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15:02
I guess the point to be made is just this. Consider a function of the form $p(x)e^{-x^2/2}$ where $p(x)$ is polynomial in $x$. Is this square-integrable?
Yeah because the exponential vanishes
like when you do a transform
more precisely, the exponential vanishes more quickly than any polynomial increases
Oh
so it goes to zero instead of blowing up like the polynomial alone would
How does one prove that?
That the exponential vanishes more quickly than any polynomial increases
nevermind
brain aneurysm, i got poly and function switched in my head
15:05
now suppose you multiply $p(x)e^{-x^2/2}$ by $x$. Is there any possibility of this not being square integrable as well?
uh im not entirely sure on the condition that makes the exponential vanish more than the other function increases so I cant say
@Semiclassical what does "sufficiently fast" mean in this context?
I guess id wager that for most cases it ends up being square integrable
@0ßelö7 $\phi(x)$ normalizable but not $x\phi(x)$.
@Semiclassical No
15:07
indeed not.
$e^{-x^2}$ is a Schwartz function
the point is that if $p(x)$ is a polynomial in $x$, then so is $xp(x)$.
it and all of its derivatives decay faster than any polynomial
so if $e^{-x^2}$ decays faster at infinity than any polynomial, then it decays faster than $xp(x)$ as well.
@Semiclassical Oh. Something like $1/x$ but smoothed near $0$.
15:08
right.
I was thinking something like $\phi(x)=(1+x^2)^{-1/2}$ but couldn't remember if there was a nice potential for that.
hang on
another dumb question
since the exponential is infinitely differentiable
couldn't you expand it AS a polynomial?
Not for large $x$, you can't.
For small $x$, sure. But small $x$ isn't the point here.
first: not all smooth functions are analytic
second: never taylor expand
15:11
@0ßelö7 just to check, we're agreeing right now right? :P
@Semiclassical exp is analytic, but it's best to just forget about analytic functions altogether
you get into all sorts of trouble if you assume functions are analytic
SemiC is saying e^(x^2) is not analytic at infinity
true.
right.
e^(x^2) at infinity is almost a canonical example of how nice-looking functions can behave weirdly
the series converges uniformly on compact intervals
(one usually talks instead about e^(-1/x^2) at small x, but same difference)
15:13
@Semiclassical bump functions 101
@BalarkaSen that's not a bump function
the usual bump function is $\exp(-1/(1-x^2))$
everyone knows that
@Semiclassical er, I meant e^(-x^2), typo
(I hope you meant that too)
right
concrete example time: Suppose $V(x)=(2x^2-1)/(1+x^2)^2$. This has a valley in the center, peaks away from that, and then goes to zero as $V(x)\sim 2/x^2$ for large $x$.
Turns out if $\phi(x)=1/\sqrt{1+x^2}$ then $-\phi''(x)+V(x)\phi(x)=0$, so $\phi(x)$ is a zero energy eigenstate of this potential.
however, $x\phi(x)\to \pm 1$ as $x\to\pm \infty$. So $x\phi(x)$ is not normalizable despite $\phi(x)$ being normalizable.
now im confused in a differeny way
So this is an example where $\
15:20
I thought this conversation was about why xf(x) IS normally normalisable
It's turned into me giving an example of where it'd go wrong, I guess.
One thing to note, I guess, is that in this case there's no binding energy: the potential energy at infinity is zero, and the total energy is zero
so let me check if I have this right
by contrast, I think any normalizable state $\phi(x)$ with $E<0$ would also have $x\phi(x)$ normalizable
15:23
Actually
First
You write a lot about how a function tends to another for large x, and how that describes its behaviour when it goes to zero
To say that something vanishes "fast", does it have to approach a different, standard function that is known to also vanish "fast"?
I'm still a bit tripped up by the language
this is me being sloppy
if you want $\phi(x)$ to be square integrable, though, you need the integral $\int_{-\infty}^\infty \phi(x)^2\,dx$ to be finite.
