« first day (2080 days earlier)      last day (2853 days later) » 

9:03 PM
Ah ok, since $(a-b*)\langle a\lvert b \rangle = 0$ holds for all eigenvectors $\lvert a\rangle,\lvert b\rangle$ thus it must hold for the subset of eignevectors $\lvert b\rangle = \lvert a\rangle$ that give the equation $(a-a*)\langle a\lvert a \rangle = 0$ and from this any eigenvalues will satisfy $a=a^*$ thus the case $a=b^*$ where a,b not necessary real will be ruled out
 
Zee's section on Feynman diagrams is so confused. There are errata and corrections to the errata
at least one subsection.
 
Corrections to the corrections?
 
@Sᴋᴜʟʟᴘᴇᴛʀᴏʟ kitp.ucsb.edu/members/PM/zee/nuts.html p. 43
"the denominator should contain (4!)^2 instead of (4!)^3 (Thanks to Jean Orloff) INCORRECT: The numerical factor stated in the book is in fact correct. Thanks to the many readers who sent in this anti-erratum. " etc.
 
And this is for the first edition but the second edition has similar things that still apply, apparently
maybe not
 
9:10 PM
@NeuroFuzzy Everything on Feynman diagrams tends to be rather confused :P
Noone has the patience to actually determine all the symmetry factors properly, so most people just wing it, I suspect
 
@ACuriousMind :D Sounds like I should write a program to do it for me
@ACuriousMind :(
 
In tenuously related news, the literature on spinors in arbitrary dimensions is also rather confused, and not two authors seem to agree on their sign conventions. Several introduce signs that "may be determined" but never determine them.
And the mathematicians insist on calling some spinors "pinors" which does not help the terminology at all :P
 
"pnors" is the next logical step
 
No wonder @yuggib calls it "sloppy."
 
@NeuroFuzzy Well, not everything. The stuff without explicit examples is safe against making sign and prefactor errors in the examples ;P
@NeuroFuzzy lol, I pnorted.
@Sᴋᴜʟʟᴘᴇᴛʀᴏʟ I have never heard yuggib talk about spinors.
The issue is not actually a lack of rigor in this case, it's a lack of clear terminology and conventions
 
9:17 PM
I just meant in general :-)
 
Feb 1 at 11:21, by Secret
I see

Combine your discussion with the many PSE, in that case I guess our picture is complete for that FAQ:
Experiment->Found observables that can be directly measured are non commutative and real (most natural to choose reals)->algebra of observables there are linear functionals (states) that associated a numerical value to each observable->A theory of non commutative probability requires the states to be vectors in some hilbert space-> non commutativity lead to commutation relation (CCR), the real-ality of directly measured observables means the operators must be hermitian-> hermitian op
@0celo7 @Acuriousmind
This summary of a discussion in the distant past with you and yuggib have explained why quantum mechanics need to be modelled by a complex hilbert space. But the recent discussion on hermitian operators have sparked a new question when mixed with this summary:

What rules out the possibility of having a degenerate inner product operating in a hilbert space as the model to describe quantum mechanics. Specifically, what (experimental or mathematical or both) disallow null state vectors (i.e. $\langle a\lvert a\rangle=0$ but $\lvert a\rangle\neq \mathbf{0}$ to appear in n
 
@Secret The non-degeneracy of the inner product is necessary to have a Hilbert space. For one, you cannot talk about convergence w.r.t. the inner product properly if it is degenerate, and important results such as the spectral theorem do not hold.
Far more physically, $\langle \psi \vert \psi \rangle =0$ just doesn't make any sense in light of the Born rule: The state $\lvert \psi \rangle$ has zero probability to be found to be the state $\lvert\psi\rangle$???
 
Hmm, make sense
 
What does "physically" mean anyway
 
In that case, they cannot exist for relativistic quantum mechanics either. I wonder how null 4- vectors are handled to ensure nonzero null kets cannot show up...?
 
