@ChristianHupfer @yo' What does it mean to construct a language in that sense? Is the idea that it is possible to posit a common ancestor for all languages in a certain group?
@ChristianHupfer German also gets penguin from Welsh, it seems. (Via English or Dutch.)
@cfr Well, there are two things for the Slavic language: the Old-Slavic, and the Pre-Slavic. The Old-Slavic is certain to exist and it indeed is a common predecessor of all Slavic languages. However, some things indicate that a Pre-Slavic language had to exist, it has been constructed to some extent, however, it hasn't be proved to have existed.
@ChristianHupfer Welsh has different third person forms of the verb to be depending on their grammatical role in the sentence. (Nothing to do with gender.)
@ChristianHupfer indeed. 3 genders, 4 cases, moreover only the article changes. The only things that make German interesting are the consonant ch, presence of nicht at the very end of a sub-sentence and the compound words ;)
@yo' Doesn't have 4 genders, though. At least there's that. My linguistic vocabulary is not really equal to this conversation. (I would do a bit better in Welsh.) But proverbs? Good grief!
@yo' 2 genders. Don't know how to count cases - maybe we don't have them? (Not sure this is possible or not.) Oh. Pronouns. Of course. (I was wondering about adverbs.) Pronouns makes more sense.
And gender only affects the pronouns, adjectives mostly. But gender also affects the word itself if it follows the definite article. (No indefinite article to worry about.)
@cfr for half of the verbs, the present tense does not exist; these have a simple future tense. The other ones, that have the present tense, use the composed future tense.
@yo' Welsh does not, strictly speaking, have a future tense at all. That is, the future and the present are one. The more formal the language, the more this is true.
I'm looking for a way to include an image that I put a border around. The border should around but overlap the image using 50% transparency so that it seems like the image is fading out...
@Werner I can show the code here, but I'm going to suggest you ask a question on the main site about this, since I'm sure the wizards can come up with a better solution than I. :-)
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,fadings}
\tikzfading[name=fade left,
left color=transparent!100,
right color=transparent!0]
\tikzfading[name=fade right,
right color=transparent!100,
left color=transparent!0]
\tikzfading[name=fade down,
bottom color=transparent!100,
top color=transparent!0]
\tikzfading[name=fade up,
top color=transparent!100,
bottom color=transparent!0]
@cfr @ChristianHupfer I can't imagine how a close/reopen vote period would work. (ad meta.tex.stackexchange.com/questions/5913/…) As I said, the system very correctly discourages close and reopen ping-pong by not allowing users vote again. The standard thing to do in such cases is on TeX.SX to simply start a meta discussion, as I did.
@cfr Rarely a question is closed (other than obvious duplicates) without some explanation in the comments, I mean, on TeX.SX. On other sites, this is very common. Here, we mostly seem to follow Rule 1 strictly: Explain the person what is happening before you take the action, and only take the action after the person understands it or when you believe it's not possible to explain it more.
@Johannes_B: the system applies the quickest search. :)
When you say "I wrote a program that crashed Windows", people just stare at
you blankly and say "Hey, I got those with the system, *for free*".
-- Linus Torvalds
LaTeX is more or less built to typeset books, particularly (but not exclusively) scientific literature. It is less obvious that LaTeX is also extremely good at producing
Songbooks
Play scripts
Chess diagrams
Linguistic literature and IPA
Bibles
Dictionaries
Presentations
Can people mention ot...
@JosephWright I see that one got closed again. I voted to close originally but having it oscillate between open and close as groups of 5 people pass by can't be good.
@DavidCarlisle sounds correct. However, so far there seems to be no consensus which is the correct state. It seems as one of the rare cases where even meta discussion doesn't help... :-/
@yo' Indeed. I guess for some people it's obvious that LaTeX is complicated (I guess 'more complicated than necessary'), and for them the question is thus objective. On the other hand, as pointed out in comments complexity comes in part from unfamiliarity, ...
