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00:31
Does anyone know how to parametrize "the cigar"?
The cigar, also known as Witten’s black hole, is a rotationally symmetric solution of the Ricci flow equation for the (non-compact) Euclidean plane
00:50
@jiaxinzerg I added a comment. One of your statements there is just plain wrong.
01:10
sup yall
Hi, shmo
same, same
the world is still going through a pandemic
there's a megalomaniac on the other side of the world trying to spark a world war
the usual
@Koro is it a parabola? also, what is 80m? the length of the curve?
joe: to put it mildly, the picture is not to scale. think about how far down the line has to dip.
oh nvm looks like everybody is asking the same questions up there
you see stuff like that on the internet billed as interview questions for the prestige employer of the day (used to be google, maybe now it's somewhere else). i would walk out of the room, close the zoom, whatever, if someone popped one of those questions on me.
and i say this as someone who was asked to evaluate a limit once during a job interview as an attorney.
01:21
hah. I got asked to estimate the number of TVs in the world once
I’m terrible at stuff like that.
yeah I mean it's a really stupid question really
Estimate the number of hairs on your head. Can I just be bald?
there's no right answer, and the goal is to see how you probe the problem
at this point, everyone's been trained to answer this question "correctly", and it's really.. a stupid question
Estimation skills are important.
01:24
yeah..
i did one of those in an interview once and got it . i was asked to talk through my process and the interviewer was disappointed that my estimation process drew mainly on stuff i saw in my own life and not something 'smarter.'
I haven’t been trained.
i quit that job search shortly after.
what he has on there can be a section of a sinusoidal wave, or the shape of a wire hanging from two posts, which is famously non-parabolic
and then what is 80m?
i think in the universe of the problem, it's an arc length.
01:25
right
which is not much of one. it has to drop 40 vertical units and go back up 40 vertical units. so there's no space between the two poles holding it up.
of a parabola? in which case isn't it just a plug and chug?
it's highly dependent on the numbers in the diagram. it's a stunt.
One of my very smart students interviewed for a summer internship on Wall Street. The only question he bungled was: You bicycle 5 miles, stopping for a coffee, whatever, in NYC in precisely an hour. Was there a 30-minute interval in which you covered precisely half the distance?
yeah les I failed that question in a similar fashion
01:27
the internship on wall street is summer camp for the well connected and the rest of the folks get brain teasers.
i went to law school with a ton of folks who had worked on wall street. i don't think they could estimate the number of wheels on a tricycle.
He got an offer, as I recall.
doing what?
Consulting of some sort.
I do not remember.
betting on stonks.
also I don't understand the question Ted. you bike 5 miles, and stop for a coffee in the span of one hour? rephrase
01:29
it's totally gonna go up today. or maybe down.
hehe
You cover 5 miles in an hour, stops included.
arbitrary number of stops?
Yes.
Including stoplights.
oh well that changes everything
what's your speed limit?
01:32
Go away.
I claim I could ride 1,000 mph
in which case the answer is a resounding no
Why is that?
suppose I finish in a second
good thing copper isn't here.
then there's no 30 min interval in which I drove precisely 2.5 miles
01:34
Then the interval starts halfway through your second .
oh I see what you're saying
more like intermediate VALUELESS theorem.
Still a valued theorem.
what about the disintermediated value theorem. it exists on the blockchain. everyone is going to get rich with it. if they own lesliecoin.
01:36
Lesliecoin is only a singular measure?
you actually had a good question in your book I remember
with the tank, and the strip having to last twice as long
something about two radio hosts?
the answer is a mobius strip
Click n Clack the car guys (one now deceased).
Point of information: Many fan belts are in fact one-sided.
whereas the belt in the question is two sided?
Huh? Not according to your answer.
nvm I understand what you were saying
If, for example, the belt looked like this: google.com/…, giving it a half twist wouldn't help
a "one-sided" belt ^
01:53
i saw the car guys once in a cafe. recognized them instantly by their voices.
