Consider a two-sided coin. If I flip it $1000$ times and it lands heads up for each flip, what is the probability that the coin is unfair, and how do we quantify that if it is unfair? Furthermore, would it still be considered unfair for $50$ straight heads? $20$? $7$?

So I am currently reading fowless and cassidy there is something I am kinda of confused about in the section about geometric description of free rotation of a rigid body. I will present the stuff first that I am confused about and then I will ask my question. First of all from the following we h...

I've had a number of discussions with individuals about electromagnetism. A recurring issue concerns the distinction between field and force, and seems to be associated with the lack of unification in contemporary teaching. As we all know, Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism a hundred and f...

Why doesn't current induced by changes in flux affect the flux, while current induced by a battery does? Because electromagnetism features a "screw" mechanism. Take a look at Minkowski’s Space and Time: "In the description of the field caused by the electron itself, then it will appear that th...

According to relativity, If magnetic field is just an electric field viewed from a different frame of reference... Relativity doesn't quite say this. Take a look at Minkowski's Space and Time: "In the description of the field caused by the electron itself, then it will appear that the division o...

Now, from Coulomb's Law we can find a vector for the electric field due to this electron at all points in this space. When you read about Coulomb's law, you can see that it describes the force between two charged particles. When you set them down such that they have no initial relative motion, ...

How can really a field exert force on the charges that created the field? See section 11.10 of Jackson's Classical Electrodynamics where he says "one should properly speak of the electromagnetic field Fμν rather than E or B separately". Now think of a single electron, just sitting there in space...

How are electrons responsible for magnetic field around a wire? Via the "screw" nature of electromagnetism. Minkowski referred to this in Space and Time, as did Maxwell in On Physical Lines of Force: "a motion of translation along an axis cannot produce a rotation about that axis unless it meets...

I am having some conceptual difficulties with energy and momentum stored in the EM field. Maybe that's because there's some conflation between field and force. See Minkowski's Space and Time: "In the description of the field caused by the electron itself, then it will appear that the division o...

Because at the fundamental level, there is no induced field. EMF is electromotive force. To understand this, simplify the situation down to a single electron. It has an electromagnetic field. If however you were a charged particle with no initial relative motion with respect to the electron, yo...