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00:52
@StanShunpike It certainly doesn't. I'm guessing you're looking at one of the explicit definitions in terms of skew-symmetrizing tensor products. Different books are at odds about this. My definition has no denominator. I want the volume of the unit cube to be $1$, not $1/k!$. In the case of two vectors, I take $v\wedge w = v\otimes w - w\otimes v$, no factor of $1/2$.
Hey Ted!
And Rithaniel!
01:08
hi Demonark
You've morphed into a tortoise?
01:23
This has been my profile picture for some time now
Turtle sloth
Or maybe a tortoise sloth
I googled "Turtle sloth" and this came up, can't distinguish them visually so I guess I'm trusting Google
01:39
Hey @Karl!
Sup @Daminark
 
4 hours later…
05:40
Hi
 
2 hours later…
07:33
Morning all
07:43
Morning
How's it going? @Alessandro
07:57
Quite well thanks
What about you?
alle
@AlessandroCodenotti
is $\phi(x)=\frac{3}{2}x$ going to be a homomorphism from $Z$ to $Q$ that is not an inclusion mapping
?
08:04
@Alessandro I'm alright, just at work reading Weibel
lol
and chewing on Rennie for heartburn
ouch
@AlessandroCodenotti , can you give me an exercise?
@ÍgjøgnumMeg Weibel?
@SubhasisBiswas In which subject?
either linear transformations (regarding rank-nullity) or group theory
Here's a tricky one. Suppose that $H$ and $G$ are two groups such that $H$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $G$ and $G$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $H$. Must $H$ and $G$ be isomorphic?
@Alessandro homological algebra
08:13
(In other words does the category of groups have the Schröder–Bernstein property?)
@ÍgjøgnumMeg Ah I see, not really my cup of tea
I'm reading the Homotopy Type Theory book at the moment
@Alessandro I think it's necessary for anything I want to do
nice :)
@ÍgjøgnumMeg Well it's used a lot
@AlessandroCodenotti wow
(I've seen very little homological algebra, the bare minimum needed to set up the $\mathrm{Tor}$ and $\mathrm{Ext}$ functors)
08:15
Tor and Ext measure the exactness of hom and tensor right?
The other way around
Ext measures exactness of hom and Tor of tensor?
errr
other way around
hahaha
The way I remember it is that Tor is related to torsion and tensoring with $\Bbb Q$ kills it
orly
group homology can be defined in terms of tor
nice
Uh I have no idea about group (co)homology
08:22
me neither
lol
Mathei is the right person to ask
08:51
the way I remember it is tor -> [t]ens[or]
09:05
Hi all
0
Q: Diophantine $\frac{a^2 + b^2}{ab + 1} = \frac{c^2}{d^2} $

mickConsider the Diophantine equation with $a,b,c,d > 0$ : $$\frac{a^2 + b^2}{ab + 1} = \frac{c^2}{d^2} $$ For the case $d=1$ , this is a Classic ; we know that Diophantine $\frac{a^2 + b^2}{ab + 1} = K $ implies $K$ is a square. This is the standard example of the so-called vièta jumping. Altho...

@Leaky tf man
what
my brain made those associations
can't help
hahaha fair
Ho[ex]m[t]
09:51
@ÍgjøgnumMeg whats hoexmt
10:07
was just a joke lol
0
Q: $\frac{f_3(a,b)}{g_3(a,b)} $ always a cube?

mickLet $a,b,c,n$ be positive integers and let $f_n(a,b),g_n(a,b) $ be integer polynomials with variables $a,b$. Now consider the diophantine equation : $$ \frac{ f_n(a,b)}{g_n(a,b)} = c^n $$ We know that if and only if $g_2(a,b)$ divides $f_2(a,b)$ $$ \frac{ f_2(a,b)}{g_2(a,b)} = c^2 $$ Is al...

