The h Bar

DanielSank

00:16

@KyleKanos yes

Bernard Meurer

00:29

@DanielSank I have my last algebra exam in two weeks, today I didn't understand two shits about what happened in class, that book better be ready

heather

hello everyone

Bernard Meurer

@DanielSank Also, I need you to help me with what happened in class today lol

DanielSank

@heather hi

@BernardMeurer k...

Bernard Meurer

@heather Howdy

heather

0

Q: Accelerated ion beam current

If an electron gun creates a ten mA electron beam and each electron collides with a gas atom and creates an ion through impact ionization, can the ions then be accelerated with a separate negative voltage grid that is powered by a lower current capacity source but still maintain a ten mA current ...

^been around for a bit and doesn't have an answer

Shing

00:32

hi heather

heather

@DanielSank, did I properly fix the make-multiple-tex-files issue (logged as issue #4)?

DHMO

How do electrons absorb photons in photoelectric effect?

ACuriousMind

@DHMO What do you mean, "how"?

DHMO

@ACuriousMind the mechanism in terms of quantum mechanics

DanielSank

@heather will check in a minute

heather

00:39

@DanielSank, thank you

Bernard Meurer

@DHMO It's called magic

I learned it in my Chemistry course

DHMO

@BernardMeurer very funny

@BernardMeurer of course you don't learn quantum in chemistry course

@Kaumudi hi

Bernard Meurer

@DHMO Yeah, right, you don't

user228700

@DHMO: Yello! How's it going?

DHMO

@Kaumudi fine

heather

00:40

@Kaumudi, hello

Bernard Meurer

@DHMO Except I do :)

DHMO

@BernardMeurer I see

user228700

Hi Heather :-) And everyone else :-P

ACuriousMind

@DHMO I'm not sure what you mean by "mechanism". One writes down a Hamiltonian that has a term for the electromagnetic field in it, but I don't know if that's a "mechanism".

user228700

I'm just passing through to advertise my question on Chemistry SE for those who know Organic Chemistry:

user228700

00:42

0

Q: Is the inductive effect always measured relative to Hydrogen?

Wikipedia has defined the Inductive effect thus: "In Chemistry and Physics, the inductive effect is an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond." Recently, I learned from a teacher that t...

organic-chemistry electronegativity

DHMO

@ACuriousMind so the electron before absorption is different from the electron after absorption in the sense that the latter "carries" a term for the electromagnetic field?

ACuriousMind

@DHMO Not at all

All electrons are the same

The electron after absorption just has a little more energy

DHMO

@ACuriousMind not really; some have higher energy

ACuriousMind

A Hamiltonian is not a property of a particle, it's a description of an interaction

DHMO

@ACuriousMind can you explain the absortoption using QFT?

ACuriousMind

00:45

Again, what do you mean by "explain"?

DHMO

well... "explain" in the sense of "describe to a layman like me"

ACuriousMind

I can surely draw a Feynman diagram that shows a photon and an electron going in and only an electron going out (with some external nucleus to conserve momentum).

but, in the end, all this boils down is that I've written a term for electron-photon interaction into my Lagrangian/Hamiltonian because it's an experimental fact that electrons absorb photons and my physical theory should model that

DHMO

@ACuriousMind How does an electron become excited in terms of atomic orbital theory?

DanielSank

@ACuriousMind you take the Socratic method so far that even I get annoyed :P

ACuriousMind

@DHMO As a just-so story, the electromagnetic wave passes by and the oscilliating fields in it make the electron oscillate between different energy levels. There's a certain probability that the electron will stay in the higher orbital after the wave has passed by, having absorbed the energy difference from the wave when doing do.

DHMO

00:51

@ACuriousMind how long does it take?

How can an electron oscillate between different levels?

