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15:19
Question for the equation e^ix = cosx + isinx, is x = radians?
Great, thank you! I'm not great at mathematics. I study biology after all!
you do occasionally see $x$ specified in degrees e.g. $e^{i 360^\circ}=1$ but $e^{i2\pi}=1$ is far more common
and if it is in degrees, it should be written explicitly as such.
That makes sense. Thank you
hi
$n$ is a positive integer such that $n^2$ and $n^3$ contain digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 with non-repeating digits.
find $n$
15:31
non-repeating meaning "each digit appears exactly once"?
yes
we can get a bound on $n$. That is, $n \geq \sqrt{12345678} = 3513.64$
you also know that n^2 and n^3 are divisible by 9, since the sum of those digits is 36
and $n \leq \sqrt{87654321} = 9362.38$
spent a chunk of time writing an answer instead of working :/ time to do that
Thus $n = 3k$
15:36
i'd make tsking sounds but god knows i'm not being productive right now
is there anything else i can do to narrow it down
not seeing anything atm, though there presumably is something
do we know $n$ exists?
because I figure if you want something to cube to be less than 87654321 and square to be greater than 12345678 you're gonna have problems
yeah, i was just realizing that
I'm guessing the problem wants you to find (n^2, n^3) such that each digit appears only once in all digits of both numbers
15:43
@SamuelYusim We can also use $9$
actually my calculator gives the same problem as before so that's no help
well, there's nothing stopping you from using more than one nine
it's just the rest of the digits that can't be duplicated
...........oh
15:45
we can only use 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
but that also means that the earlier upper bound isn't invalid, since n^2 could include 0's and 9's
well, those are the only decimal digits. so i should think so, yes @Puzzled417
unless you mean that the repetition condition applies to 0 and 9 as well?
mmkay
wait
yeah i think n just can't have non repeating digits
thus the lower bound would be $\sqrt{12345678}$
yeah, that still holds
but i don't think you can give an upper bound anymore
and if that's so, then i really don't have any idea :/
wouldn't it be $\sqrt{9876543210}$?
why not $\sqrt{998765432100}$? all you've said is that 1-8 can't repeat, not 0 or 9
15:50
sorry i mean $n^2$ and $n^3$
can't have repeating digits
then that's a different problem than the one you specified initially
but that's what i stated though right
perhaps i just misread it
to clarify, then: both contain the digits 1-8, and no decimal digits are repeated?
yes
corrrect
if that's the case, though, then samuel's objection returns. the lower bound $n\geq \sqrt{12345678}\approx 3513.64$ implies $n^3\geq (12345678)^{3/2}\approx 43378289042.64$ which exceeds 9876543210 by about a factor of 4
15:59
(to be fair to your last edit, 4 is about 10)
yeah, orders of magnitude and all that
so if $n$ is big enough that $n^2$ contains digits 1-8 exactly once, then $n^3$ has at least 11 digits and therefore must have at least one repeated digit
or you could just say it is larger than the largest possible value of $n^3$
in any case, that'd imply that no such $n$ can exist subject to the stated constraints.
ok, i haven't "done" the computation but i think i understand how it works well enough.
what kind of computation is it?
16:05
so no such $n$ exists?
that is what i just said, yes.
@Semiclassical a sort of homology
i think the authors could have stood to provide a few more details.
so figuring out what the group structure is, or just figuring out how some of the elements behave?
16:08
well, so it's not singular homology, it's the homology of some chain complex. this chain complex has a map called the U-map on it. i wanted to see if the U-map sends certain elements where it should, but i was having a lot of trouble doing so because i repeatedly kept writing down representatives for homology classes that weren't actually... closed
so they weren't representatives of much anything
to actually get proper representatives i needed an infinite sum, which the authors hadn't indicated, and i don't really want to write down
right. not much point in asking if a given chain is a boundary if it's not a cycle to begin with.
16:24
That stats question was fun
I ended up posting one of my blog posts as an answer
17:35
@TedShifrin May I ask you a question about smooth manifolds? If $f\notin C^\infty(p)$, then can we define $\partial x_i^p(f)=\frac{\partial}{\partial x^i}|_p(f)$? Here is my question on main site. Thanks!
Where is @TedShifrin ?
Away. I tend to think its a little rude to ping someone you don't know well with a question when they're not even here, but that mihjt just be me.
Oh. Okay, sorry for being rude
I wasn't referring to you, but no worries anyway.
17:50
perfect squares: [13527684, 34857216, 65318724, 73256481, 81432576]
not one perfect cube has digits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 without repeat
nor do any of those perfect squares give rise to perfect cubes without some form of repetition
so if those are the only perfect squares satisfying the condition, then it's sunk
18:06
Is a smooth manifold a manifold with smooth coordinate charts or a manifold with smooth transition maps?
the second one
the first one doesn't make sense a priori, because you need a notion of differentiable function $f:M\to \Bbb R^n$, and you don't have that.
Hi @MikeMiller
18:32
@Simeon as Eric Stucky mentioned, to make sense of "smooth coordinate chart", you need to have your manifold embedded in some Euclidean space and then say that the charts are smooth maps. so if you don't have that and you're working with manifolds as abstract topological spaces, you'd want the transition maps to be smooth
if your manifold is embedded in some Euclidean space (i.e., is a subspace of some R^m) then both the definitions are equivalent.
18:56
hi
can things that aren't functions be one-to-one?
@user19405892 how would you define it?
something is one-to-one if if $f(x) = f(y)$, then $x = y$
The notation $f(x)$ pretty much supposes it is a function
One can make sense of injective for relations, but I have never seen it done
but couldn't this definition also work for things that weren't function?
