English Language & Usage: Multi-Layered Discourse Room - 2023-12-23

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alphabet

01:34

Holiday phonetics game: Count how many people (or singers of Christmas music) pronounce Santa as Sanna [sɛəɾ̃ə]

Sanna Claus is Comin' To Town

Robusto

02:12

Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town

You have to go pretty far back before you get the "t" in Santa.

CowperKettle

Вася Club "Хей Джо" с фееричной подтанцовкой из зала)

Ukrainian cover of Jimi Hendrix, in Ukrainian

> Хей, Джо, цвинтар ще далеко, чого плачеш, Джо?
Хей, Джо, пролітав лелека, буде спека, Джо

Robusto

@CowperKettle Hey Joe, where you goin' with that gun in your hand?

CowperKettle

@Robusto Yes, and so masterfully translated into Ukrainian

Вася Club - Хей, Джо!

CowperKettle

02:42

user image

A website for turning YouTube songs to mp3 offers outlandishly large file sizes.

For a song lasting only a couple minutes it calculates 71 mb

I've been using this site to get loads of songs, but only now noticed this. ytmp3cut.com

Robusto

@CowperKettle Trojan horses add to the size.

CowperKettle

@Robusto I think so. But how do you lauch a horse from inside an mp3?

Robusto

If you have to ask, it's probably too late.

CowperKettle

And neither of my antivirus programs screamed at me for the presence of such files.

Antiviral programs routinely check all downloaded stuff.

I'll try Malwarebytes

D'oh.

Vikas

03:40

user image

2 hours later…

Cerberus

05:25

@CowperKettle You normally can't. Besides, they are usually not large files.

Cerberus

05:39

So those file sizes are just weird. An MP3 at basic quality would be around 1 MB/minute?

5 hours later…

Vikas

10:20

@Cerberus I have many songs of duration around 4-5 minutes each and size is also around 5 MB.

2 hours later…

M.A.R.

12:00

@Robusto how much? I thought they didn't take too much space

@Cerberus 128k, yes. 320k is around 3-5 MB/min IME. FLAC/lossless is pretty heavy, around 10 MB/min

Depends quite a bit on the song too of course

@CowperKettle I think it's probably useless (?) Metadata

jlliagre

12:17

@Mitch Actually not only. A teenager here knows them and pronounces the brandname /œg/.

CowperKettle

12:40

> .. one regiment of flankers of the Young Guard made up of youths barely out of school, had come all the way from Paris to Vitebsk with only a single day’s rest at Mainz and another at Marienwerder. Some units were marched for thirty-two hours at a stretch, with only a couple of hours’ rest in brief intervals, covering as much as 170 kilometres.

From a book on Napoleon's 1812 campaign.

I can't imagine walking with a soldier's backpack (and rifle?) for 32 hours at a stretch. I would die.

Maybe for a single bout of this. Not from Paris to Vitebsk. I can't believe it's possible.

My longest bicycle ride was 168 km, and I felt half dead at the end, although there were stops with some snacking on the way, and walking to look at the sights. And that was without a soldier's backpack, rifle, and on a level asphalt.

I spent the next two days without venturing outside.

user image

Today it would take 508 hours at 5 km/h to walk the 2245 km from Paris to Vitebsk

2 hours later…

alphabet

14:19

@Robusto Or just outside of North America

British Santa, Canadian Sanna

(Actually, that British version has one instance of Sanna; this change is spreading across the Atlantic, as I recall.)

Robusto

15:17

#Worldle #701 1/6 (100%)
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🎉
⭐⭐⭐🏙️📐
https://worldle.teuteuf.fr

Wordle 917 5/6

⬛⬛⬛🟨⬛
🟩⬛🟩⬛⬛
🟩🟨🟩⬛🟩
🟩⬛🟩🟩🟩
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩

Weak.

Laurel

15:53

@alphabet So far I'm at 0 because I only was paying attention to one song that had "Santa" and apparently Ariana Grande has impeccable pronunciation

I was going to try counting how many people don't pronounce the T in Christmas but I think that's actually everyone

Vikas

16:06

@Laurel Isn't T silent?

Robusto

@Laurel Cf, listen, glisten, thistle, whistle, etc.

Lambie

@Mitch Ugg boots. But here's the thing in Massachusetts: You get teenage girls in Ugg boots and pajama bottoms, older and younger guys in bermuda shorts (mostly in SUV "trucks", and women with polished toenails all wandering around in the middle of winter. It is so freaking weird. Oh yeah, I forgot: All the ice-coffee drinkers when it's zero degrees outside. For the pajama bottoms, it's mostly kids and men. You don't see women so much out there in pajama bottoms.