ACuriousMind

@DHMO On the order of nanoseconds, I think

@DHMO Basic principle of quantum mechanics: All states can exist in superposition. If I have two states $\psi_1,\psi_2$ then a state like $\sin(\omega t)\psi_1 + \cos(\omega t)\psi_2$ "oscillates" between the two

DHMO

@ACuriousMind I see

ACuriousMind

@DanielSank I'm just really bad at answering questions that just ask "how" or "why" because I never know what the expected level of the explanation is.

I'm also not always convinced it is meaningful to ask "why" :P

DHMO

@ACuriousMind Why do some photons (ceteris paribus) not get absorbed?

ACuriousMind

@DHMO Because in which state the electron ends up is random, and if it ends up in its original state, no photon is absorbed.

DHMO

00:59

@ACuriousMind where exactly does the photon need to hit?

ACuriousMind

That's an ill-defined question because neither the photon nor the electron have a well-defined postion.

DanielSank

@ACuriousMind So, real talk: figuring out what the asker already knows and what they need to hear next is like 90% of teaching.

@ACuriousMind Right, so you could go on to explain what that's the case.

DHMO

@DanielSank but I already know

@ACuriousMind why doesn't the photon in my right hand get absorbed by the electron on my left hand?

@ACuriousMind if it ends up in its original state, shouldn't it be the case that the photon is absorbed and then re-emitted?

ACuriousMind

@DHMO Where's the difference? Since you can't distinguish photons, you cannot tell the two situations apart

@DHMO I'm not sure I understand why you think it would.

DanielSank

You guys are really going out of your way to confuse each other.

DHMO

01:05

@ACuriousMind but the photon would have a different direction... whatever "direction" means

@ACuriousMind my question is why it would not

DanielSank

@ACuriousMind yeah this indistinguishable photon idea is bs unless we're talking about excitations of the same mode.

ACuriousMind

@DHMO Ah, well, that indeed happens for some photons! There's a cool experiment where you point a sodium lamp at a burner with sodium in it and the flame casts a shadow because some of the photons go in other direction than in that of the lamp after reemission

DanielSank

@ACuriousMind That's pretty cool.

I haven't seen that.

DHMO

@ACuriousMind but most of the time the photon travels in its original direction?

DanielSank

@DHMO Photons travel in straight lines.

Always.

A photon can be absorbed and then re-emitted in a different direction.

But without being absorbed, they go in straight lines.

DHMO

01:09

@DanielSank but most of the time the photon travels in its original direction?

DanielSank

@DHMO After being absorbed? No, I don't think so.

I can't think of why that would be the case.

Hmmmm actually let me think...

DHMO

@DanielSank so the photon is always absorbed?

DanielSank

After absorption, the atom has some linear momentum... but that's relative to the reference frame so it can't matter.

The photon would have had some polarization of course... I guess that affects the polarization of the re-emitted photon... but I don't think it would affect the emission direction.

@DHMO I have no idea what you mean. What is "the" photon? What situation are you thinking of?

DHMO

@DanielSank well, you excite electrons using photons

DanielSank

@DHMO Sure.

If I shoot an electromagnetic wave at an atom, the atom's state changes in some way.

DHMO

01:14

@DanielSank but some photons don't get absorbed?

DanielSank

@DHMO Have you taken a quantum mechanics class?

DHMO

heh, no

DanielSank

@DHMO Ah.

DHMO

but I do know something about QM

DanielSank

What is your mental idea of "photon"?

DHMO

01:16

DanielSank

Oh. Ok.

Could you please read this:

51

Q: Which is more fundamental, Fields or Particles?

I hope that I am using appropriate terminology. My confusion about quantum theory (beyond my obvious unfamiliarity with its terminology) is basically twofold: I lack an adequate understanding of how the mathematics of quantum theory is supposed to correspond to phenomena in the physical world ...

quantum-mechanics quantum-field-theory soft-question particles

DHMO

@DanielSank which answer?

DanielSank

The one with all the upvotes.

DHMO

@DanielSank ok done

@DanielSank which is another way of saying "my answer"

DanielSank

@DHMO In this case, yes.