Is converging to zero equivalent to "vanishing fast"?
ok cool
and that won't work if $\phi(x)^2 \sim 1/x$, since then the antiderivative of $\phi(x)^2$ would behave like $\ln x$ (which diverges at infinity)
i meant the antiderivative converging to zero as $x \to \infty$
that was shoddy communication from me
@ACuriousMind (or other mod) got hit again with another seemingly serial dv attack :( :(
15:27
I don't follow.
i edited it
if $\phi(x) \sim |x|^{-1/2}$ for large $x$, then it goes to zero as $x\to\infty$. But in that case $\phi(x)^2\sim |x|^{-1}\implies$ the antiderivative of $\phi(x)^2$ behaves like $\ln |x|$ at infinity
yeah
and $\ln |x|$ blows up at infinity, so you don't have a convergent integral
so $\phi(x)\to 0$ isn't sufficient.
cool
I was asking about the integral rather than the function
15:29
ah
which brings me to a side question
the integral needs to be finite
which puts certain conditions on how $\phi(x)$ can behave asymptotically for large $x$.
I was trying to communicate that the integral tends to zero but I mean that the Value of the function you get my integrating tends to zero
How do you actually communicate that
$\int f dx (x)$?
the antiderivative goes to zero at infinity? that's what I've been doing above.
Im just asking a notation question really
15:31
(more generally, if $\phi(x)\sim |x|^{-p}$ for large $x$ then $\phi(x)^2\sim |x|^{-2p}\implies$ antiderivative behaves like $|x|^{1-2p}$, which goes to zero if $p>1/2$.)
$lim_{x \to \infty}f^{(-1)}(x)$
I guess that
where the superscript is like the old dash notation for derivatives?
eh, maybe. can't say I really like that
What would you recommend? I just want a way to write it people will understand
because im bad at explaining with words
$\int^x f(x')dx'\to 0$ as $x\to\infty$
ahhhhhhhhhhh of course
15:34
(i'm omitting the lower endpoint because it's irrelevant here)
didnt think of using the \int with just one limit
could I ask some other basic questions?
I think I'm going to have to take a break.
fair, thanks anyway
0
A: Energy loss in Capacitors

Seetu yadav question is physics unit 1 by electrostatic

that's a new one
15:47
@EmilioPisanty da fug
@Semiclassical yeah, I know
why would someone do that?
so: NAA or VLQ? :P
(I flagged as NAA)
@Semiclassical NAA
Hey @JohnRennie a.k.a. GRguru, any chance for a nice essay on curvature?
1
Q: When a massive object warps the space around it, does the amount of space expand?

JopsI may have watched those physics shows for too long, but the warping of space is usually described as a surface which bends. Whenever that happens, the surface they are showing increases in surface area. (like those weighty spheres on a stretched rubber surface) I was wondering if this is practi...

15:50
for it to be VLQ I feel like there'd actually have to be some kind of answer however specious
and that one is just a non sequitor
@Semiclassical VLQ is a complicated flag, but if it falls under NAA then just go with that and rid yourself of the complications
right
any time spent debating on that question is wasted
yeah, I know
that time should be spent admiring the images
I mean
what's not to love?
@EmilioPisanty you're so too late :-)
@JohnRennie =P
15:53
as an answer to the question, it's worthless. as an instance of dadaism, it's brilliant
on the other hand, you very casually use the word "radius" like it can be unambiguously defined
(actually, it could probably be made even more WTF.)
@EmilioPisanty what baffles me is that someone obviously went to some trouble to provide that answer. Maybe it is an artistic statement :-)
@Semiclassical Nice one!
@JohnRennie yeah, that's what baffles me as well
@JohnRennie I was thinking more in terms of the nonlinear relationship between radius and circumference
15:55
I'mma post an answer to the question John Rennie just answered with a snapshot of the cover page of Hawkings-Ellis and Crash Bandicoot photoshopped over it now
@EmilioPisanty the Schwarzschild $r$ coordinate is of course unambiguously defined. The question is whether I can squeeze that into the answer without causing confusion.
@JohnRennie I tend to think that the current formulation is too ambiguous to be useful
@BalarkaSen Crash Bandicoot! I'd upvote any answer with Crash Bandicoot in it :-)
The hours I spent playing Crash Bandicoot games!
15:58
@BalarkaSen well, you know, both you and @JohnRennie should watch out
> Hawking Built The Big Bang On A Foundation Of Quicksand
Beautiful
what it says on the tin, pretty much
not that the other talks in that session look very good, but that was seriously at an APS meeting?!?