@DavidCarlisle Certainly it's one I'm keeping away from in terms of open/close status
@DavidCarlisle The argument for closing it I guess is that existing questions do tell people what is acceptable: if this debate is OK then ...
pythonTex is really nice package! I am learning it now. Much easier to program in Python inside Latex than having to do \def\let\\fi\makeLetter@ stuff all the time! I think I will use this more from now on.
I wrote a small note just now on it: 12000.org/my_notes/python_in_latex/index.htm my first Python program in Latex:
\documentclass[11pt]{article}%
\usepackage{pythontex}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\begin{document}
\begin{pyconsole}
x = 987.27
x = x**2
\end{pyconsole}
The variable is $x=\pycon{x}$
\end{document}
@DavidCarlisle yes, I am now using lualatex all the time. I heared about lua but never seen it. Is it as flexible/general programming language as Python ?
@Nasser It's much smaller than python but its executable and many of its core libraries are compiled in to the luatex executable, that's the whole point of luatex.
Everything is right with the world. I provide a quick workaround and pointer to the problem without any real analysis. @egreg provides full analysis and fix which also works in utf8 as OP wanted. I get the tick.
@Nasser yes, currently luatex has lua 5.2 although lua 5.3 just came out and they may switch to that, probably doesn't make too much difference for teh kind of use here though.
@Nasser latex would not be mentioned in the lua pages. It is the other way round, luatex incorporates the lua language, but unlike pythontex which does it by calling an external command luatex integrates lua in the engine internals
@DavidCarlisle do I need the luacode package then? ctan.mirrorcatalogs.com/macros/luatex/latex/luacode/luacode.pdf I am searching for very simple examples of Lua code inside Latex and having hard time finding simple examples so far, but will keep searching...if this package is what I need, then I can use examples in it as starting point.
I'm trying to understand the basics of lua programming within LaTeX.
I have this simple function in a file called luatest.lua:
function fact (n)
if n == 0 then
return 1
else
return n * fact(n-1)
end
end
Then I have an usual .tex file:
\documentclass{article}
\directlua{dofile(...
@Johannes_B RE uppercasing: I was the copy-editor for a systems engineering periodical for several years. Most of my work was lowercasing Important Buzzwords and spelling out acronyms.
All the lua examples are so complicated. Is there a way to translate this very basic latex which just prints a x^2 using Lua so I can see how it is used? I'd like the lua code in latex itself, like with python. Here is the MWE
UPDM = Unified Modeling Language Profile for the United States Department of Defense Architecture Framework and the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense Architecture Framework (or somethign like that)
\documentclass[11pt]{article}%
\usepackage{pythontex}
\begin{document}
\begin{pyconsole}
x = 987.27
x = x**2
\end{pyconsole}
The variable is $x=\pycon{x}$
\end{document}
How would the above look like in Lua?
I compile the above like this lualatex foo.tex /usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/scripts/pythontex/pythontex.py foo.tex lualatex foo.tex
@JosephWright thanks. But I meant to have the variables computed in one "area", and then used in Latex. Like with the example I show. This will make it easier to see things. Is it possible to do the same in Lua?
In the Python example, x is python variable, the I access it anywhere in latex later on, using \pycon{variableName}
@Nasser you could use that factorial function example in the link above and inline the function definition with \directlua rather than have it in a separate file
\documentclass{article}
\directlua{
function fact (n)
if n == 0 then
return 1
else
return n * fact(n-1)
end
end
}
\newcommand*{\myluafact}[1]{%
\directlua{tex.write(fact(#1))}%
}
\begin{document}
test \myluafact{5}
\end{document}
@DavidCarlisle thanks, so one must setup an "interface" to the function "fact" by first creating a newcommand*? I thought one can do "\fact{5}" directly from lualatex, since it is "build in"? no problem. So for each Lua function, one needs to make it a Latex command first, then one can call it.
\documentclass[11pt]{article}%
\begin{document}
\directlua{
x = 987.27
x = x^2
}
The variable is $x=\directlua{tex.write(x)}$
\end{document}
\documentclass{article}
@JosephWright thanks. Your code it too advanced for me to figure out :). I understand @DavidCarlisle example more, since it is simpler. I only have 20 minutes experience with Lua but will keep all these example for reference. I'd like to learn more about this Lua language.