Anyway, the point is that "photon" means "unit of excitation of a particular mode of the electromagnetic field".

which, incidentally, is why photons (in the same mode) are indistinguishable.

DHMO

01:23

@DanielSank and how does it answer my question?

DanielSank

Well, so far you question is ill-posed. I'm trying to help get us to a point where we can ask answerable questions :D

Now we know what a photons is, what is your question, exactly?

DHMO

@DanielSank in what way?

DanielSank

@DHMO Well, suppose the electron in the atom has two states $|a\rangle$ and $|b\rangle$.

Suppose the energy difference is $E_b - E_a = h \nu$.

If I shoot an electromagnetic wave with frequency $\nu$ at the atom, the state of the electron will be $$|\Psi(t)\rangle = \cos(2 \pi f t) |a \rangle + e^{i \phi} \sin(2 \pi f t) |b\rangle$$ where the oscillation frequency $f$ depends on the strength of the electromagnetic wave and the dipole moment difference between states $|a\rangle$ and $|b\rangle$.

The phase $\phi$ depends on other stuff I don't want to get into.

DHMO

Continue

DanielSank

That's all.

What else would you like to know?

DHMO

01:29

So it oscillates forever?

DanielSank

Oh I should point out that the formula there is for the case where the electromagnetic field is in a coherent state.

@DHMO Yes, if I keep applying an electromagnetic field the oscillation continues. This is called Rabi oscillation.

DHMO

@DanielSank "why doesn't the electron on my left hand absorbs the photon on my right hand?"

DanielSank

Actually, the same thing happens if we put the atom inside a metal box with an electromagnetic mode at frequency $\nu$. That mode might have exactly one photon in it, in which case the atom behaves in exactly the way written above, but where now the frequency $f$ depends on:

1. The dipole moment of the electron transition
2. The field strength of the electromagnetic mode at the atom's position in the box

@DHMO What is "the photon on my right hand"? I don't know what you mean.

DHMO

@DanielSank I'm holding a torch on my right hand

DanielSank

@DHMO ok

and?

DHMO

01:32

"why doesn't the electron on my left hand absorbs the photon on my right hand?"

(I'm implying "they are too far away from each other")

DanielSank

@DHMO Yes, I do believe I seen that sentence before...

I still don't know what you mean "the photon on my right hand".

Does anyone else understand this question?

DHMO

@DanielSank the photons from the torch on my right hand

DanielSank

@DHMO Uh... many of them do get absorbed by atoms in your left hand.

DHMO

@DanielSank i'm not shooting the photons at my left hand

DanielSank

This is rather obvious if you put your hands close enough together. You will feel left hand warm up when the torch is on...

@DHMO Well I can't read your mind. Would you kindly provide a diagram?

DHMO

01:36

DanielSank

Ok well since the torch is pointed at the floor, the photons from the torch are in an electromagnetic mode which has no overlap with your left hand.

DHMO

@DanielSank why?

DanielSank

So, of course the photons are not absorbed by the left hand.

@DHMO Why what? And, are you trolling?

DHMO

@DanielSank I am not trolling

DanielSank

ok

DHMO

01:38

what does "overlap" mean

DanielSank

Oh, I just mean that the modes excited by the torch are in a different part of space than your left hand.

DHMO

I thought electrons have a wavefunction all over the universe

DanielSank

Overlap indicates two things sharing a common space.

@DHMO Well... I suppose that's sort of true, but have you examined the wave function for an electron in a hydrogen atom?

The electron density is very, very small if you're that far away from the nucleus.

DHMO

@DanielSank so you mean "the probability is too low"?

DanielSank

@DHMO It's insanely low, yes.

Insanely low.

DHMO

01:40

so it's all random?

DanielSank

@DHMO I don't really want to get into that, but yes, for most purposes the absorption is random.

DHMO

Alright, another question

DanielSank

ok

DHMO

How does blackbody radiation occur?

DanielSank

@DHMO uhhhhh electrons move around and emit radiation.