I went to my 25th reunion at MIT precisely to hear them speak as the graduation speakers!
i liked them. they represented a side of cambridge that doesn't exist anymore.
Click & Clack were delightful.
More like Somerville.
whitey bulger represented a side of somerville that doesn't exist anymore.
02:04
@JoeShmo 80 m is the length of that hanging wire.
i was supposed to go to the whitey bulger trial one day because a friend of mine worked in the courthouse somewhere and could get me a seat, but i didn't go because i was tired. i should have gone, he flipped out in the courtroom and there was high drama that day. woops.
If $f:(X,A)\rightarrow (Y,B)$ is a continuous map such that $f_{*}:H_n(X,A)\righarrow H_n(Y,B)$ is an isomorphism
is it easy to see that $f^{*}:H^n(Y,B;G)\rightarrow H^n(X,A;G)$ is also an isomorphism?
Universal coefficient theorem.
What about from first principles
?
First principles? Ha. I do not even believe it has to be true unless you know it for all $n$.
02:17
Yes, I meant for all $n$
Still I’m slightly dubious because of torsion issues. But I’m too rusty and there’s no such thing as first principles.
Working over a field, yes to first principles, perhaps.
The only way I see to approach it is by the following argument: $f_{}:H_n(X,A)\rightarrow H_n(Y,B)$ is an isomorphism for each $n$ then $f_{}$ is a chain equivalence. Hence $f^{*}$ is a cochain equivalence hence an isomorphism on cohomology groups
There are examples where you get iso cohomology groups but ring structures different. Not sure how you get around that.
Paging @Balarka.
The result: A chain map on free abelian groups induces isomorphism on all homology groups implies it is a chain equivalence... how does one show that?
I dunno.
I haven’t thought about these things in 45 years.
02:35
Hello kiddos
helo adultos
Hows life treating ya?
my mommy and daddy are treating me good cuz i am a good kiddo
how is life treating you???
Do you guys have any idea how to prove $a_t\le\frac1{t+1}$ for positive sequence $(a_t)_t$ where $a_{t+1}=a_t(1-a_t)$?
@anak, ok I don't wanna have this conversation anymore.
02:52
Hmmmm that's an interesting one. Saying that the logistic map for r=1 is always bounded by 1/(t+1)....
If I recall correctly it's not hard to get $a_n \leq \frac{a_0}{1 + ta_0}$.
Just try induction.
@anak: I tried using induction, but failed. What is your idea?
03:26
Unless you have a lower bound as well, I don’t see this working.
It works, I think/.
Where did you get in the induction, @Hans
Base case was easy, right?
say a surface $S$ admits a singular curve $\gamma$. Then can you put a metric on $S$ that degenerates along $\gamma$?
@anak: Well, $a_{t-1}\le \frac1t$, maybe I need to show $a_{t-1}\ge \frac1{t+1}$. I do not know how to proceed.
@Hans What do you want to show with your induction?
maybe degenerates is the wrong word
03:34
@anak: Assuming $a_{t-1}\le \frac1t$, is it true $a_{t-1}\ge \frac1{t+1}$? I do not know how to show that. Nor do I have any idea currently of other approaches.
@Hans you want to show $a_t \leq \frac{1}{1+t}$, not $a_{t-1}$
@anak: I just shifted $t \rightarrow t-1$. It does not matter.
@anak: I try to avoid using $t+2$.
Oh I misread your second ineqality
I mean $\gamma$ are singular points of the metric
But you assume $a_{t-1} \leq 1/t$ and then want to use this to show that $a_{t} \leq \frac{1}{1+t}$, right, @Hans
03:40
@anak: Of course. The question is how.
@Hans well start with $a_t$. You want to appeal to an inequality with $a_{t-1}$, so how do you introduce that?
@anak: Never mind... This is so embarrassingly simple...
Heh.
No worries!
Happens to the best of us.
Hi all. I'm doing my online homework and I'm really bamboozled by the answer. Even though $P_y=Q_x$, the homework system is telling me the field $F$ is not conservative. Is there an error in the system?
