԾՌ compute the integral above without pen and paper ... (is it possible?)
Ah, he's out ...
 
JSG
6:07 PM
Is it true that X_t is normally distributed if X is a martingale?
 
Hi @ted.
 
6:24 PM
How are you today @abe?
 
Right now, bad.
 
Oh? Why.
 
The usual things bothering me, hard to describe.
 
Try.
:-)
 
Try to what?
 
6:27 PM
To describe what's bothering you.
 
I will try to get better, but I won't try to describe it here.
 
I see.
 
6:52 PM
Rehi @ted.
 
Rehi?
 
He seems to be in this room but is quiet.
 
Heya @Ted!
 
Huy
Sup.
 
@ABeautifulMind Perhaps he is busy, since it's around time for midterms at many institutions (I would assume)
Hello @Huy
 
Huy
7:03 PM
Hi teadawg.
Midterms.
I'm glad I don't have any midterms.
 
7:16 PM
I am having problems understanding the topology on \mathbb{R}^\mathbb{N} any help will be appreciated..
@TedShifrin
 
Hi all. Can you help me on this problem on number theory: For a fixed integer n>1, show that all the solvable quadratic congruences x^2 ≡ a (mod n) with gcd(a, n) = 1 have the same number of solutions.
 
@zed111 $\phi(n)/2$?
 
@robjohn Do you know the proof?
Oh got it. It is using the primitive roots, right?
The powers of primitive roots form Reduced Residue System mod n and furthur using Euler criterion only half of them will satisfy
 
7:32 PM
Suppose we have $b^2=a\pmod{n}$, then $x^2-a=(x-b)(x+b)$, so we should have one solution for each factor of $n$ (if $n$ is prime, we have two solutions).
 
@SwapnilTripathi What's your topology?
 
I recall R^N={f:N\to R : ||f||<\infty}
 
@robjohn ODD primes
 
@BalarkaSen
 
Hi pal @part
 
7:37 PM
yes, but what is the topology?
 
@DavidWheeler okay... yeah.
 
He's got a norm, @Balarka, so the one induced by the norm.
 
Product topology
 
Or not.
 
@SwapnilTripathi huh?
:P
 
7:37 PM
I know, 2 should be called something special cos it just so weird.
 
I guess? I'm so lost.
 
Topology doesn't come canonically, @SwapnilTripathi. You pick a topology.
In this case, I don't see what your topology is.
 
Our teacher defined that in the class and never talked about it later. I couldn't find any online resource to it @BalarkaSen
 
and what did your teacher define it as...?
 
@SwapnilTripathi You have a set of functions-$f:\Bbb N \to \Bbb R$, you are probably using some specific topologies on $\Bbb N$ and $\Bbb R$, it would be nice to know which ones.
 
7:40 PM
Specific topologies of N and R do not induce a topology on R^N.
 
@BalarkaSen No, but it's a start
 
@MikeMiller: he defined R^N to be the set of functions from naturals to reals and finite norm.
 
For example, we might be using the relative topology on $\Bbb N \times \Bbb R$, given the specific ones mentioned.
 
Never talked about topology.
 
What's the norm you are talking about?
Probably he just means the topology induced by the norm.
 
7:41 PM
Euclidean.
 
?
How is $||f||$ defined?
 
one normally equips function spaces with the compact-open topology. when the domain is discrete, this agrees with the product topology, @Balarka.
@BalarkaSen I suppose he means $$\|f\| = \left(\sum_{n=0}^\infty |f(n)|^2\right)^{1/2}.$$
 
f(n_1,n_2,....)=(x_1,x_2,...)

Now \sum_{n\in N} x_n^2 <\infty
 
Yugh.
 
this is also known as $\ell_2$.
 
7:43 PM
OK, so this topology is just coming from the metric induced by the norm
What's not to understand, @SwapnilTripathi?
 
it's a hilbert space, @balarka. it's the least yugh thing you could get.
 
Ok, I've never heard that word (in class). Talking about hilbert space
 
@Mike Never studied functional analysis a lot, myself. It's in the back of Simmons, so I guess I could read about it a bit.
(Motivation coming from Grothendieck :P)
 
@SwapnilTripathi don't worry about it so much
 
Good night, @Mike.
 
7:46 PM
@Ted!!
 
morning ted.
 
Just before this question he was talking about R^n with product topology. More easy to visualize and work on, maybe. Suddenly he talks about R^N and I feel scared already
 
ps : i don't know how to show that degree of the map induced by the vector field is 0, @Mike
 
@BalarkaSen
 
that's a shame, @balarka
 
7:47 PM
Hi @Balarka, @teadawg, @Swapnil. Oh, Swapnil, your question is already being addressed. There are lots of topologies.
 
Hello Proffessor @ted
 
R^N has no relation with R^n whatsoever
 
hi skull
 
Hello sir @TedShifrin
 
I hate that notation, btw ... Please make the $N$ into $\Bbb N$.
 
7:47 PM
@MikeMiller =(
 
Rerehi @ted.
 
LOL, hi, Jasper
My office hour isn't too crowded. One student parametrizing a tilted circle.
 
What would be the open sets here? :/
 
You're chatting during office hours, @Ted?? Shame on you.
 
lol
 
7:49 PM
@SwapnilTripathi Where ?
 
@SwapnilTripathi A basis for the open sets of a normed space are $B(u,r) = \{v : \|u-v\| < r.\}$.
 
open balls in the induced metric @SwapnilTripathi
 
Well, @Mike, not when I have 10+ students.
 
*unions of
it should be pretty easy to enumerate.
 
What is the greatest number of students that has attended one of your office hours @ted?
 
7:51 PM
I have had to move to a classroom, skull ... close to 20.
It's because I can't teach :D
 
I will be following your multivariable calc lectures when I get to it, @Ted
 
you'll hate it, @Balarka :P
 
well, let's see ;)
 
some will be way too slow for you, but you can skip minutes ...
 
I'll be back in some time @BalarkaSen. Going to read a little on it (now that I know what it is called )so that I don't talk silly.
 
7:55 PM
Please reconsider doing a MOOC @ted you just have to combine and edit your already excellent YouTube videos?
 
@infinitesimal MOOC?
 
Massive Online Open Course
 
@zed111 My proof works for odd $n$, but the statement is false for $n=6$: there are two solutions for $x^2=1:\{1,5\}$, two solutions for $x^2=4:\{2,4\}$, but only one solution for $x^2=0:\{0\}$, and one solution for $x^2=3:\{3\}$.
 
@ABeautifulMind ^^^ (to be the best one is not necessarily my aim, but to be incomparable in the area of integrals, series and limit as Ramanujan is :-))
 
@Chris'ssis Hey thanks. I feel like shit now.
 
7:58 PM
Actually, skull, as it stands, I don't even have access to that youtube page.
 
@ABeautifulMind Watch the video.
 
But why?
 
wait a tick @Mike.
 
@Chris'ssis I am so afraid I may never get well, so afraid...
 

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