Anyway, last call: alphabet, Mitchie, me and Laurel. Will be meet up or not? If I do not get a response, I promise I won't mention it again.

tchrist

Santa Claus Is Comin To Town 1970 (1080p Bluray)

Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby - The Christmas Song (1957)

The Beach Boys - Little Saint Nick

Nat King Cole - Christmas Songs (full album)

CHRISTMAS CARTOON: Hardrock, Coco and Joe: The Three Little Dwarfs (1951) (HD 1080p) | Stuart Hamble

alphabet

16:22

@Laurel The "Sanna" pronunciation is related to /nt/-flapping in American English; many people also don't pronounce the /t/ in center or identical or incidental

The "Christmas" thing is a separate phenomenon (alveolar plosive elision); it's why most of us also don't pronounce the /t/ in exactly.

tchrist

Watch the Fred Astaire movie and you'll see how only the little kids use the "sloppy" pronunciations, be it that word or elsewhere. The grown ups all have a T there.

alphabet

In which word?

tchrist

Santa. The one without the T is used by little kids.

alphabet

Mariah Carey uses it. Just based on examples I've heard recently, I think both are about equally common among adults.

tchrist

Trash pop idols again? Sheesh!

alphabet

16:27

My point is: I'm pretty sure you're underestimating how common this is among adults.

tchrist

Nobody is going to accuse the Beach Boys of being well elocuted, but even they have have some version of T there in theirs.

Laurel

@Robusto Those aren't Christmas words!!! Mistletoe lol

alphabet

Certainly many of us don't put a /t/ in center, so it's unsurprising that Santa would lose its /t/ also.

tchrist

No public speaking awards for you.

Nor singing either, for that matter.

Laurel

@alphabet I wonder if anyone's doing that non-rhotically

alphabet

16:29

I say Sanna and cenner and idennical and incindennal and annihistamine.

tchrist

SantaLand Diaries: David Sedaris

Laurel

@tchrist All I can imagine is a raccoon yodeling

alphabet

@Laurel /nt/-flapping is more common in American English, which of course is usually rhotic, but I'm sure somebody has both.

tchrist

@alphabet You can get that impediment fixed. Licensed speech therapists are available even for late adolescents.

alphabet

@tchrist I take it you harbor some resentment over the matter?

Laurel

16:32

I think my problem is that I'm tuning out the words in these songs. It's just like background noise

@tchrist C'mon guys, try to get along with each other…

alphabet

And cannaloupe and painner and tennacle and ennertainment.

tchrist

It's one thing to have mumbled words from semi-intoxicated pub patrons. It's quite another to present that same approach in public addresses meant to be understood and listened to more broadly.

alphabet

This is just standard AmE. Maybe it's more common in some regions or demographic groups, though.

tchrist

Anyone who has had formal training in public speaking, or classical singing for that matter, will have had those habits corrected.

alphabet

I've never heard of anyone being told that this is "wrong."

Laurel

16:37

@tchrist Meh, I would just speak like I normally do. I don't like being told to talk like everyone else

I don't think my public speaking class in college even mentioned anything like this tho

Oh but I am reminded that you should be careful when enunciating "bet you" which is something I misheard in a song the other day lol

Lambie

According to this young lady: When the letters “n” and “t” occur next to each other, and they are between vowels, and the second vowel is in an unstressed syllable, you can use a nasal flap instead of the true T sound. sandiegovoiceandaccent.com/american-english-consonants/…. santa is stressed on the second syllable whereas center is stressed on the first.

tchrist

Try competing in the Oratory or Declamation categories in high school Forensics competitions. You have to speak clearly.

Laurel

I don't think they would like that lol, I'm a grown ass adult

alphabet

Or tannamount or rennal or dainny.

@Lambie Santa is usually stressed on the first syllable. It's not "san-TUH."

tchrist

@Laurel That's a good example of this. There are contexts in which betcha and didja are perfectly appropriate, and others in which they certainly are not.

Lambie

16:41

I think we sometimes forget that we all speak fast at one point or another and we also speak more slowly and articulately (ambiguity works here). So, even within an individual's speech patterns, there is a lot of leeway.

tchrist

Register.