16:01
@Semiclassical mind the session title
> Session Y9: New Directions in Astrophysics
sure, but
I'm not sure when APS started hiring brits for the position in charge of euphemistically naming sessions
but whoever they got was a brilliant hire
calling that a new direction in astrophysics is like calling "tripping over your own shoes tied together" a new direction in human transportation
well, that session is what some people might colloquially call the crackpot session
16:03
it's a staple at APS meetings
i.e. it's too much trouble for APS to turn them away so they often just give them a session to themselves and that's that
"Abandon all hope, ye who enter here"
@Semiclassical you'd be surprised at how many people actually turn up
i find it depressing that you're probably right
though not all of the session attendance is motivated by a scholarly desire to learn from the speakers
in fact rather the opposite
well, sure
16:05
it's a bit cruel to turn up to that kinda session just looking for a laugh
but hey, I've done it, so there
lol
"If making fun of crackpots is wrong, I don't want to be right" ?
@EmilioPisanty what do they talk about
well, did you see the abstract linked above?
i'm not entirely sure that's representative, but it seems a good starting point
I did not
16:21
@Semiclassical @0ßelö7 the abstract above is representative (link)
@JohnRennie I'm not going to say your answer is wrong, but spacetime isn't a metric space so the analogy with balls and circles doesn't work.
It's true on the spatial slices, but the curvature of the whole thing cannot be interpreted like that.
the one I saw that I remember the most was this one meetings.aps.org/Meeting/APR15/Session/H14.8
@0ßelö7 yes agreed. It's better than pretending it's a rubber sheet though :-)
16:24
If someone is going to be a crackpot they could at least make the effort to be a coherent crackpot :-)
maybe it's coherent in their own head, but decoheres rapidly in the presence of an observing audience? :P
I guess this is the Crackpot Measurement problem: Is a crackpot internally consistent within their head?
@JohnRennie I dunno, I think of geometry in terms of rubber sheets.
@Semiclassical I can testify, from experience, that the presence of an audience does little to alter the speaker's impression of the coherence of the material
@0ßelö7 that's because you're Riemannian and the rest of us are just pseudos
@EmilioPisanty I've seen a lot but that one is truly exceptional
16:28
I got a whole new appreciation for that kinda thing that week
nowadays, when I see e.g. a Concave Earth video, and part of me says "surely the guy is just doing it for a laugh, he can't be serious", the other part of me goes "remember all them guys in APS who were about as crazy but were definitely serious about it?"
@JohnRennie in the pseudo case, curvature has nothing to do with anything we can imagine
We can't even imagine what 2D Minkowski space is. We have no idea what that metric means
@EmilioPisanty The conspiracy theory I actually saw someone on campus advocating for on the street was that satellites don't exist
So the rubber sheet analogy is fine because there is no correct interpretation in human terms
I don't want to believe that person was serious, but I find it hard to doubt
@ACuriousMind the last line is gold
@Semiclassical I'm agnostic to such things
I don't know if there are satellites or not
16:34
...
okay then
i have no evidence of it
Just people telling me
IMO that's the only reasonable conclusion
@0ßelö7 Haven't you seen satellites passing at night?
@JohnRennie no
Really?
I live in a city, I can't even see stars at night
16:35
That's ... a bit sad really.
BALEETED
@JohnRennie I used to not live in the city and I saw mysterious things in the sky
"That's a bit sad." "You're sad." "...yes, that's what I just said."
But no evidence that it was a satellite
When I was a teenager we used to have few beers, smoke a little, then lie on our backs in a field gazing up at the sky. All very cosmic (man).
16:37
@JohnRennie also I'm a bit offended by the implication that I'm only Riemannian
I'm positively definite that you are :-)
Damn, that's a good pun.