No big deal there.

It's the same as emitting radiation from an antenna.

DHMO

01:42

@DanielSank ??

DanielSank

@DHMO ???

If you wiggle a charged particle it emits radiation.

DHMO

@DanielSank so they lose energy all the time and eventually clash with the nucleus?

DanielSank

@DHMO Ah. No. Interestingly, we find that an electron in an atom can't lose all of its energy.

It's pretty interesting that that's the case.

DHMO

when do they lose energy? after being excited?

DanielSank

The lowest energy an electron can have is an s-orbital with n=1. You can find pictures of those orbitals on Wikipedia.

DHMO

01:44

they can't lose energy in their ground state right

@DanielSank I know what orbitals are

DanielSank

@DHMO Yeah, exactly. Once they're in the ground state that's it.

But then, if you're not at zero temperature, eventually something bumps the electron up into a higher state. Then the electron falls down and emits radiation.

etc. etc

DHMO

@DanielSank what happens when every electron reaches ground state?

DanielSank

@DHMO Well, that depends. Are we near something else with a nonzero temperature or not?

DHMO

@DanielSank every electron in the system

DanielSank

@DHMO :|

DHMO

01:47

@DanielSank ?

DanielSank

Please describe the entire system you want to think about?

heather

@DanielSank, thanks for your answer on the github repository

DanielSank

@heather Sure thing!

DHMO

@DanielSank "every electron is in ground state" lol

DanielSank

@DHMO Then nothing happens.

heather

01:48

I guess I'm doing something wrong, because I'm not using the linux side of my computer, I was just using the options provided on the website

DHMO

@DanielSank and we call it absolute zero?

(hey, the nuclei can still move!)

DanielSank

@heather Oh ha! You're doing everything through the github web interface?

heather

@DanielSank, yeah =) so I didn't know how to make a folder there

DanielSank

@DHMO Ehh, well yeah if everything is in the ground state etc. then you're at absolute zero.

@heather Oh lol. I don't know either. Ask Google.

Hahaha that's kind of funny.

@heather the blind leading the blind.

heather

=)

funny situation =P

DHMO

01:49

@DanielSank why does the (blackbody) radiation depend on the temperature?

DanielSank

Yeah sorry, I'm so used to using the command line that I didn't think of how to do stuff in the web interface.

@DHMO Higher temperature -> electrons wiggle more -> electrons emit more radiation.

DHMO

@DanielSank why does the distribution depend on the temperature?

DanielSank

@DHMO Because math.

:-)

Think of it like this: there is some distribution.

The total power must depend on temperature.

I guess it's conceivable that increasing the temperature would increase the power but not change the distribution...

I never thought about this before. Let me think...

heather

@DanielSank, the google told me: in the file title you add foldername/ and then type in filename

DanielSank

@heather Sounds legit.

Try it, see what happens.

heather

01:55

it worked

except not on images, because I uploaded them

DanielSank

@heather help.github.com/articles/moving-a-file-to-a-new-location

heather

@DanielSank, thanks!

DanielSank

@heather I Google real good.

heather

@DanielSank, this is all made the more funny because you work for google =)

DanielSank

Indeed.

Ramanujan

02:04

@DHMO hi

DHMO

@Ramanujan hi

Ramanujan

Yesterday was terrible for others because you were not there

On math chat room

DHMO

lol

vzn

03:04

in theory salon, Nov 7 at 19:24, by vzn

Veritasium launches soliton dynamics into 1M eternal viral living legend! / Tmachine blog

DHMO

@vzn I saw that also

user228700

03:22

Will somebody please ping me for no reason just this once?

heather

@Kaumudi, why?

user228700

Awesome! Ortho showed me a button to click and I've clicked it now and hurray, my phone notified me of the ping in five mins as opposed to 17!

user228700

Thanks :-P

vzn

03:45

@DHMO you ask a lot of deep questions that have both conventional and unconventional answers. sometimes helps to have an "alternative view" :)

DHMO

@vzn thanks

vzn

@DHMO yw. studying physics at school? what country?