9:30 PM
@ACuriousMind Just reminded me of a question. What areas of mathematics have blown you away as aesthetically pleasing/beautiful? It reminds me because I really like the notion of weak convergence/weak derivatives/weak equality
 
If ACM doesn't say Morse theory...
 
@NeuroFuzzy Without a doubt, representation theory is at the top of that list. Groups/algebras and their representations show up almost everywhere, and understanding them is the key to bring order into what is otherwise chaos.
Related to that, Lie algebras themselves, since they encode the information of such a complicated thing as a Lie group almost fully in a few complex numbers. It really makes you appreciate why the commutation relations govern so much of (quantum) physics
 
Interesting! Definitely a good answer.
 
@acuriousmind how are lightlike vectors handled in relativistic quantum mechanics to ensure no nonzero null kets can arise (given that from our previous discusison they don't make sense)?

Googling landed me here
http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/122621/is-a-lightlike-vector-potential-a%C2%B2-0-a-valid-and-or-useful-choice
and I am wondering whether the answer to that is related to the vector potential
 
@Secret Why would one need to "handle" them? The inner product of Minkowski space is not directly related to the inner product on the Hilbert space. However, quantizing four-vector fields is difficult, but not because of the Minkowski product, but because they contain "fake" degrees of freedom that must be removed from the physical space of states, which is rather easy for massive fields, but more difficult for massless fields.
 
9:43 PM
I see
 
@ACuriousMind What's your intuition for Jacobi fields
@ACuriousMind Not if the group is disconnected
 
@0celo7 I cannot even remember off the top of my head what a Jacobi field is.
 
@ACuriousMind It's one which satisfies the Jacobi equation.
 
@0celo7 "almost fully".
 
@ACuriousMind I'll give you this one.
 
9:51 PM
@0celo7 What makes you think I remember that better? :P
 
@ACuriousMind It's the equation for geodesic deviation in GR
oh right, that's the intuition for it :P
 
@0celo7 Where I also would have to look up what "geodesic deviation" is...
In summary: I don't have a intuition.
 
@ACuriousMind I need you to study Riemannian geometry
 
::shrugs, goes back to figuring out Majorana spinors::
 
@ACuriousMind It's like $\ddot J+R(c,J)c=0$
@ACuriousMind I wish you luck, spinors made me not want to do physics.
 
9:59 PM
@0celo7 check Lee's Riemannian Manifolds book for the Jacobi equation
 
@bolbteppa I was clearly testing ACM
And you're not allowed to tell me to check Lee since you clearly do not understand it
 
Only one of us is unaware of the multiple ways of looking at the same concepts we've mentioned thus far
 
you're aware of doing things flat out incorrectly
 
I'm aware of how the people who invented these things did them
 
Lol
How is that relevant?
 
10:03 PM
Nothing I've posted is incorrect
 
Next you'll say it's good to know calculus like Newton did
Or arithmetic like the Babylonians
 
No, but later books like L'Hopital or DeMorgan yes
You should read this since I'm pretty sure you've used his books pauli.uni-muenster.de/~munsteg/arnold.html
 
I don't particularly like his style of geometry
 
You know you're out of luck when even the mathematician says first "choose a basis" and then points to the physicists for figuring out the signs. ::sigh::
 
lol what
link?
why not just do it yourself
 
10:06 PM
Alright ignore the words of the person who partially solved one of Hilbert's problems...
 
Gladly
I love living in my bubble of ignorance
 
@0celo7 The page before definition 4 here. Kugo and Townsend who are referenced at the end are physicists and of course they choose a particular representation of the gamma matrices to work with.
 
Enjoy it, will serve well in engineering ;)
 
Oh snap. (@bolbteppa)
 
@0celo7 The point is that I do not currently know how. Every method I can find for examining whether the Dirac representation admits a real form chooses a particular version of the gamma matrices one way or the other.
 
