10:24 AM
6
$$\int_0^\infty\left(\dfrac{\pi}{1 + \pi^2x^2}- \dfrac{1}{1+x^2}\right)\ln x dx$$ Attempt: $x \to \dfrac{1}{x}$ gives: $\displaystyle\int_\infty^0 \left(\dfrac{\pi}{\pi^2+x^2}- \dfrac{1}{1+x^2}\right)\ln x ~dx$ So its basically reduced to evaluating: $I (k)= \displaystyle\int_\infty^0...
This is the third time this month: chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/3740/2018/7/16 and chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/3740/2018/7/7
11:19 AM
I was thinking to ask a question on main like what does "tongue" mean in "Arnold tongues - mathworld.wolfram.com/ArnoldTongue.html", then what tag is suitable as many would argue that I have not tried anything on the question?
12:10 PM
@BAYMAX I would go with terminology. And since both MathWorld and Wikipedia classify it in some chaos-related categories, maybe chaos-theory?
2 hours later…
2:20 PM
2. If you told the user not to use the tag, and they continue, flag for mod and we'll tell them once more or escalate. (It is not clear to me if you told them directly.)
3. If one users recreates the tag and you did not directly tell them to stop. Either tell them directly via a comment, or ask us to do so via a flag.
1 hour later…
3:48 PM
1. Yes, one of my questions was whether or not we should discuss this issue on meta once again. So I take it that this is not needed.
I have removed the tag from the two questions that had the tag: math.stackexchange.com/posts/2857571/revisions and math.stackexchange.com/posts/2856986/revisions
Abcd: There were some discussions on meta whether or not a tag for hints would be useful and the consensus seems to be that we do not need such tag: Suggestion for “Hint-Only” Tag and Just a hint please. So I think such tag should not be created. See also today's discussion about this tag with one of the moderators. — Martin Sleziak 49 secs ago
4:51 PM
@MartinSleziak Oh Okay, I wouldn't use that tag again. Actually, I hadn't read your edit summaries before. That's why I was uninformed. Sorry. — Abcd 31 mins ago
@Abcd If you wish we can both remove our comments there. (They were posted mainly to let you know about the issue. And they are unrelated to the question.)
1 hour later…
6:31 PM
0
In Judea Pearl's The Book of Why we find the following causal diagram: where $U_1$ and $U_2$ are unobserved variables. The diagram is accompanied by a comment that ensures that neither the back door criterion nor the front door criterion are sufficient to figure out the causal effect $P(Y | d...
A causal model is an abstract model that describes the causal mechanisms of a system. The model must express more than correlation because correlation does not imply causation. Sewall Wright's path analysis is the theoretical ancestor of causal modeling and causal graphs.Judea Pearl defines a causal model as an ordered triple
⟨
U
,
V
,
E
⟩
{\displaystyle \langle U,V,E\rangle }
, where U is a set of exogenous variables whose values are determined by factors outside the model; V is a set of endogenous variables...
> A causal diagram is a graphical tool that enables the visualisation of causal relationships between variables in a causal model. A typical causal diagram will comprise a set of variables (or nodes) defined as being within the scope of the model being represented.
> Any variable in the diagram should be connected by an arrow to another variable with which it has a causal influence - the arrowhead delineates the direction of this causal relationship, e.g., an arrow connecting variables A and B with the arrowhead at B indicates a relationship whereby (all other factors being equal) a qualitative or quantitative change in A may cause change in B.
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