DHMO

@vzn I don't prefer to tell what country

I am studying phsyics in high school

vzn

@DHMO any plans for college?

DHMO

@vzn math

vzn

03:48

re blackbody radation, study of it led to discovery of early QM theory by plank.

DHMO

@vzn the ultraviolet catastrophe

vzn

@DHMO exactly! not all physics books ref it by that name...

DHMO

@vzn I'm studying these out of my syllabus

vzn

@DHMO studying what?

DHMO

@vzn I mean those questions are out of my syllabus

vzn

03:51

yeah. do you have a textbook? what are the classroom materials?

DHMO

@vzn I do not have a textbook out of my syllabus

vzn

@DHMO urge you to get one, there are many cheap ones. there may be some fairly good (free) refs online, but havent seen a list myself... ofc the site (Physics) is good to browse via keywords... ofc many good youtube videos too etc... & wikipedia etc

DHMO

@vzn thanks

vzn

quite a few of your Q's have Physics QA & wikipedia articles

DHMO

thanks

DHMO

04:12

in Mathematics, 8 hours ago, by s.harp

In physics there is also a fun website http://snarxiv.org/vs-arxiv/ where it presents paper titles from the arxiv hep-theory section and randomly generated ones. You have to choose which one is real

user228700

05:45

@JohnRennie: Morning! :-) Dyou know any examples of liquids that mix w/ the intermolecular forces playing no role? You said that these cases are possible...

John Rennie

06:02

You remember I suggested the enthalpy of mixing involved breaking A-A and B-B bonds and making A-B bonds in the mixture?

For bonds read interactions not actually chemical bonds.

Well you can measure this experimentally simply by measuring the temperature change when you mix the liquids. This is called the enthalpy of mixing or sometimes heat of mixing.

If the AA and BB bonds are stronger than the AB bonds then it takes energy to mix the liquids (the mixing is driven solely by entropy) and the liquids get colder on mixing. Likewise if the AB bonds are stronger than the AA and BB bonds then the liquids get hotter on mixing.

And if there is no difference the temperature remains constant on mixing.

Make sense so far?

user228700

Uhh.

user228700

Hang on, I've only just come back. Gimme a minute to read everything...

John Rennie

OK I'll go make a coffee ...

user228700

Yes, it makes sense.

user228700

@JohnRennie Dyou have a coffeemaker?

user228700

06:13

OK, clearly not :-P

John Rennie

@Kaumudi No, I only drink instant coffee

user228700

Ohk...

John Rennie

I'm not a coffee connoisseur, I just like to have a mug to hand when I'm working.

user228700

Yeah, OK :-)

John Rennie

And it's cold in the UK this morning (just below freezing) and a warm mug of coffee is comforting :-)

user228700

06:17

Just below freezing?!

John Rennie

Anyway, back to mixing ...

@Kaumudi yes, it's about -1C. That's not unusual for late November in the UK.

user228700

^ And I'm wearing socks.

John Rennie

:-) I'm in the wrong continent

user228700

I might actually die if I have to leave this place >.<

user228700

06:19

OK, back to the wonderful mixing!

John Rennie

In a liquid you can never ignore interactions. The interactions are the reason we have a liquid not an ideal gas.

user228700

Right, of course...

John Rennie

But, if the interactions are the same in both pure liquids and the mixture then they average out i.e. there is no change on mixing.

user228700

Yes...

John Rennie

It's in that case that we get a purely entropy driven mixing.

user228700

06:21

$\Delta H=0$

John Rennie

Yes

user228700

Right...

John Rennie

And you can measure $\Delta H$ just by measuring the temperature change on mixing.

user228700

Hmm, OK...

John Rennie

Why "hmm"? That seems straightforward ...

user228700

06:22

(Convinced! Just "Hmm" ing :-P)

John Rennie

So you just need to find a pair of liquids that don't change temp on mixing. I'd have to Google enthalpies of mixing, but common experience should tell you that in general liquids don't change temperature much when they mix.

user228700

Yes, of course.

