\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\makeatletter
\def\mynodedistance{\tikz@node@distance}
\def\separe#1and#2{x is #1, y is #2}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance=0.5cm and 3cm]
\node[red](red) {\mynodedistance};
\node[blue, below=of red]{\expanded{\noexpand\separe\mynodedistance}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}