10:08 PM
@NeuroFuzzy did you catch my ramblings about the tangent space the other day
 
I'm fine with using the $\Gamma_a$, but I draw the line where I have to choose a basis of the representation space.
 
why?
 
haha
 
@0celo7 Because I find it inelegant. The existence of Majorana spinors has to be a property of the Clifford algebra itself, and one should be able to show their existence without picking a particular space from the equivalence class of representations.
 
what's so funny
@ACuriousMind There are plenty of things in linear algebra that require a basis, no?
I don't think it's that crazy you would need a representation in representation theory.
 
10:12 PM
@0celo7 Yes. Not sure i believe that "else it is very difficult to prove that TpM=TpUTpM=TpU for any open UU containing p" (copy paste screwy)
 
@NeuroFuzzy Why don't you believe that?
That the derivations of the algebra $C^\infty(U)$ are the same as those of $C^\infty(M)$ is not at all obvious.
(at some point $p\in U\subsetneq M $)
 
@0celo7 Yes, I am not saying there must be a way. I just feel there should.
 
@0celo7 That every element of $T_p M$ gets uniquely mapped into an element of $T_p(U)$ should be obvious (ie, you use curves $\gamma:\mathbb{R} \to M$, so just restrict the curve)
erm, open subset of R
 
@NeuroFuzzy No dude, not using curves.
I said it's trivial using curves.
 
Oh. Then use the equivalence of the definitions and then use curves? :D
 
10:16 PM
...I don't think you understood what the ramblings were about
 
-shrug- some weird non-smooth manifold stuff?
 
@0celo7 The thing with the signs gets worse, Kugo and Townsend refer to another paper for the method to determine one of the signs.
 
Yes, partially
@ACuriousMind Townsend...the string theorist?
What's his first name
 
@0celo7 Paul
why?
 
@ACuriousMind We have a Lawrence Townsend at my school who does theoretical physics.
 
10:18 PM
@0celo7 I was just concerned about alternative definitions of $T_p$ for differentiable manifolds.
 
@NeuroFuzzy For general differentiable?
You don't want to know
It's horrible
 
It's an equivalence class of charts and curves
It's terrible
For smooth manifolds everything is nice
 
\begin{align}
[H,\rho] & =\sum_{ikm}n_i\sigma_{i,jk}\delta_{lm}\rho_{kp,mq}-\rho_{jk,lm}n_i\sigma_{i,kp}\delta_{mq}\\
& = \sum_{ik}n_i\sigma_{i,jk}\delta_{ll}\rho_{kp,lq}-\rho_{jk,lq}n_i\sigma_{i,kp}\delta_{qq}\\
& = \sum_{ik}n_i\sigma_{i,jk}\rho_{kp,lq}-\rho_{jk,lq}n_i\sigma_{i,kp}\\
& = \sum_{ik}n_i\left( \sigma_{i,jk}\rho_{kp,lq}-\rho_{jk,lq}\sigma_{i,kp} \right)
\end{align}

Finally it makes sense! Now to see how to simplify further to show that all off diagonal entries in space 1 vanishes to complete the proof in index notation
 
@NeuroFuzzy If you want to see good enumeration of the various definitions, check Jeff Lee's geometry book.
 
10:20 PM
I have no idea what we're talking about but I'm assuming it's something I already know :p
 
in matrix representation gives me a nested matrix too gigantic to write on paper
 
@NeuroFuzzy There's the kinematical tangent space, the physical tangent space and the algebraic tangent space.
The physical one is the only one that can be generalized to $C^r$ manifolds, $r<\infty$.
I...think.
@NeuroFuzzy Never look into $C^r$ manifolds.
@ACuriousMind has tried to keep me from going insane
 
@0celo7 WTF? I can't recall ever using all orders or arbitrarily high orders of differentiability in any proof in the book i went through, "Manifolds, Tensors, and Forms" which covered all this stuff w/ mathematical definitions
 
@NeuroFuzzy Ironically, the serious serious differential topology literature uses the physicist definition :P
 
Ironic or indicative (arrogansmileyface)
 
10:26 PM
@bolbteppa Far more refined, of course.
 