John Rennie

Apart from special cases, e.g. sulphuric acid and water, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing is small.

user228700

Hm, alright Sir! Thanks very much :-)

Swapnil Das

07:10

@JohnRennie Sir, are you a physicist or a physical chemist?

John Rennie

Physical chemist

Swapnil Das

Oh great.

John Rennie

Though the distinction is a rather vague one.

Swapnil Das

Why so?

John Rennie

I spent my PhD X-raying thin films of silver and chalcogenide glasses, which is basically solid state physics.

Swapnil Das

07:12

Ohk.

John Rennie

But I did it to investigate a chemical reaction, so that's chemistry.

Swapnil Das

Then why a physical chemist?

Oh

John Rennie

So I'm an unholy mixture of physics and chemistry :-)

Swapnil Das

Haha ;)

I wanted to ask you something, Sir.

What are your views on String theory?

Like, its correctness and all.

John Rennie

You hear lots of people making comments about string theory, but 99.999% of those people don't know what they are talking about. String theory is astonishingly hard and only a small number of people understand it.

3

Swapnil Das

07:18

I believe you.

John Rennie

So most of the stuff you hear about string theory is being said by people who don't understand it and therefore aren't ina position to make comments.

Swapnil Das

I see.

John Rennie

I don't understand it at anything beyond a superficial level, so I'm not qualified to comment either.

Swapnil Das

I heard only 2000 understand ST till date.

Did you ever attempt to study it?

John Rennie

It's important to remember this. If I say string theory is rubbish or string theory is great then either statement would be meaningless because from me it would be just personal opinion not based on any facts.

Swapnil Das

07:20

I see.

John Rennie

@SwapnilDas you need to know quantum field theory to even begin to understand string theory. I've been toying with QFT but not studying it seriously.

Swapnil Das

I wanted to know its accuracy in understanding the universe.

Oh!

John Rennie

So no, I've never attempted to study string theory.

Swapnil Das

That's cool. I want to communicate with string theorists, so much excited.

John Rennie

The simple fact is that we have no way of judging string theory because we don't know enough about the theory and there is no relevant experimental evidence.

Swapnil Das

07:22

Yes.

I don't believe exps, actually 😛

John Rennie

At the moment string theory is an interesting mathematical model, but to what extent it is useful in describing the real universe is unknown.

Swapnil Das

Aah. Fascinates me. You seem to have a kinda PhD in GR?

John Rennie

No my PhD was solid state photochemistry. You can see the title (not the content) by clicking here.

Swapnil Das

But you know GR too well!

John Rennie

I've always been interested in GR, and when I quit full time work I decided to start learning it just for fun. And it is fun :-)

Swapnil Das

07:28

Great. You are from Cambridge?!

John Rennie

No, I just went to university in Cambridge.

Swapnil Das

I meant a student of the university.

John Rennie

Ah, yes, I did both my degree and PhD at Cambridge.

Swapnil Das

You are a genius.

John Rennie

Sadly not :-)

Swapnil Das

07:29

Have you met their Lucassian professors?

When I was in grade 5, I wanted to be one, so foolish.

John Rennie

I once saw Steven Hawking going past in his wheelchair, but that is as close as I've come to meeting a Lucassian professor. I've met lots of other professors.

Swapnil Das

So lucky!

Professor of Gravitational physics, as much I recall.

Does Cambridge university have the idiotic 'speed up' system? @JohnRennie

John Rennie

I've never heard of the speed up system so I guess not. Or at least it didn't when I was there, though that was 30 years ago.

Swapnil Das

:)

Anonymous

08:22

@JohnRennie That was really lucky _. I wish I was there and thank him for all the great books he has written. The books written by "the physicist in the wheelchair" was one of the main reasons that made me so much interested in Science, and influenced me to take up Science as my main stream in High School :-P. I got the whole collection of his books at home (except God Created The Integers which is too difficult to decipher myself, at present :-P) :).