@ÍgjøgnumMeg any questions about group cohomology?
@Mathein no not really, I'm just looking into homological algebra atm aiming towards group cohomology for number theory
:)
yeah group cohomology is really useful for NT
class field theory can be done entirely through group cohomology right?
10:11
right
that's how we did it in our courses
Sounds like fun
it was a bit technical at times, but yes, it was quite fun
the "coefficients" part of cohomology modules are representations right?
yeah basically. Representations are $k[G]$-modules, for group cohomology you're looking at $\Bbb Z[G]$-modules
but representations do play a role. If $M$ is a $\Bbb Z[G]$-module, then $M/pM$ is a $\Bbb F_p[G]$-module, i.e. a representation
Nice :)
well I better get a handle on it between now and october
10:19
@MatheinBoulomenos I'm proving 01I1 in Lean now
it's more tedious than it looks
well, it does look tedious
but I'm also learning in the process
@MatheinBoulomenos e.g. I learnt that for any locally ringed space you can define $D(f)$
10:38
1 month of rainfall is due to fall in 6 hours today
in Plymouth
lol
@Mathein Komische Frage: mit welcher Bank hast du ein Konto?
hahaha
11:22
is $\lfloor \zeta(-n) \rfloor$ only prime for $n=23$ ?
0
Q: $\frac{f_3(a,b)}{g_3(a,b)} $ always a cube?

mickLet $a,b,c,n$ be positive integers and let $f_n(a,b),g_n(a,b) $ be integer polynomials with variables $a,b$. Now consider the diophantine equation : $$ \frac{ f_n(a,b)}{g_n(a,b)} = c^n $$ We know that if and only if $g_2(a,b)$ divides $f_2(a,b)$ $$ \frac{ f_2(a,b)}{g_2(a,b)} = c^2 $$ Is al...

11:53
Hello.
Could anybody explain to me, how to get 5.5, 5.6 from 5.4 in this page farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/336L/Fluidhtml/node68.html ??
is that $ds=\partial(-y,x)$ in vector form
12:33
0
Q: Is $\lfloor \zeta(-n) \rfloor$ only prime for $n=23$?

MathphileI searched for primes of the form of $\lfloor \zeta(-n) \rfloor$, where $n \in \Bbb{N}$, for a range of $n \le 10^4$ on PARI/GP and found $\lfloor \zeta(-n) \rfloor$ is only prime for $n=23$. My PARI code: for(n=1, 10^4, if(ispseudoprime(floor(-bernfrac(2*n)/(2*n)))==1, print([2*n-1, floor(-be...

