external resources to what can be seen in this chatroom are heavily frowned upon, though for example you can use ATaco's thing to render MathJax or imgur to upload an image
If it's the word your defending, you can pass before any contacts (to signify that you think someone's got it). Otherwise in general you pass after contacts
I considered heat for 2 and also heathen for 1, but I couldn't come up with a good enough justification for that being 1. I should probably have guessed more
@boboquack I know it's referring to a specific Puzzling Stack Exchange puzzle although I've forgotten which exact one and it's not helping with 11', 12'
In the puzzle text for Ludicrous Loop (apparently) each paragraph started with a variation of "Ladies and gentlemen" where only the first syllable was correct from the second paragraph onwards
4: Quoth xkcd (probably incorrectly) "Oh, when it's in the sky it's called ???" text: "My hobby: confusing people by mixing up linguistically pedantic terms"