Here's a screenshot:
I actually don’t see it. 🤷‍♂️
03:49
The screenshot?
Is the curl $0$ everywhere, or missing points, @rb3652?
@TedShifrin We haven't learned about curl yet, but I'm simply testing if the force field F is conservative by checking if the mixed partials are equal $P_y=Q_x$
No, my comment was to others.
That does not guarantee conservative. Check details!
Ohhhhhh
You're right! Absolutely!
The domain is all real numbers except the origin.
Making it not a simple, closed region, and hence the test for conservative field cannot be trusted.
Fooled yet again.
This is totally predictable!
03:52
Thanks @TedShifrin
Sure
Integrate around a circle to be sure.
yup, doing it right now
Got $2\pi$
OK, that's all. Thanks for the help and see you around.
You too.
04:11
Maybe you are missing that it is a positive sequence, Ted?
the smallest subfield of R that contains 1/2 is Q.
I've been awfully quiet over here
04:27
Q is a prime field for characteristic 0 field
@love_sodam how?
$\sqrt 2.\frac 1{\sqrt 2}=1\in Q$ but neither $\sqrt 2$ nor $\frac 1{\sqrt 2}$ is in Q.
For char 0 field, I'm taking R.
or may be you are using some concept that I don't yet know.
koro: the "prime subfield" of a field is just the smallest subfield containing 1.
it looks like Z_p for some prime p in the case of finite fields, that may be where the terminology came from.
oh. I thought it would be like prime ideal.
it wouldn't do to have only one meaning of the word 'prime,' would it?
let's come up with some others...
@Koro Just prove that every $n$, $1/m$ is in there.
Prime-ordial ooze.
04:36
i used to live a few blocks from a restaurant that was basically a window next to the sidewalk. it was called PRIME. they did not offer math based discounts.
Follows from the universal property of localization and any nontrivial field homomorphism is an injection.
just to add to my last comment: prime ideal definition as I know it is: a proper ideal I of ring R such that if for any a,b in R, ab is in I then either a or b is in I.
They offered sidewalk prime rib?
no! that was the weirdest thing about the place.
it had a nice atmosphere. they had four or five tables in what resembled a driveway. we'd take visitors there if only to see the look on their faces when we showed up.
i miss living in a truly urban area. no good restaurants within walking distance now.
What city?
04:40
we live in long beach but we're kind of an island in suburbia now. we'd have to cross highways on foot and walk a mile to get to decent places.
we used to live about two miles away - across a highway and one mile closer to everything, it made all the difference.
if not for PCH we would still have the same cross street that we had at our old place. we picked up and moved two miles down one road.
05:05
I have a question about the research process in mathematics
@leslie I know where you are now. I was asking about the city past.
Is it okay to spend 10-15 years total on a research question? Is that too long? Say 10 years is learning the material to be able to do the actual research and then 5 is reading, writing and then publishing a paper
ted: oakland and cambridge. even in iowa city, for a time, i lived right next to a good restaurant.
Unless you’re publishing plenty of other research during those years.
05:08
no it's too long?
I wasn’t sure where prime was, leslie.
oh, prime was in long beach, when we lived closer to a business area.
Ohhh …
 
2 hours later…
06:57
i guess prime is a factor in choosing location?
haha
07:18
Hi @Koro! I could not let that one pass :-)
consider $\Bbb R^3$ and it's image under a coordinate change - is it possible for a surface $S$ to be a minimal surface of both $\Bbb R^3$ and it's image?
@copper.hat :)
07:40
My last 12 questions don't have answers
 
2 hours later…
09:19
@rb3652 Note that $F\cdot\mathrm{d}r=\mathrm{d}t$, so the integral over the circle is $2\pi$.
10:19
Just found out that there is an academic manga: The Manga Guide to Linear Algebra
Anyone?
10:47
I had a question but now I don't
Shat should I do when a mother and a kid sleep on the sit I booked?
I want to study math on train T_T
11:03
@soupless I also posted its link here few weeks (days?) ago.