Lambie

@alphabet Well, I said it several times and it seems to be that it is san-TUH.

alphabet

Indeed. Some people do this sort of thing more when speaking rapidly or informally. But many--probably most--of us do /nt/-flapping regardless of context in at least some words.

Laurel

@tchrist That's not really the closest spelling to the pronunciation I was thinking of XD

alphabet

@Lambie Dictionaries all agree with my pronunciation; I think yours is uncommon.

tchrist

16:45

She is not saying that it is stressed on the final syllable. She is stressing that she has a T there.

Lambie

In any case, let's not over-exaggerate the nt thing. New Yorkers may say: The ren-al and that awful nasalization (the word ending up as a backburst and front burst with nothing in the middle) but for me the t in rental is always there.

tchrist

Yup.

Lambie

Thanks, tchrist. That is correct.

alphabet

I'm sure that's true for you, in that particular word.

But plenny of people don't say all those /t/s.

(Of course, it's not as simple as dropping the /t/; rather, in those contexts both /n/ and /nt/ turn into [ɾ̃], which sounds more like [n] than [nt].)

tchrist

In dese pose litchrite haitches.

Speech has register just as much as writing does. Even singing has register.

Lambie

16:51

If you slow down the speech of a relatively well-educated person who doesn't say all those t's in fast speech, you will get a weird sounding slower speech from the same person.

alphabet

Do you have a source for the claim that teachers of elocution specifically advise avoiding /nt/-flapping?

tchrist

@alphabet Being personally reprimanded for it in high school speaking contests.

alphabet

If you try to sound out individual words in isolation, it's quite likely you'll inadvertently add back in the /t/s that you'd omit in ordinary speech.

tchrist

Just like I wasn't allowed to say dint for didn’t. You'd lose points for sloppy mumbling.

SmokeDetector

[ SmokeDetector | MS ] Email in answer, link at beginning of answer, potentially bad keyword in answer (116): How to write Vietnamese names in English correctly? ("Việt Nam" to "Vietnam" or "Viet Nam"?)‭ by 97winltd‭ on english.SE

alphabet

16:55

@tchrist Huh. I'm rather surprised, given how ubiquitous this is, at least among people I know. I think the teachers are fighting a losing battle.

Including when speaking slowly/carefully/publicly/formally.

Lambie

Speech has a speed. How do I know? I am an interpreter, that's how. And people speak somewhat (either more or less) differently when going fast or slowly. Connected speech from the same person can sound very different depending on the speech flow speed.

tchrist

Being told as a kid that it makes you sound like some hillbilly yokel who never went to school is remarkably curative.

That's just one of the ways that regional accents are molded back into some sort of broadcast standard form.

alphabet

Hmm. Certainly it's so common among educated speakers now that it's lost that connotation except in the minds of a few.

Lambie

Personally, I prefer sounding like biker trailer trash. [side note: I've been watching the latest Fargo, and can hardly understand what they say and it's not because of the nt's.\

tchrist

Listen to Fred at the start of this, his elocution:

Santa Claus Is Comin To Town 1970 (1080p Bluray)

He's not British. He was born in Nebraska.

Lambie

16:59

Funny thing, say this: Do you wanna go? Sure, I wanna go. OR Sure, I want to. Suddenly, the t comes back to life. All kinds of stuff like that happens all the time. Because we wouldn't say: Yes, I wanna to go.

tchrist

And he says all his T's.

The only Sannas in that movie are from the little kids.

Laurel

@tchrist I don't know, I think I'd rather sass them back. If I could go back and do school again I'd have a witty retort for "I don't know, can you use the bathroom?"

tchrist

@Lambie "Wanna" is just one pronunciation of want to that occurs in certain registers. That's why it's in eye-dialect.

alphabet

@Lambie Indeed. A similar phenomenon: "You said she's going to the party?" "Yes, she is." (Not: "Yes, she's.")

Laurel

What about the T in front?

tchrist

17:03

The T in front of what?

Laurel

Heh use mention non-distinction

Lambie

Not the same phenomenon at all.

tchrist

That one's in back.

Laurel

front

@Lambie But is it? What about in "front of"?

tchrist

In front of always has a T — except when it's in frunna yer face. :)

alphabet

17:04

This only happens before vowels (among other restrictions), so the /t/ can disappear in frontal but not in front, unless you put a vowel afterward, e.g. in the phrase in front of it.

Laurel

What about "front door"

Lambie

@tchrist Mandei o correo pra você e você não respondeu.

tchrist

@Lambie yeah yeah

Sorry.