@AndrewCashner Not really, unless you were crazy enough to implement a IEEE floating point arithmetic unit to do the calculation "by hand" in the macro layer, and not use the TeX arithmetic at all. Now who'd be crazy enough to do that.....
@Johannes_B I think it was a quick way to get the vertical spacing of the content of those pages correct. There may be a nicer way to do it, but this worked.
@AndrewCashner As @DavidCarlisle says, this uses an IEEE FPU implemented in TeX in an expandable manner (well, in e-TeX + \pdfstrcmp: doesn't work with TeX90)
I have been programming Latex the other way. I write Latex in Mathematica, using WriteString[file,"\\begin{document}"] like this. One nice thing, is that I can use the computation in-line as I build the string. Like this WriteString[file,"The mass is $"<>ToString[x^3-Exp[z^4]]<>"$ and so on"];
\RequirePackage{l3regex}
\RequirePackage{l3tl-analysis}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { a ^ b # c & d }
\regex_replace_all:nnN { \w+ } { X } \l_tmpa_tl
\tl_show_analysis:N \l_tmpa_tl
@JosephWright I just saw your message about TUG membership. I had a personal membership until last year, but I couldn't renew it. Would it be too late to add my name to the list of possible candidates for a 2015 membership?
Very cool The token list \l_tmpa_tl contains the tokens: > X (subscript character X) > ^ (superscript character ^) > X (subscript character X) > # (macro parameter character #) > X (subscript character X) > & (alignment tab character &) > X (subscript character X).
@AndrewCashner Note you have to read carefully how the regex engines handles catcodes: these are unique to it in terms of regex syntax. See for example tex.stackexchange.com/questions/88394/…
I noticed something strange when calling C-h v (describe-variable) on exec-path today:
exec-path is a variable defined in `C source code'.
Its value is
("/usr/bin" ...)
Original value was
("/home/juergen/.opam/4.02.0/bin" "/home/juergen/.cabal/bin" "/usr/local/sbin" "/usr/...
@AlanMunn or for the benefit of @egreg: Infatti , come Robert Mercer ha detto una volta " Con amici come statistiche , che ha bisogno di linguistica " .
@egreg It's interesting how you rephrased that using the singular 'um amico'. The English original is in fact marginally grammatical, (although it sounds fine) because statistics in this meaning isn't a plural in English either. But this was a title of a talk (which Mercer gave in 1992) and evokes the well known expression in English With friends like that, who needs enemies.
@yo' He's found essentially the same with ShareLaTeX but hasn't actually picked up on what I said
@yo' I'm also not sure if he's understood the difference between the font in the editor and the output (the ShareLaTeX comment could be read either way)
@JosephWright Well you can say something like "The statistics in this paper are terrible" which refers to instances of particular analyses, and therefore countable and plural. But you can also say "Statistics is difficult for many people", which is the abstract object and singular. In this usage, it cannot have a definite article in English (unlike Italian, which must use the definite article for this meaning.)
@JosephWright Also, there's another everyday use of the word that usually means just descriptive statistics, as in "The statistics on crime in this region are terrifying."
the code I am workin on this thsi
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{multirow}
\newcommand{\head}[1]{\textnormal{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\normal}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{l}{#1}}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{}...
Nice show off of bad Italian; the user writes in Italian (or maintains to) and doesn't use babel; so he changes the word “Contents” into “Contenuti”. :(
Hi i am making my thesis on latex and i have write some code examples using the lstlisting package.
Then i have used the command \lstlistoflistings to add all the example at the beginning of my thesis but on the toc i have another entry with the name contents.
In the main.tex of my thesis i hav...
@pleasestopstalking There's nobody living in New York. Indeed, if you remove a newyorker, there are still plenty of them. So by induction you could remove infinitely many newyorkers. Therefore there's no newyorker.