@WilliamJohn Try requesting to switch your seat with someone on upper birth.
soupless: I have however not yet read that manga guide.
Wait, really? Sorry, didn't know
@Koro You mean older age?
It turned out that those series of books are quite well-written books.
There's also "The Manga Guide to Calculus", "The Manga Guide to Relativity"
Although it somehow disappointed me that I should read it left to right
11:39
@WilliamJohn no. I meant upper berth. I made a typo earlier.
12:31
@soupless I watched papa's video where he showed the book.
13:16
If I have the function $f(z) = \frac{1+z}{z}$, I want to use the argument principle to find $\frac{1}{2\pi} \Delta \textrm{arg}f(z)$, to do so I need to find the number of poles and the number of zeros.
With the path $\gamma = \{z : |z| = 1/2\}$
How many poles are inside it?
nvm
 
3 hours later…
16:05
Hello, I have a question in topology, I have this definition that says the following: If B is a basis for a topology on X, the topology T generated by B is described as follows: U \in T is said to be open if for all x \in U, there exists B* \in B s. t. x \in B* and B \subseteq U.

I took an example: Let X = {a, b, c} and let B be the basis which is: B = { {a}, {b}, {c}}. Now, I just applied the definition to get a topology T, so I got T = { {a}, {b}, {c}} but T is not a topology here since neither X nor phi are subsets of T. Do I have something wrong
By the way the definition came from James Munkers, Topology A First Course
why is {a,b} not in your T?
(also your last B should be B* instead)
16:44
@AlessandroCodenotti because B is a basis for a topology on X, the topology T generated by B is described as follows: U \in T is said to be open (i.e. to be an element of T) if \all x \in U, there exists B* \in B s. t. x \in B* and B* \in U. So I applied this definition to get a topology and I got T = { {a}, {b}, {c}} only and not included {a,b}
there are a few things going on here. a basis for a topology need not itself be a topology. that's one thing.
another is, you can consider the topology generated by any family of sets. if you have some topology on your space already, then you might or might not get that topology from some family of sets. you might get a different one.
if you consider a set X, and consider the set S of all one-element subsets of X, then the topology generated by S turns out to be the discrete topology. i.e. the set of all subsets of X.
so for example if R is the real numbers with the usual topology, S = {{x}: x in R} is a family of subsets of R that generates the discrete topology on R. S happens to be basis for the discrete topology. S is not a basis for the usual topology on R (e.g. because its members are not open in the usual topology of R).
whether a given collection of subsets is or is not a basis can depend on what topology you are considering.
17:28
@user777 You didn’t apply it correctly. Is a union of basis elements in the topology?
looking for hard analysis exercises from past quals anywhere. any tips?
hard analysis as in hard exercises in real analysis. not harmonic analysis
@JoeShmo Universities will often post past exams. For example, past exams from my own phd institution can be found at mathdept.ucr.edu/sites/g/files/rcwecm1516/files/2019-11/… .
I have past exams from nyu
theyre good
looking for other exams that you might have liked
the link you gave me is too easy. its also for undergrads?
@JoeShmo Did you read past the first page? My recollection is that, starting three or four years ago, they started including an "undergraduate" section on the exams.
oh, sorry. didn't see it was multiple pages
17:38
@JoeShmo it is 111 pages, and goes back to the 1980s.
thanks
@JoeShmo if you google something like "past grad school qualifying exams analysis" you will get a lot of results
I know, but I'm looking for recs
something people liked specifically
Just do every problem in Folland.
That's basically the most popular qualifying material for analysis these days.
i don't know of a good source. quals were oral exams at my grad school, so poorly documented. and varied widely depending on the person/committee.
xander's list looks pretty good. it also resembles problems from folland. :D
17:51
I think in general past grad school quals are a good source if the exercises in undergrad books or the exams for undergrad courses are too easy for you. I've personally only studied the algebra ones, though
@leslietownes how much do you love/hate Folland?
Assuming you aren't Folland himself.