I shall do so before Christmas.

It's long.

I understand that you're trying to be complete, and so it needed to be long.

Lambie

Por favor, é importantíssimo pra mim. Long story but short overall phenomenon.

tchrist

Just need to find space in my head for all of it to justly respond.

Lambie

17:07

Ok, I get it. No worries. Thanks.

tchrist

@Laurel It depends on the register and context what exactly happens there.

alphabet

I have been wondering why this doesn't happen (at least when I talk) in the word minty. I'd attribute it to the morpheme boundary, but flapping does occur in painter. Maybe it's just because the homophony with mini would lead to too much ambiguity.

tchrist

Regressive assimilation is likely to cause fusion under allegro rules.

Lambie

@Laurel Someone asked a similar question to yours, which, of course, I cain't [haha]remember now. fron+door would be common when speaking fast.

alphabet: Because minny would not be understood at all.

tchrist

Compare what happens in send text versus in front door, and why.

Robusto

17:11

@Laurel No, but they do drop the /t/ after the /s/.

tchrist

youglish.com/pronounce/front%20door/english?

Hit the fast-forward button every time you hear front door to skip to the next instance of that.

Or the "skip forward" button, rather.

Most of them at the start all have a T there. Why that might be I leave as an exercise for the thinker.

I haven't hit one yet that's using it attributively.

Which would change the stress pattern.

alphabet

I say fron[ʔ] door, apparently because of a conspiracy.

tchrist

Check the Youglishers.

I listened to 20 of them. The sequence it presented me with had at most one or two in which a distinct T wasn't clearly heard, and even those are arguable. This was true in both American and English speakers.

alphabet

Yeah, my pronunciation in that case is uncommon, since T-glottalization in AmE is a fairly recent innovation and hasn't spread that widely.

tchrist

The elephant in the room is that these are all people making public speeches. That may subconsciously cause them to be more careful with their diction than they would mumbling to themselves in their sleep.

Because, and this is what I am trying to stress in all this, the public-speaking context is a register different from the one used in casual conversation among drinking buddies or playground pals. So you have a sampling bias if you don't take that into account.

It by no means is all completely formal, either.

Please listen to a few dozen of them in quick succession so that you can see what I mean.

Lambie

17:24

In front door, the t disappears if you say it fast.

I'm running out of urine. [joke]

tchrist

The unreleased T fuses into the following voiced D.

Even for the ones speaking quickly in those many clips, you can still usually hear it. This surprises me.

So either I'm imagining hearing something that isn't there, or else there are other factors in play here. Or both.

Lambie

Yes, another way of saying it. But I dunno. For me, the t disappears altogether. Didya open the fron door?

tchrist

@Lambie Do you have a glottal stop there instead?

This feels like somewhere that should be subject to T-glottalization.

So it's fron-door, not frondoor, if you would.

There's a little break between the words.

Lambie

Well, lemme ask my nexdoor neigbor.

tchrist

So, in attributive position this will be much more common.

Lambie

17:28

Sure, fron-door.

tchrist

A next-door neighbor vs I'm going next door.

Lambie

No, both in fast speech. I'm going nex-door [ha ha] to see the dog.

tchrist

When you use next door or front door "attributively" to modify a noun following them, the stress pattern changes and they become more subject to reductions that don't necessarily happen as often when you have next DOOR or front DOOR with the second word stressed.

Lambie

For pete's sake, I know what attributive means. But the context is often longer speech utterances in any case. My nex-door neighor is an ass. I'm going nex-door to see him. Of course, "Did you open the FRONT door or the BACK door, little Johnny?".

tchrist

Adjacent stops are always going to be harder to enunciate in fast speech, especially those at the same articulation point; stop basket, squat toilet, background, cupboard.

If you don't say kubberd people won't know what you're saying. :)

can't deliver vs can deliver

alphabet

17:36

Plenty of people drop the /t/ from next before a variety of consonants (next part, next lane, etc.)

tchrist

Triple consonant clusters tend that way.

Because you're adding a fourth one to the mix.

Sixths and twelfths, anybody? :)

alphabet

This is a phenomenon specific to /t/ and /d/: englishpronunciationmadrid.com/elision-of-t-and-d

tchrist

There's something cheeky about learning what happens to final T or D from a place with [maˈðɾiθ] in their name. :)

Lambie

Close but no cigar. Ha ha. Squat toilet? Turkish no doubt...aha: the p in cupboard is silent. Did you reveal something about yourself there?

tchrist

@alphabet Yes.