(and you thought there was no such thing as a relativistic Dad joke)
I'm mad but also smiling
@JohnRennie nah, just gotta tell it fast enough
16:42
Hey folks
I'm trying to make a graphical representation of a quantum computer in javascript
it's not too easy
Single particle state is fine
@Slereah you sound surprised
Doing entanglement is gonna be complicated
@ACuriousMind I'm a bit sad that it's gone
it was a work of art, that one
Entanglement is probably okay to represent with 2 particles, but that's gonna be cluttered
More than 2 and it's gonna be a mess
17:06
@Slereah I need to come up with a reading plan
Like one book for 1.5 hours every day
Rotate books
You can't read a book upside down
@Slereah yeah I can
It's trivial
 
2 hours later…
19:07
@ACuriousMind how the fuck do these algebraists just know that A_5 is a symmetry group of a dodecahedron
@BalarkaSen nice
Going for the god memes
lol you noticed senpai
@JohnRennie Are you around?
@0ßelö7 I think some nontrivial amount of algebra goes into that
Like, first you have to show it's simple
That's a class equation manipulation
@DavidZ I hope you don't mind this edit.
Once you know that, you have to invoke there's only one simple group of order 60
That's A5
19:19
@BernardoMeurer Hi :-)
What's up?
@JohnRennie So, I'm rebuilding my audio stack now that I moved
And I wanted to add a music server
But I want it to double as a distcc client and I'd like it to have a GPU for some compute stuff I'm doing
Mostly hashing
I was thinking getting a used dell optiplex b/c I can lay it sideways
and literally stack it with the amp, cassette deck, etc
Any recommendations/ideas/etc?
The Optiplex will be noisy
Any alternatives?
19:23
I don't think you should try to combine the two roles.
$$$
I guess
I guess I can have a raspberry pi
Buy a cheap laptop to use as the music server.
the cheapest of laptops :P
With SSH
Even a cheap laptop will sound great with a decent DAC, and laptops are silent and sip electricity
(walking to library, be right back)
19:25
If you're building a machine with a GPU to use for number crunching then even the GPU will cost more than a decent laptop.
My point is that once you've budgeted for building a number crunching PC adding a laptop won't bump up the cost very much.
My new laptop was very cheap, but I notice all kinds of problems with it.
@BernardoMeurer: Just look at these
@Jasper what laptop is it?
@JohnRennie It's a Lenovo Ideapad 110. Optical disc drive: need to put CD in a few times to detect. Wireless: goes off for a minute every hour. TeXworks editor: takes 14 seconds to start up after clicking icon. HD videos: sometimes the picture freezes. LOL
@Jasper Lenovos are basically fine if rather cheaply built. Remove the hard disk, put in an SSD and do a nice clean install of Windows 10 and that will transform your machine. Cost will be about £75 for a 256GB SSD.
Sid
Sid
@JohnRennie Is it bad to connect a laptop to the charger all the time?
19:36
@JohnRennie Ah, so you think that SSD is better than HDD?
@JohnRennie Am I not better suited by a Raspberry Pi (or some single-board PC of the short) connected to an SSD and then buying a proper DAC
@Jasper The speed increase when you put in an SSD is unbelievable. SSDs are expensive but worth every penny.
Because a laptop won't fit my stack
Sid
Sid
@JohnRennie My friend claims it will damage the laptop's battery.
How wrong is he?
19:37
@BernardoMeurer can do I guess. I don't have any experience of working with the RPi and I have lots of experience of Dell laptops :-)
@JohnRennie It's just because there'll be a turntable on top of the stack, so I can't have the laptop there
Although disabling the sleep-on-close it could work
@Sid if you leave the laptop on the charger the laptop will charge the battery to 100% then stop charging it. In effect the battery is then disconnected. So by leaving the charger connected all the time you are effectively storing the battery in a fully charged state.
But at that point I'd rather spend 30 bucks on an ARM pc, and invest in a good DAC
@JohnRennie That's true on Dell, but not across the board AFAIK. Even in my Dell I can disable that and tell the computer to be dumb
Sid
Sid
@JohnRennie He claims it overheats the laptop.
Is that supposed to be bad?
@Sid in theory storing a battery fully charged can reduce it's life. You're normally recommended to store batteries with about 2/3 charge. However with a modern battery the effect is likely to be small.
It doesn't overheat the laptop. That is, to use a technical term, complete bollocks.
@BernardoMeurer I'd probably go with the RPi. It's $30! The DAC you can reuse if/when you do buy something else to use.
19:42
Yeah :)
And I can run Arch Linux on it which I have a good mastery of
Just this week I managed to get BTRFS working with full-system LUKS encryption + LZO compression
@BernardoMeurer my main point is that you will normally want to keep the number cruncher off and only fire it up when you need it. You can use WOL to turn it on so you don't even need to walk over to it :-)
Even my boot partition is encrypted!