13:12
@AkivaWeinberger I will just mention that the image in the post with the above comment has been restored: Can knot diagrams be monotonically simplified using under moves? mathoverflow.net/posts/186178/revisions
I commented here rather than on MO - since I did not want to leave many redundant comments there.
13:44
Ah cool, thanks @MartinSleziak
14:05
@AlessandroCodenotti
The result doesn't hold, right?
been thinking about it for quite a while
Do you have a counterexample?
@AlessandroCodenotti I have an idea for a counterexample...which I need a little help with
$Z \times Z \times Z ...$ and $Z \times Z \times Z ... Z_2$
Well, the thanks for recovering the dead image goes mainly to Glorfindel who created the script/bot for such purposes.
14:07
infinite product .
my main idea is to take two groups, such that they are generated (if that is the terminology) by infinite number of elements, yet they differ slightly
I need some help regarding this. or at least some indication whether or not I am heading in the right direction.
@SubhasisBiswas this is close to a working example, however now subgroup of the first is isomorphic to the second
@AlessandroCodenotti right direction?
how do I do the other direction?
a little hint
$f: Z \times Z \times Z... \to Z \times ... Z_2$ with $f(a_1,a_2,...)=(a_1,a_2,...,\overline{0})$
Sure, the problem you have now is that there is no injection in the other direction
14:19
@AlessandroCodenotti okay, I have to remove this obstacle
so, what if I adjoin more parts...
like
Because there are no elements of order $2$ in $Z\times Z\times\cdots$ so you don't know where to send $(0,0,0,\ldots,\overline{1})$
$Z \times ... Z_2 \times Z \times....$
That's not going to help, you have an element of order $2$ on one side and no element of order $2$ in the other
@AlessandroCodenotti yes
@AlessandroCodenotti okay. I will think some more
will let you know
Hint: let $G=Z\times Z\times Z\times\cdots$. You want to add to $G$ an element of order $2$ to make an injection $G\times Z_2\to G$ possible. Of course the easiest way is to look at $G\times Z_2$, but that would not be a counterexample anymore. Next up is $G\times Z_4$, now you have an injection $G\times Z_2\to G\times Z_4$, but the backward direction is problematic
So to make the backward direction possible you could look at $G\times Z_4\times Z_2$ and $G\times Z_4$, now the direction $G\times Z_4\to G\times Z_4\times Z_2$ works and the other one is problematic...
14:32
Oh, that leads to a different solution than the one I was thinking of
@AkivaWeinberger DC, I don't want to spoil it here
yeah, don't do it
Solving linear diophataine equations is common in linear programming problems when one only want integer solutions:
user131753
Which problem are you people talking about @AlessandroCodenotti?
If $G$ and $H$ are two groups such that $G$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $H$ and $H$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $G$, must $H$ and $G$ be isomorphic?
14:44
Could anyone please explain what is the definition of the following expression; $\lim_{|z| \to \infty}f(z)$ ? . As I recall we haven't defined it strictly on my complex analysis class, yet the intuition behind it is pretty clear.
> When someone has come to you for your expertise and your expertise has failed, what do you have left? You have only your character to fall back upon–and sometimes it’s only your pride that comes through.
- Atul Gawande, Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance
Actually , the intuition is not clear for me at all. I seriously don't understand anything about that limit.
Informally: if, for any complex number $z$ far away from the origin, $f(z)$ is near the same number $L$, then the limit is $L$
As an example, take $f(z)=1/z$
user131753
@Elsa Think of for the time $f$ to be a real valued function of a real variable. How would you define formally (i.e., using $\varepsilon-\delta$) $$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty} f(x)=L$$ (assuming of course the limit exists)?
If $z=-1000$, or $z=1000i$, or $z=1000$, we still have $f(z)\approx0$
so $\lim_{|z|\to\infty}f(z)=0$
On the other hand, take $f(z)=e^z$
If $z=-1000$, $~f(z)\approx0$. If $z=1000$, $~f(z)\approx+\infty$.
If $z=2000\pi i$, $~f(z)=1$. If $z=2001\pi i$, $~f(z)=-1$.
So, $\lim_{|z|\to\infty}e^z$ does not exist.
14:53
@user170039 I know the definition for the real valued functions. So you're saying it's analogous ?
Aha
user131753
@Elsa Yep. Just write it down and I will show the analogy.
$(Z \times Z \times Z...) \times (... \times Z_{16} \times Z_8 \times Z_4 \times Z_2) $ and $(Z \times Z \times ...) \times (...\times Z_{16} \times Z_8 \times Z_4)$ @AlessandroCodenotti
Lemme try
14:55
@SubhasisBiswas This works, and the $Z\times Z\times Z\cdots$ part is superfluous now!
@AlessandroCodenotti i guessed so
that part is redundant
@Alessandro this is the solution I was thinking of after I looked at the property on wikipedia hahaha
Another example is $G=Z_4\times Z_4\times Z_4\times\cdots$ and $H=G\times Z_2$
i had to build this from scratch
14:56
Yet another example (credits to @Akiva) is $G=F_3$ and $H=F_2$, where $F_n$ is the free group on $n$ generators
@AlessandroCodenotti the one you were hinting me at?
@AlessandroCodenotti wait. I have check what a free group is
@AlessandroCodenotti we got three examples wtf
@user170039 im new to latex so this would take a lot of time for me. But I understand it now. Thanks, also thanks to @AkivaWeinberger