I guess he's a little old.
i like folland. anyway, it's better than a lot of other books that people were using for 'that kind' of analysis class.
i'm not super crazy about it, but it's fine. when the USPS lost it, i shed a brief tear. i didn't shed a tear for royden.
The tradeoff is cryptic books by impatient experts vs. readable books by those without the expert perspective.
I am joking, mostly.
I actually somewhat agree, @copper.hat
A lot of books (e.g. Rudin) get passed off as masterpieces, but then are pedagogical disasters.
But then more pedagogically oriented books lack e.g. insightful exercises, praise from other experts, etc.
18:07
@anak Yes, do that. Every problem in Folland.
As much as I dislike that book, there are some good exercises.
There are also some good exercises in Royden and Fitzpatrick.
@XanderHenderson what do you dislike about Folland, out of curiosity. Not that I particularly like it.
@anak It is maybe not that I dislike it as I don't think that it is a very good book to teach / learn out of. It is an encyclopedia, which seems more interested in providing the most terse, elegant proof of every statement, and provides very little by way of intuition or explanation.
It is a good reference if you already know the topic, but is not great if you are learning it.
Quite agreeable.
And it frustrates me that there are named theorems in that text which he never names.
For me, the 'big picture' is what I find missing usually.
18:14
Like, if I recall correctly, Theorem 5.8.
lol you remember the theorem number?
@anak Yes. And that annoys me.
If I recall correctly, Theorem 5.8 in Folland is the Riesz Representation Theorem for Hilbert spaces. I shouldn't need to remember that stupid number.
Now... to go find Folland and see if I am right...
5.8 is BCT in some sideways pdf copy I found off Google
Might be un-named in a previous ed?
now my neck hurts
Baire Category Theorem
18:17
Oh, no. That is Th 5.9 in my copy.
i always treat bears with respect
And 5.8 is, in fact, what I thought it was.
5.7 in this edition is a bunch of applications of Hahn-Banach.
@anak That is how 5.8 is phrased in my edition, but it is really, secretly, a theorem about the correspondence between a space and its dual, and establishes nice embeddings. The argument is completed in Theorem 5.25.
Having opened up the book again, my real objection to Theorem 5.8 is that only the last statement in the laundry list of statements is terribly interesting---the other statements are really just lemmata that Folland uses to prove the important one.
It is 5.25 which should be named.
Is it the orthogonal decomposition of a Hilbert space? Or are my numbers off even more in the later chapter?
18:33
@anak No, it is the Riesz Representation Theorem: if $f \in \mathcal{H}^*$, there is a unique $y\in\mathcal{H}$ such that $f(x) = \langle x,y\rangle$ for all $x \in \mathcal{X}$.
a reflex answer
Oh, I vaguely actually remember that not being named.
18:34
Stupid Gerry. X(
they should sell rights to theorem names for money, the oracle representation theorem
(Me and Folland... we onna first name basis, now.)
@copper.hat Isn't that why we have L'Hospital's rule?
taco bell presents the riesz-markov theorem
2
Also the not-Burnside's lemma.
@XanderHenderson that really is the limit
18:36
@copper.hat Ouch.
hah, twice last year i combined taco bell branding with theorem names in this chat. i only have one joke.
Never sry enuf!
now if victoria's secret got involved...
combinatorial stuff would have to drop red & black things
@copper.hat Oh, baby! Show me your orthonormal seuqence!
18:39
a delicate nested lattice
Ultrafilters.
suddenly, his convergence became quadratic
ok, i should do some real work and keep my family in bread.
Tit's alternative was cancelled when Victoria Secret decided its venture in the theorem market :(((
smooth manifolds
need to be careful of push forwards
M17
M17
18:54
Does Riemann's hypothesis help in knowing the distribution of prime numbers, or is it to improve prediction of where numbers are located or something else?
There are many hypotheses about prime numbers. Why does the Riemann hypothesis have so much momentum compared to other hypotheses?
i don't know what other hypotheses you have in mind, or what you mean by 'momentum', but RH and its generalizations have a lot of consequences. there are lots of things in number theory that people would learn more about if they knew more about RH.
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