That's what I do. I have a mofo Xeon based server in the spare room and I wake it when I have some crunching (usually video resampling) to do.
Does it have GPUs?
19:44
Dammit
But then I don't have any software that could use a GPU.
The makerspace has a nice machine with a 1080, but they don't know how to setup SSH ::eyerolls::
I have to say I would use RDP. It's supported on *nix. For a remote graphical session it's the best protocol I know.
I don't want a graphical session :(
I'm sshing to Brazil I want as few bytes as possible
We all pretend to be command line demons, but a GUI is quicker and easier. That's life :-)
RDP is astonishingly good at handling low bandwidth connections. I've used it over ISDN lines and it's still usable.
19:48
For some things, I like a GUI for editing my GRUB2 configurations for example
I hate using CLI for that
Sid
Sid
@JohnRennie So, basically I don't have to worry about anything and my friend is simply speaking nonsense.
@Sid I don't know what model your laptop is and how it's charging circuitry works, but as a general rule you needn't worry.
@JohnRennie But to be honest, I am much faster doing things on the CLI than I am on a GUI generally, just because I know the commands by heart and I type fast. The time to figure somoething out, however, is much longer (going to man, --help, googling, etc)
on a GUI you just go clicking around till you find what you need
The CLI and GUI both have their place. The point is that with a GUI you can open a terminal any time you want. I use the Windows command prompt all the time, but ina GUI session.
Yeah, but my thing is I just really, really don't need a GUI
I just run one command and it takes several hours to complete
And the output is a file I automagically send to the host over rsync
19:52
@JohnRennie I recall speeding a bunch of my advisor's dollars on a 10,000 rpm drive for my grad school computer because I had concluded that our Monte Carlo and analysis programs spent an inordinate amount of time waiting for disk IO.
That's pretty good
In principle that 400 MhZ PII desktop was about one-quarter the horsepower of the HP minis that formed our main analysis machines. IN practice if could rum MC 50% faster and analysis almost twice as fast.
and I have an 8GB RAM stick laying around
@dmckee to be fair I shouldn't make blanket statements about speed because you really need to monitor to identify the bottlenecks. But with modern laptops the disk is almost lways the bottleneck.
Manufacturers put in 5,400 rpm disks to save cost, but it really hobbles the laptop.
@BernardoMeurer no disk, but you'd want to junk the disk and fit an SSD anyway.
19:56
@JohnRennie Well, those HP just ran several MC or analyzers and swapped out when waiting, so they got more done overall. They were impressive machines. But my analysis finished faster by doing it on my desktop and using the fast disk.
Note that laptop doesn't have the special disk connector that E6230s need, but you can get those to $5 on eBay. It's called an interposer.
@JohnRennie If I do get a cheapo laptop I'd like it to be a thinkpad, they look the best closed down (all black, brick-shape)
Not a Dell! Heretic! Burn him!
Sid
Sid
@JohnRennie ....I have got a Lenovo
@JohnRennie Isn't a thinkpad lenovo now? USed to be IBM but they sold it.
Sid
Sid
19:57
(Lenovo G50)
@dmckee yeah, it's Lenovo Thinkpad instead of IBM Thinkpad
The g50 is a nice laptop.
Still the great looks though
Sid
Sid
Yeah, It hasn't given up on me yet
Thinkpads are very nice laptops. It's just that I have no experience of them so I can't advise on buying them.
20:00
hello
Anyhow, I have to drag my sorry carcass off to bed. I need to be at work in 8 hours. See you all tomorrow.
good night @JohnRennie =)
Sid
Sid
20:18
I am sleeping <4 hours for the last week.
Is that bad?
@Sid Yes, very bad.
Sid
Sid
I do take naps sometimes
@Sid yeah, you need more than 4 hours of sleep over 7 days
If you are not sick, try to avoid naps and sleep 8 hours every day.
Sid
Sid
20:23
I am surviving okay so far. 8 hours is too much. I can't sleep for 8 hours
hey, 3k+ peoples - there's 24 cvs in the review queue.
please head on over to do some reviewing =)
There are some people in the world who do not need to sleep.