A free group on two generators (call them $a$ and $b$) is essentially the group of any words you can make out of $a$, $b$, $a^{-1}$, and $b^{-1}$
with the rule that you can get rid of $aa^{-1}$ etc
user131753
14:58
No problem @Elsa.
@AlessandroCodenotti worth it. Really.
so for example, $aba^{-1}b^3a$ is an element of this group
4 hours of thinking worth the while
@user170039 I would agree that hate was a strong word.
Especially for someone who probably enjoys math in general.
Two elements of the free group are equal iff they're "obviously" equal (like $abb^{-1}a=a^2$ for example)
It's not obvious that $F_3$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $F_2$
That could be another puzzle
15:00
@AkivaWeinberger what is "obviously"?
If you can turn one into the other by things that you can do in any group (such as get rid of $bb^{-1}$, or rewrite $aa$ as $a^2$)
@AkivaWeinberger hmmmmm....
Every vertex of this graph corresponds to an element of $F_2$
@AkivaWeinberger does that mean that we can take any sort of collection of them, like $a^2b^4a^2b^7...$ (paying attention to the order, like in permutation)
@SubhasisBiswas Yeah, that's an element of $F_2$
assuming it's finitely long
15:03
I am trying to prove that $Aut(D_8) \cong D_8$ using the fact that $D_8 \triangleleft D_{16}$. I also know that $|Aut(D_8)| \le 8$, but I'm not sure that that is helpful...I could use a hint,
The point is, there's no nontrivial relations between $a$ and $b$
@AkivaWeinberger $F_3$ is with $a,b,c , a^{-1}, b^{-1},c^{-1}$?
Yes
Again, it's not immediately obvious why $F_3$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $F_2$
@AlessandroCodenotti, what deeper insights your exercise provides?
The equivalent of the Schroeder-Bernstein theorem for groups is false
15:05
In fact, $F_\infty$ (the free group on $a_0,a_1,a_2,\dots$) is isomorphic to a subgroup of $F_2$
(check DC again @Akiva)
@AlessandroCodenotti anything else?
Not really I would say
@AkivaWeinberger didn't expect that. Will try to understand these. Wish I was smarter to grasp all these details so fast
Yeah it's surprising isn't it
15:06
@AkivaWeinberger does $F_2$ contain $F_3$?
It contains an isomorphic copy of $F_3$
@AlessandroCodenotti any suggestions for me? how am I doing (mathematically)? I need to know I stand where.
@AkivaWeinberger $F_2$ is the boss?
The best proof I know of this involves pictures
does $F_2$ contain the isomorphic copies of every other free groups?
Well, I already said $F_2$ contains $F_\infty$
and clearly $F_\infty$ contains all the others, doesn't it?
15:09
I believe only the countably generated free groups
And all the others contain $F_2$
So if what I said is true, then every $F_n$ ($n=0,1,2,\dots,\infty$) contains every other one
@AkivaWeinberger I didn't get this.
Every element of $F_2$ is an element of $F_3$, for example
I meant $F_2\subseteq F_3\subseteq F_4\subseteq\dotsb$
@AkivaWeinberger yes yes... just by putting $cc^{-1}$ at the end of each "string" generated by $a,b, a^{-1} , b^{-1}$.
($F_1$, for the record, is isomorphic to $\Bbb Z$)
($n\leftrightarrow a^n$)
15:14
@AkivaWeinberger yep. Clear.
($a^3$ is a "string" of those symbols because it's shorthand for $aaa$, similarly $a^{-3}$ is shorthand for $a^{-1}a^{-1}a^{-1}$)
(just to make sure that the definition I gave makes sense for those)
Did you learn about the abelianization of a group?
Note that the abelianization of $F_n=\Bbb Z^n$
@AkivaWeinberger not at all.
Oh
Never mind then
nope. I will learn about it.
okay. So, $F_2$ is contained in others. And $F_{\infty}$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $F_2$. Yet the groups are not isomorphic?
15:18
wow
If that surprises you, you should look at the free group isomorphism problem in the theory of von Neumann Algebras.
Huge open problem about whether the group von Neumann Algebras $LF_n$ and $LF_m$ can be isomorphism if $n \neq m$>
I don't think I know enough to know what a von Neumann algebra is
that's not for me though, right now. Anyway, I will try to remember what you said, although I don't understand it.
$LF_n$ is called the free group factor.
Do I need to learn functional analysis for that?
15:20
Yeah, some FA helps; but there is a lot of FA that you probably don't need.
@AlessandroCodenotti I just finished proving 01I1 in Lean
it took 1104 lines
In mathematics, a von Neumann algebra or W*-algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator. It is a special type of C*-algebra. Von Neumann algebras were originally introduced by John von Neumann, motivated by his study of single operators, group representations, ergodic theory and quantum mechanics. His double commutant theorem shows that the analytic definition is equivalent to a purely algebraic definition as an algebra of symmetries. Two basic examples of von Neumann algebras are as follows: The...
@LeakyNun are you in undergrad?
Operator Algebras is the coolest branch of mathematics.
15:22
@LeakyNun what is your course structure?
be more specific?
is it a 4 year course?
I am just curious how did you get to study Sheaves at so early stage?
I think I could never become a doctor
I dunno if I could deal with that emotionally
@AkivaWeinberger what did you become
I haven't finished school yet
15:26
@SubhasisBiswas interest
I don't think I could deal emotionally with patients dying, is what I mean
@AkivaWeinberger and how old are you
19
I start college in a few months
@LeakyNun damn. Keep it up.
I only say this 'cause I'm reading a book by a surgeon
and I keep on getting emotional
