@LeakyNun Let me write down a very precise story for the separability stuff without the scheme-theoretic stuff anyway. Suppose $F$ is a field of characteristic $p$ such that $\alpha \in F \setminus F^p$. Then $x^p - \alpha$ is irreducible in $F[x]$ because in the algebraic closure of $F$, $x^p - \alpha = (x - \alpha^{1/p})^p$, so by unique factorization in $\overline{F}[x]$, any factor must be of the form $(x - \alpha^{1/p})^n$ where $n < p$ but this cannot be in $F[x]$ because $\alpha^{n/p} \notin F$ since if not, we take $m$ such that $mn \equiv 1 \pmod{p}$, and take the $m$-th power to o…