John Rennie

Hawking was professor at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics (universally referred to as DAMTP - pronounced damped) but this is quite a small department.

Most undergraduates would be unaware the department even existed. I knew of it because it was quite close to my college and I passed it every day. But it would be wrong to think it was particularly famous even within the university.

Cambridge has Nobel prize winners coming out of its ears, so Hawking wasn't considered anything very special. When I was an undergraduate my tutor (Aaron Klug) was a Nobel prize winner - they are surprisingly normal people.

Incidentally I don't think God Created The Integers is a particularly good book. The really great books are ones that take a complicated subject and describe rigorously but ina way students can understand.

GCTI just exerpts from the works of the original authors. It's of historical interest, but it's not a great book to learn from.

Anonymous

08:42

@JohnRennie Yes, that is expected as Cambridge has produced several Nobel Prize winners over the years :-P. However, there was a phase in 8 th grade when I started reading popular science books starting with the Illustrated Brief History Of Time and then went on to read 10 more similar books in a period of 3-4 months during summer vacations.

Anonymous

I agree that the books are nothing very special or in fact not even accurate, but that was a kick-start to my interest in Physics and Science as whole. (Otherwise I might have been studying commerce or arts now :-P). Moreover I found SH's life story extremely inspiring and motivating :). Now, I have moved on to more technical books though and I don't think I will be reading GCTI anytime soon :-P :)

user116211

08:54

Massive power outage in London.

user116211

@JohnRennie, do you know the discontinuity of the derivative of vector potential across a boundary? I need halp.

John Rennie

@MAFIA36790 I'm afraid I can't help. Electrodynamics was one of the subjects I avoided as much as possible at university.

user116211

:(

user116211

okay.

user228700

11:14

No oranges today. I had an enormous lunch with ice cream for dessert and everything! :-)

user228700

For most liquids, is the dew point temperature higher than that of its boiling point?

user228700

11:29

OK, Yahoo Answers aren't at all reliable but I found this:

user228700

> "One would expect the bubble point would be higher. The dew point is the temperature at which water (dew) condenses from the air. The bubble point would be much higher."

user228700

What the hell is up with the phase diagram then?!

user228700

^ HOW?!

Bernard Meurer

@Slereah Yo, I need ya

user228700

11:50

Also, @JohnRennie: In addition to that, if u could perhaps enlighten me as to why the bubble curve is a curve rather than a straight line, that would be awesome!

Kyle Kanos

12:25

So Fidel Castro died.

John Rennie

The good, the bad, and the (in my case) indifferent. We all die. It's the ultimate proof we are all equal.

Kyle Kanos

A (philosopher) friend of mine form undergrad used to say, "Despite all the medical advances we've made, doctors still can't cure death"

user223506

Hi all, how is everyone?

Kyle Kanos

Somewhat sleep-deprived, but otherwise fine

(The coffee helps)

user223506

coffee is indeed good - why are you sleep deprived?

Kyle Kanos

12:35

Nov 13 at 18:54, by Kyle Kanos

Girl. Elizabeth. 9 lbs, 6 oz (4.25 kg)

user223506

@KyleKanos Hey! Congratulations!!

Kyle Kanos

Thanks

user223506

Is he girl your first child?

Kyle Kanos

Haha, no; she's the 5th

user223506

oh wow! A sister as well as a daughter!

user223506

12:43

this is great news!

user223506

What do you do (asides from being a dad), @KyleKanos?

Kyle Kanos

I work for a bank

user223506

ah excellent!

user223506

enjoy it?

Kyle Kanos

Oh yes, lots of fun

user223506

12:51

customer service?

Kyle Kanos

No, I work in the securities sector as a quant

user223506

ah much better!

Secret

Sleeping hummingbird "snores" in Peru

►

user223506

snoring hummingbirds!

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