I'm going to go do my Feynman diagram cominatorics
 
@NeuroFuzzy Oh, you did, implicitly. You don't need the higher derivatives themselves, but you need that the derivative of $C^\infty$ is in $C^\infty$ again, while the derivative of $C^r$ is only guaranteed to be $C^{r-1}$.
 
@NeuroFuzzy I think the curve definition can surely be generalized.
But the algebraic definition cannot, that's for sure.
I will get back to you on this issue.
@NeuroFuzzy Oh, no here's why
 
@0celo7 No need! I don't think it's within the realm of my interest.
 
Smooth functions have the amazing property that the derivative of a smooth function is smooth.
That's where things fail for $C^r$ manifolds.
Taking derivatives reduces regularity.
 
10:28 PM
I'm very happy with $C^2$ :)
 
@NeuroFuzzy You need a $C^3$ manifold for GR, I think.
Geroch proved something about that
Normal neighborhoods implies $C^3$?
I'm beginning to sound like @Slereah
 
"To the question "what is 2 + 3" a French primary school pupil replied: "3 + 2, since addition is commutative". He did not know what the sum was equal to and could not even understand what he was asked about!"
 
sounds like my mind of kid
@ACuriousMind Why?
@ACuriousMind I do not understand this.
@ACuriousMind I've never heard that.
Simple differentiability should be sufficient.
 
@0celo7 ??? You are only given "a derivation on $C^r$". You have no clue at all how differentiability is related to it, but you just cannot assume that a derivation on $C^r$ can be applied to something that a priori only lies in $C^{r-1}$.
The notion of "derivation on $C^r$" is purely algebraic. It has nothing to do with differentiability, that's what you want to prove by this computation.
 
@ACuriousMind Ohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
I only know that the Leibnitz rule works on $f,g$ when $f,g\in C^r(M)$ both?
But we showed that $f_i\in C^{r-1}(M)$
?
 
10:42 PM
Exactly. You would need to know $f_i\in C^r$.
 
And why don't we know that again? Why doesn't $f_ix^i\in C^r$ imply that?
 
@0celo7 It just doesn't. (At least I'm going to claim that unless you can prove that it does)
 
@ACuriousMind I need that "counterexamples in analysis" book.
@ACuriousMind It is apparently possible that $f$ is not diffable at 0 and $g$ is and $fg$ is.
 
@0celo7 Yes. The $\sin(1/x)$ times $x^2$ I linked yesterday is an example of that, no?
 
@ACuriousMind ...
Is that what needs to be shown?
Is that a counterexample to my claim
I don't think it is.
 
10:48 PM
Well, you claim that $fg\in C^r\implies f\in C^r$, right?
 
not differentiable is not a $C^k$ class
 
@0celo7 Oh...as I said, I'm pretty sure increasing the power of $x$ makes the thing more regular, I just haven't checked that.
 
Makes what thing more regular?
 
...I claim that $\sin(1/x)x^n$ becomes more regular with higher $n$.
 
I buy that. So?
 
10:52 PM
@0celo7 So, $\sin(1/x)x^2$ is $C^1$, but times $x^{n-2}$ it becomes (say) $C^{n/2}$. So this is a product that is $C^{n/2}$, but where one factor has lower regularity.
 
Oh, excellent.
I'll check the regularity of that.
@ACuriousMind $x^k\sin(1/x)\in C^{k-1}$.
 
Then there's your counterexample :)
 
@ACuriousMind Thank you, this has been most illuminating.
@NeuroFuzzy The issue with the definition Renteln uses is that on page 76, if $f\in C^r$, then $g_i$ need not be $C^r$. It's generally $C^{r-1}$. So you can't use the Leibnitz rule on the product $x_ig_i$.
@ACuriousMind Can I tell you how to construct the tangent space of a $C^r$ manifold
 
@0celo7 I don't know if you can, but honestly I'm not really interested in learning that.
 