@Sid the key words being "so far"
@EmilioPisanty no problem. I didn't realize it was mod-only on this site.
And there is one who I think does not need to eat. An Indian holy man who seems to be able to convert sunlight into energy.
Of course, people won't believe this is a genuine case, but I think it is certainly a possibility.
Sid
Sid
20:25
Yeah, well I definitely need to eat.
@Jasper Eh, uninterrupted ~ 8 hour sleep is a modern invention - our ancestors were fine with two ~4-hour periods with some awaking at night. Unless you have some medical condition, just sleeping when you feel tired works.
@ACuriousMind Hmm, I think you are right. That's what I find myself doing these days actually.
Sid
Sid
If I add naps to 4 hours of sleep.. I might get it to around 6 hours.
Prahlad Jani (Gujarati: પ્રહલાદ જાની), also known as "Mataji", (born Chunriwala Mataji, 13 August 1929) is an Indian breatharian sadhu who claims to have lived without food and water since 1940. He says that the goddess Amba sustains him. == Early life == Born Chunriwala Mataji, Jani grew up in Charada village in Mehsana district. According to Jani, he left his home in Rajasthan at the age of seven, and went to live in the jungle. At the age of 11, Jani underwent a religious experience and became a follower of the Hindu goddess Amba. From that time, he chose to dress as a female devotee of Amba...
That is the man who does not need to eat.
@Sid for the whole week?
and i thought i was tired in the morning...=P
20:30
There are also some people with plant-like structures growing out from their bodies. I watched a documentary on this before.
@BalarkaSen the coarse geometry seminar was really interesting today
Sid
Sid
@heather ~4 hours of uninterrupted sleep per day. Around an hour and haf of naps
noncompact index theory.
@Sid oh per day, phew
that's a lot better.
@ACuriousMind Can you roughly tell me what "Witten's Morse theory" is?
20:34
I have gone for about 30 hours without sleep before. That is the maximum for myself.
@0ßelö7 That refers to this paper, I believe
Sid
Sid
@heather 4 hours of sleep per week? That would be my roommate 's sleep schedule
I read it once but I don't recall enough from it to give a confident summary
Sid
Sid
Anyway, I should try and sleep for now
Yes, you should. Zzzzzzz.......
Sid
Sid
20:37
It is 2 AM. So..4 hours should be enough for me
@ACuriousMind What is "It is shown that the Morse inequalities can be obtained by consideration of a certain supersymmet
ric quantum mechanics Hamiltonian" supposed to mean?
Like from physics? That sounds like deriving $\pi$ from quantum mechanics
Pi can be derived from the supermarket.
@0ßelö7 Nah, he's just using techniques usually applied to supersymmetric systems to analyse the Laplacian, which gives a new proof of the Morse inequalities
@ACuriousMind what the heck does the Laplacian have to do with physics?
@0ßelö7 That's a silly question :P (since it appears in plenty of physics). In any case, for a simple supersymmetric system, you have two supersymmetry operators $Q_1,Q_2$, and $Q_1^2 = Q_2^2 = H$. If you take $Q_1 = \mathrm{d} + \mathrm{d}^\dagger$ and $Q_2 = \mathrm{i}(\mathrm{d} - \mathrm{d}^\dagger)$, you get $H = \mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}^\dagger + \mathrm{d}^\dagger \mathrm{d}$, i.e. the "Hamiltonian" is the Laplacian. For more details you'll have to read the paper.
20:49
@ACuriousMind I've never seen it in the context of compact Riemannian manifolds and SUSY
21:32
@JohnRennie whoever came up with this language was an insane person
21:56
@EmilioPisanty possibly worth a bounty:
2
Q: Noisy limit of sinusoidal modulation of the frequency of a two level system

user129412I've been reading the paper Motional Averaging in a Superconducting Qubit by Li et al. from 2011, in which they study what happens when they modulate the frequency of a two level system. Specifically, they study a system with the Hamiltonian \begin{equation} H(t) = \frac{\hbar}{2}[\omega_0 + \d...

user228700
Hi, everyone :-) Is anybody free to help me with an incredibly dumb question about electric power that I have had for ages?
user228700
Do ping me if you do!
22:32
@ACuriousMind How are you love?

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