The Shapiro time delay effect, or gravitational time delay effect, is one of the four classic solar system tests of general relativity. Radar signals passing near a massive object take slightly longer to travel to a target and longer to return than they would if the mass of the object were not present. The time delay is caused by the slowing passage of light as it moves over a finite distance through a change in gravitational potential. In an article entitled Fourth Test of General Relativity, Shapiro wrote
Because, according to the general theory, the speed of a light wave depends on the strength...