@Lambie Um, no, I don't say the P in cupboard. It's in some answer of mine.

100

A: Why is "cupboard" pronounced with a silent "p"?

There are several factors in play here. Difficult consonant clusters are often reduced in rapid speech or over time; think of friendship, spendthrift, twelfth, months. Much of the difference between an unvoiced and a voiced stop in English is actually not its voicing but its...

Lambie

17:45

Now my urine has definitely run out. Maybe I should drink some water.

tchrist

Urine luck then.

Lambie

What's happening in background, cupboard are completely different. cupboard is not good example.

tchrist

raspberry

Lambie

No one says the p in cupboard. I will tell you a short story: I dated a gold-medal-for-English-writing Greek guy (not English mother tongue) in college and the only word he misprounced in English in two years was "cupboard" by pronouncing the p.

cupboard is like would and should. Native speakers know the l's are silent and the p is silent.

Actually, my husband (a Spanish speaker) says cutely: raspaberry.

tchrist

Epenthesis.

Lambie

17:50

Anyway, silent letters are a holenother storey.

tchrist

A holy one.

Best saved for evening.

Nochebuena, in fact.

silent letters, holy letters

Lambie

Also, cheesmonk for chipmunk. Part of the issue is deafness so I have to stand in front of him and exaggerate the sounds for him to hear them. Most final t's. Report becomes repor. Ha.

Laurel

18:10

I heard "silen nigh" from this guy who seems to never pronounce the ends of many words

Lambie

18:32

That's typical of Spanish speakers since their words end in ta, te, to etc. Only Catalan has final t's like that.

Laurel

18:54

He's American. He probably doesn't even know any Spanish

1 hour later…

CowperKettle

20:17

user image

3,500-year-old fruit cake, from the Tomb of Hatnefer and Ramose. Thebes, Egypt, 1492–1473 BC

Robusto

20:30

@CowperKettle And another:

Akhenaten (pronounced ), also spelled Akhenaton or Echnaton (Ancient Egyptian: ꜣḫ-n-jtn ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy, pronounced [ˈʔuːχəʔ nə ˈjaːtəj], meaning 'Effective for the Aten'), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning c. 1353–1336 or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Before the fifth year of his reign, he was known as Amenhotep IV (Ancient Egyptian: jmn-ḥtp, meaning "Amun is satisfied", Hellenized as Amenophis IV). As a pharaoh, Akhenaten is noted for abandoning Egypt's traditional polytheism and introducing Atenism, or worship centered around Aten. The views of Egyptologists differ...

Laurel

20:50

Now I'm listening to a song where this woman appears to be saying "Chrishmas". Not to be confused with the song where another woman mentioned "Crismash" (spelled as it was written in the lyrics)

Mitch

@Lambie oMg yeah the pajama thing is weird enough, but also in winter, outside. Is that going to be the fashion shown when they produce "That 20's Show" in 2040?

@Lambie Sure. How does that work though? IRL. As a Large Language Model, I have a hard time figuring out real world plans without emails and DM'ing and stuff.

@Laurel Is she ... inebriated?

Laurel

21:09

@Mitch Unless she's drinking on the job (i.e., as a professional singer) I would say no. Am I inebriated???

Mitch

I think most sloppy people (_raises hand_) have some sort of minimal flap there. But I knew one person who used to have nothing, no flap no glottal stop no nothing and it really stood out in it's attempt to say "didn't" in a way to avoid these lower class glotts and flaps (that's how it seemed).
"

@Laurel I don't know. Can you say "Christmas" out loud for us?

Laurel

@Mitch Yeah, how did it sound?

Mitch

@Laurel Sorry, let me open the window...

OK

Try again

That was pretty faint.

Laurel

Better? Or do I need to turn down the music?

Mitch

naw that was good enough. It sounded non inebriated I guess

I mean people are pretty good at covering

not to say that you are

but

maybe you are?

I saw a comedy show with Mike Birbiglia the other day (I've seen some in the past) and he sounds like he's been drinking. But it also seems like he's not drinking. So all I can think is that he has some progressive disease and I feel like telling him he should ask his docto about it.

But then I looked at something of his online and no that's how he's talked for a long time.

Laurel

21:17

I haven't been drinking, I'm just tired lol

Mitch

So maybe he's always drunk? Of the disease he has is totally under control?

Laurel

@Mitch There's a disease like that

Mitch

@Laurel Most of his act is about rare medical concerns and his anxiety about them, so maybe he already knows.