I almost never get emotional for basically anything
15:30
I didn't know you were so young, Akiva
tbh I am also 19. But a lesser mortal compared to other guys here
no
but thanks
perhaps I am meant to be doing something other than math. I am a very undisciplined student.
15:32
@Rithaniel How've you been doing
i am afraid it is too late to be fixed.
I've been doing well. Doing some administrative work at the college over the summer and thinking a lot about grad school.
@AkivaWeinberger it is better not to. Don't let other things interfere with your mathematics.
Also, you're likely much more disciplined than me, subhasis. I dropped out of college the first time and tried doing other, more foolish, stuff.
By "emotional" I meant, like, crying, I didn't mean having emotions
I think having emotions takes precedence over math
15:34
Must be a powerful book.
@Rithaniel well. I flunked my second semester. :p
thought about dropping out that very same day when my 2nd semester exams were going on.
my friends talked some sense to me. Calmed myself down.
Do you know what job you want to do?
and/or what you want to do with yourself in four years
@AkivaWeinberger that's a question I keep asking myself. Never got a sure answer.
'Cause, like, if the classes you're taking aren't towards that goal
then what's the point of stressing over their exams
@AkivaWeinberger it's a part of our syllabus. The paper was on Co-ordinate geometry (2d and 3d), which I hate with a passion
I will have to retake that paper again to finish my degree.
15:40
What's the degree in
BSc honours in Math
outdated course structure.
and very impractical (to my knowledge)
I met a lot of people this year who wanted to discourage me from going to college
You kind of have to have a good answer, at least to yourself, of why you want to do this
@AkivaWeinberger you are meant to be in the academic sphere.
that's your place. That's the place where you will grow.
And you know this how
@AkivaWeinberger very important actually.
@AkivaWeinberger your interest in mathematics
15:45
Part of the issue with some degrees is how they're structured. I didn't really know if what I wanted was a degree in math until I took a proofs course, which, with the way things were structured where I am, didn't begin until my seventh semester.
(I spent the past year in Israel, so there were a lot of very religious people who were against the concept of colleges/universities and wanted everyone to study in a Yeshivah for the rest of their life)
(I leave in a week)
@AkivaWeinberger get out of that country
In a week, I said :P
you better do. Otherwise a life long regret will ensue.
I'm in Jerusalem right now
15:47
I was flip-flopping between aerospace engineering and chemical engineering and math up until then.
My assumption right now is that I'll end up in academia, but I want to take engineering classes just in case
and probably also comp sci and finance
(Hmmm, I am getting some lag. About seven messages popped up all at once)
I have until September(?) to figure this out
@Rithaniel what's your degree?
Comp Sci will be a massive help in any kind of field you end up in.
I'm a BS in abstract math.
15:49
True
And I mentioned here before that I want to learn Japanese
And there's liberal arts classes that you're required to take
@Rithaniel aahhh.. tru
so I think I'll have to take something in literature
or history
@Rithaniel You want to do a phd?
neither of which are my strong suits
I do plan on aiming for a Ph.D. but most plans for that put it about 6-7 years away.
15:51
I always found the acronym BS somewhat humorous
(sorry)
In fact, most of my thoughts lately have been bent around how I would want to approach grad school for a Ph.D.
Oh yeah, I'm a bulls*** in abstact math.
Meanwhile a BA is Bad-A**
Fun fact: there's a cookbook called Good and Cheap that the author made available for free online, that's aimed for people living on $4 a day
Unrelated
That sounds excellent.
see you guys
:)
will be back
was nice talking to you
Cya Subhasis
16:25
Hey everyone!
So I'm preparing for the GRE
What's a good calculus book I should pick up to prepare? The standard one I'm used to is James Stewart's one, though I'm not sure if there are better alternatives
I guess Hubbard and Hubbard is a good alternative
16:52
@Perturbative @Daminark took it!
(sorry to keep tagging @Daminark)
Thanks @ÍgjøgnumMeg I'll chat to Dami when he comes online
How's things going on your side? @ÍgjøgnumMeg
@Perturbative not bad thanks :) I start my masters in october so I'm veeery excited
How about you?
Nice! If I'm not mistaken you were worried about your master's application a while back, really glad things worked out in the end! :) Things aren't going too bad on my side either, looking forward to my bachelor's thesis which I'm about to start, and to the GRE
@Perturbative any way to do a shit load of calc problems will help w the gre
@Perturbative the main worry was about funding so I had to postpone for a while to work for a year, but I got a scholarship now! :D
@Perturbative nice, what are you gonna write about?
17:06
What's the 3D equivalent of a straightedge-and-compass construction? Instead of just lines and circles do you add planes, cones, cylinders, and spheres?
17:26
@AkivaWeinberger just take the quadratic closure of $\Bbb Q$
and take its cartesian cube
I know that'll be the set of constructible points
but what should the allowed operations be
17:48
4
Q: $f$ be an analytic function defined on $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$