@ACuriousMind It is possible
@ACuriousMind Let $\mathcal A$ be the maximal atlas for the $C^r$ manifold $M$. Let $\Gamma(p)=\{(p,v,(U,x))\in \{p\}\times\Bbb R^n\times\mathcal A\mid p\in U\}$. Let $(p,v,(U,x))\sim (p,w,(V,y))$ if $w=D(y\circ x^{-1})|_{x(p)}v$. Then $T_pM:=\Gamma_p/\sim$.
This is "a vector is something that transforms as a vector" in disguise.
 
11:12 PM
@0celo7 Hm, seeing it written like that makes me almost like that definition.
 
@ACuriousMind :)
50 cent is so awkward in videos.
@ACuriousMind Giving $\Gamma_p/\sim$ a vector space structure seems to be nontrivial.
It inherits a unique one from $\Bbb R^n$ but it takes some work to see this.
 
11:33 PM
@0celo7 Why? You can naturally add the vectors belonging to one chart and since the differential is linear this is compatible with the addition on vectors belonging to another chart.
 
@ACuriousMind What
You show that there is an isomorphism $b_{(U,x)}:\Bbb R^n\to \Gamma_p/\sim$ in each chart
Hmm
I need to check some details.
 
Hello, good evening
How are you guys doing?
 
@0celo7 I still think it's rather obvious. There's an $\mathbb{R}^n$ for each fixed chart, and the relation you're quotienting out is an isomorphism between the $\mathbb{R}^n$ of two different charts, i.e. exactly one vector of the $\mathbb{R}^n$ for one chart gets identified with exactly one vector of every other chart, so the quotient is $\mathbb{R}^n$.
 
@ACuriousMind you need the following theorem: Let $V_\alpha$ be a family of vector spaces, and suppose there is always a set isomorphism $b_\alpha:V_\alpha\to S$ into some set $S$. If $b_\beta^{-1}\circ b_\alpha:V_\alpha\to V_\beta$ is always a vector space isomorphism, there is a unique vector space structure on $S$ such that each $b_\alpha$ is a vector space isomorphism.
I'm thinking $b_\beta^{-1}\circ b_\alpha=\mathrm{id}_{\Bbb R^n}$ in this case.
 
@0celo7 I'm pretty sure it is $D(y\circ x^{-1})\rvert_{x(p)}$.
The maps $b_{(U,x)}$ are the maps mapping $(p,v,(U,x))$ to their equivalence classes. By definition of these classes, $b_{(V,y)}^{-1}\circ b_{(U,x)}$ is that differential.
 
11:47 PM
How the heck do you know that
 
By thinking :)
 
Implying I didn't think.
 
No, just implying your thoughts were not mine
 
Sadly!
@ACuriousMind Hmm
How did you arrive at that
I buy it but can't show it
 
Hm, I'm not sure I can explain that well, but I'll try:
The maps $b_{(U,x)}$ send vectors $(v,(U,x))$ to their equivalence class $[v]$. The maps $b_{(U,x)}^{-1}$ take an equivalence class $\omega$ and pick the unique vector $b_{(U,x)}^{-1}(\omega)$ such that $(b_{(U,x)}^{-1}(\omega),(U,x))$ belong to that class.Now, by definition, a vector belonging to $(V,y)$ that is in the same class as one belonging to $(U,x)$ is related to that vector by applying $D(y\circ x^{-1})\rvert_{x(p)}$.
 
11:59 PM
Umm, $b_{(U,x)}$ maps from $\Bbb R^n$, not equivalence classes.
 
So the $b^{-1}\circ b$ map is the differential, since it must map vectors in one class to vectors in the same class
 

« first day (2080 days earlier)      last day (2853 days later) »