Laurel

Auto brewery

Mitch

@Laurel It's always the bowels

Laurel

21:20

@Mitch Like a gut feeling

Mitch

omg

jlliagre

22:16

@CowperKettle Soldiers weren't walking non-stop for days. They obviously had to sleep. Walking from Paris to Vitebsk with a 20 to 30 kg backpack probably took around 100 days to Napoléon's soldiers.

Wordle 917 4/6

🟨🟨⬛⬛⬛
⬛⬛🟨⬛⬛
🟨⬛⬛⬛⬛
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩

alphabet

22:33

user image

TFW you're staring longingly at humans having a picnic, hoping they leave some food behind for you

Laurel

@alphabet Oh, just the guy I came here to talk to

They're making a pen and paper game about your life: TrashSexy XD

I keep on cackling about it lol

alphabet

@Laurel I'm tired of all this raccoon-related media made by humans. We raccoons must be given the opportunity to tell our own stories ourselves.

And don't get me started about how the furry community has appropriated raccoon culture.

Laurel

You're supposed to make it your own adventure

Do you not face enemies such as "Coyotes, wannabe cowboys, hunting hawks, wildlife officials, territorial trash pickers" in your everyday life???

alphabet

22:54

@Laurel And yet nearly all of those "nice" humans, despite expressing constant sympathy for the challenges facing our community, work for companies that have never hired a single raccoon.

Most hotels won't even consider renting out rooms to us.

Mitch

@jlliagre Oh. Then that's OK

Comments by Nabokov about other authors

A lot of good zingers

> Tolstoy, Leo: War and Peace. A little too long.

> Sartre, Jean-Paul. Even more awful than Camus

> Tagore, Rabindranath. A formidable mediocrity.

> Hemingway, Ernest. A writer of books for boys.

jlliagre

Blossom Puzzle, December 23
Letters: C E I N P R S
My score: 322 points
My longest word: 10 letters
🏵 🌷 💐 🌼 💮 🌻 🌺 🌹 🌸 🏵

@Robusto New high score for me ^

Mitch

> Camus, Albert. Dislike him. Second-rate, ephemeral, puffed-up. A nonentity, means absolutely nothing to me. Awful.

> Brecht, Bertolt. A nonentity, means absolutely nothing to me.

He praises many but these were all funny

@alphabet I don't know, maybe they've had bad experiences

CowperKettle

@Robusto Yes, one of the most famous pharaons

I liked Camus.

And I love Nabokov

One should never trust writer's opinions about other writers.

Lord Byron considered John Keats "Second-rate, ephemeral, puffed-up. A nonentity.."

Yet I love Byron's poems and Keats's

CowperKettle

23:25

user image

Word of the day: graupel, cognate with Russian krupa.

> From Late Middle High German grūpe (Silesian, ca. 1400), from Old Sorbian and/or Old Polish krupa, from Proto-Slavic *krupa.

Noun: Graupe f (genitive Graupe, plural Graupen, diminutive Gräupchen n or Gräuplein n)

(chiefly in the plural) pearl barley, hulled wheat
Synonym: Gerstel

CowperKettle

23:51

> Maladie non-seulement d'un homme, mais d'un peuple, elle a ses périodes marquées dans l'histoire ; nous l'appelons mélancolie , lypémanie. Saint Chrysostôme la définit parfaitement et la nomme athumia.

From Paul-Ferdinand Gachet's work on depression, 1858. archive.org/details/b20395334/page/n5/mode/2up

user image

alphabet

So Spotify suggested a song to me that's basically just a rant about climate change, and now it's stuck in my head forever:

Tyler Del Pino & The Brasstronautz - The Solution (No Fun Sessions)

CowperKettle

> Malheur, hélas! à cette tendance qui fait de nos femmes des poupées aux flancs étroits, à l'allure frivole, qui redoutent le mal de maternité ; de nos enfants des puits de science, au teint blême et maladif, à l'œil vitreux, à la poitrine étroite, aux mains décharnées ! L'air malsain des villes est déjà assez empoisonné , sans calfeutrer encore davantage nos enfants tout jeunes dans les collèges.

> Woe, alas! to this tendency which turns our women into dolls with narrow sides, with a frivolous appearance, who fear maternity sickness; of our children (who return?) from the wells of knowledge, with pale and sickly complexions, glassy eyes, narrow chests, gaunt hands!

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Dec '2323

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