learnerI came across the following problem that says: Let $f$ be an analytic function defined on $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$ such that the range of $f$ is contained in the set $\mathbb{C}\setminus (-\infty,0]$. Then $f$ is necessarily a constant function. there exists an analyt...

please help me to give examples for option 3 and 4
if you provide example for 3. i can construct similar one for 4.
@ÍgjøgnumMeg Sparkasse
@AkivaWeinberger I read about the constructions in field theory one time when I was in high school so I don't really remember anything about them anymore, but shouldn't you just be able to construct the points on a plane exactly the same way as in 2d and then translate the points around with planes?
So you'd only need planes and maybe spheres in addition to lines and circles
18:13
@ÍgjøgnumMeg Sorry for the late reply, great to hear that you got a scholarship! :) With regards, to my thesis, my topic is spectral sequences in algebraic topology, hopefully, I'll compute the homotopy groups of some spheres and also prove some homotopy-theoretic theorems using spectral sequences
@ÉricoMeloSilva Aye, that I shall do. Quick question do you by any chance have the GRE prep materials from the UChicago 2018 REU? (assuming you went to the 2018 REU of course)
18:29
@Perturbative nice :) Enjoy it, it was the best part of my undergrad by far lol
@Mathein okey cool :D
19:00
@Perturbative nah i never did the reu, amin did tho so ask him
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