Two mini questions. The same way \mathcode gives you the opportunity to set math active characters, is there a way of “generalizing” that? I mean, create a new mode, where you can set “that mode” active. Like if \mathcode was a particular one of a more general \specialcode{math}. Would that be too difficult to implement? May be in LuaTeX is easier...
And secon one: is there an acceptable easy way of implementing “defaults” in an argument or a key=value? E.g., \vspace{2cm} or \vspace{2pt} create a default like mymediumspace so when you use \vspace{mymediumspace} it doesn't complain but uses that default.
In the same way, add defaults to a key \foo[width=1cm]{..} then create a default middlewidth for taht key, so that that lets you use \foo[width=middlewidth]{..}.
@JosephWright I don't have your experience :) But in any case, wouldn't it be possible to create those “preset values”? At this moment the most doable is create a new meta key middlewidth that equals to width=2.44cm for instance, and then use \foo[middlewidth]{..}, but that's less readable in my opinion.
(My two examples are with dimensions, but that's no necessarily the case.)
@JosephWright But that's a bit weird, isn't it? I mean, in its origin, may be Knuth wanted only a system to typeset primarily math. But, I don't know, wouldn't it be cool a generalization of that? Like, hey, I don't have only “everywhere” and “mathmode”, I do want to have three more “modes”.
@JosephWright I know, it was just if there were already something like that, Or may be a one line solution, to include that preprocessor to all keys (or only to those which have “presets” defined).
@JosephWright Okey. Last one, if you were to do so, e.g., for \vspace what expl3 command would you use? \str_case:nnF {#1}{{middle}{\originalvspace{1cm}}{big}{\originalvspace{2cm}}}{\originalvspace{#1}}?
@JosephWright A (may be) better example with TikZ, imagine you set a style for a node (which presets dimension, color, and shape of the node) called foo so you could call \node[foo]. But then, imagine you only want the color of that setting so, it would be fine to be able to use \node[color=foo] (mmm, wrong example, because then it's easy to set a color called foo, I hope you get where I'm getting), or may be be able to use \node[size=foo] or \node[shape=foo].
(in the hypothetical case that size or shape keys existed.
BTW, what did you mean with “I'm guessing the 'internals' need to be namespaced out of the global space” (just curiosity, I don't know what you are talking about).
@Manuel @DavidCarlisle Used \middlewidth as a document-level name for the default. That's fine if there is only one possible \middlewidth, but if you want one just for your package, or just for one environment of one package, you need a logner name or more likely something like \my@env@middlewidth
@JosephWright And if you remove the first \ you have my question, where you can set \vspace{middlewidth} and in case it's a preset, use it, and you can also use \vspace{3cm} with no problems.
@Manuel obviously you could do this but why remove the \ with it it's trivially easy, without it you have to do some fragile test to distinguish a symbolic name from an explicit length
@PauloCereda You wait until all her friends start sending her spreadsheets with vba macros and she can't run them....
LaTeX is more or less built to typeset books, particularly (but not exclusively) scientific literature. It is less obvious that LaTeX is also extremely good at producing
Songbooks
Play scripts
Chess diagrams
Linguistic literature and IPA
Bibles
Dictionaries
Presentations
Can people mention ot...
I'm trying to understand the basics of lua programming within LaTeX.
I have this simple function in a file called luatest.lua:
function fact (n)
if n == 0 then
return 1
else
return n * fact(n-1)
end
end
Then I have an usual .tex file:
\documentclass{article}
\directlua{dofile(...
I am looking for a LaTex editor that can manage Hebrew and RTL, and that is supported on OSX,
I came across many but did not find that works.
Thanks
I noticed something strange when calling C-h v (describe-variable) on exec-path today:
exec-path is a variable defined in `C source code'.
Its value is
("/usr/bin" ...)
Original value was
("/home/juergen/.opam/4.02.0/bin" "/home/juergen/.cabal/bin" "/usr/local/sbin" "/usr/...
Hi i am making my thesis on latex and i have write some code examples using the lstlisting package.
Then i have used the command \lstlistoflistings to add all the example at the beginning of my thesis but on the toc i have another entry with the name contents.
In the main.tex of my thesis i hav...