@user19405892 only if $f(x)$ itself makes sense, which requires $f$ to be a function
18:59
notice the "if" in there. Thus, if it is undefined we don't need to consider it
@user19405892 That is not how "if" works, though one could get around this. But it would not become the most natural generalization
what do you mean it's not how "if" works?
sure, we could say that a relation is injective if for any $y$ there is a most one $x$ with $xRy$
oh it is for any
We generally don't ignore whether something is defined just because we have put as "if" before something where it occurs
I have just never seen this done (now I need to think about whether this is the same as being a monomorphism in the category of sets with relations, since this would be another natural generalization)
19:03
by "for any $y$", you mean for any $y$ in the codomain?
yes, I was being slightly vague to avoid having to name the codomain and domain
so it must be a function to be one-to-one or onto?
@user19405892 Usually, but as I said, we can make sense of it for relations in general if we need to
$f$ being a mono in said category would mean that whenever we have $fg = fh$ then $g=h$ with the usual composition of relations
Hi @iwriteonbananas. you here?
 
1 hour later…
20:16
Could I get a second opinion on this question? I feel like what they say in comments doesn't match what they've written in terms of what they're after.
@Semiclassical I have an integral for you
$$\int_0^1 \frac{\log \left(1+\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}} \, dx$$
hmm
my immediate impulse, mostly due to a problem i saw recently, is to sub $u=\sqrt{x^2-x+1}$ and hope for the best
but, actually, that's a bad idea since it's not a monotonic substitution on that interval
a small amendment: first, note that x^2-x=x(1-x) and so the integral is preserved by x\to 1-x
that lets one do the integral over (1/2,1). then the above u-sub is valid
$$\int_0^1 \frac{\log \left(1+\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\right)\log \left(1-\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\right)}{x^2-x+1} \, dx$$
hmm!
is that the next level up?
Just a more interesting version.
(but nothing very special)
20:26
mmkay
@Semiclassical In general it doesn't work to send such stuff to magazines as proposed problems. Far from being what cool is to me.
I could engineer some forms like that and then publish them successfully (but some serious work is needed - especially if you care your reputation).
...oh, dammit mathematica
you get through about 12 hours of calculations without issue...and then, while i'm doing a simple integral manipulation, you do a kernel crash
bye bye data
@Semiclassical while trying my integral?
yeah
and i hadn't thought to back up the data i'd collected
so yeah...
Sorry ...
20:33
not your fault. i should've thought to save it.
but blehhhh
what makes it worse is that this is the third day in a row that i've had something go wrong. (though the other times it went bad during the run, not after)
@Semiclassical If you remember I gave you not many days ago an integral where a crash is very possible in Mathematica.
So, there are such integrals with some risks.
yeah
i really hate kernel crashes.
and the way it's just like "...oh, had I done something for you? I've forgotten, sorry."
21:07
hey @Kari
Hey, @BalarkaSen!
what's up?
Not much. I don't really feel like working but I have exams starting next week.
I just want a holiday now.
How about you?
Oh no, the panic.
The panic?
21:08
I mean exams starting next week is a panicking situation. Especially if you don't feel like working, where you feel more panic because of not getting work done.
Ah, I see. I can relate to that.
@Kari I have not been able to scrap time to study the mathematics I want to study. Had to study physics and stat for school.
School, the morbid oppressor.
23 hours ago, by Danu
Physics so confuz amirite?
Hopefully starting this weekend everything will go back to normal because I got through much of the material I wanted to cover.
@Kari Well, it's not so bad now as I get to choose the subjects I want to study.
What do you want to study?
Also, why do you want to study it, @Balarka?
21:12
Statistics, physics, mathematics. To take physics I have to take chemistry though so blergh to that but it's not so bad anyway because physical chemistry is nice.
All three of the above relate to mathematics in a very direct, straightforward way. Best option I can get. That's why I want to study them.
Bye bye biology and history.
Is it ok to reference a big book instead of original sources, if the results I am referencing are fairly old?
cause if I put all the original sources, I am going to have a huge reference page
quality research paper: a page of abstract, a page of introduction, half a page of mathematics and ten million references.
haha that is what I am trying to avoid
with very broad margin, of course, because that's where you are going to put the proofs.
morning
21:17
Morning.
Good evening, @MikeMiller!
On an unrelated note, (classical) probability is nice.
Classical?
You know, combinatorial probability. Not statistical probability or abstract measure theory.
You work with finite probability spaces (ideally uniform spaces) and do counting arguments there to compute probabilities.
I really enjoy that probability.
The measure theory in modern probability can be quite obscure.
21:22
Hmm. I haven't really studied measure theory, admittedly.
I've only briefly glanced at the definition of a measure and probabilistic measures.
Therefore, I can't really talk about it much.
The trouble is that it doesn't help that the textbook I am using does everything in a vague fashion. It's a relief that I have a companion textbook with me which has the rigorous definitions, etc.
I like intuitions, but I also like to have the definitions jotted down.
@BalarkaSen I never actually had a physical chemistry course myself. I took an intro to thermo and stat mech instead
I wish they would let me choose something other than chemistry.
so many equations. too hard to memorize.
yeah. i mean, there's certainly math problems in chemistry. but not anything that'd be terribly interesting.
and probably the things that do end up being interesting are where it overlaps with physics
21:36
@Semiclassical that's the impression i get, yes.
physics for life, right?
well, of course
on an unrelated note, Bayes' theorem is a tautology but boy is it cute.
in probability?
21:42
yeah
yeah, it's a good one
albeit a tautology people aren't always great at using
right, it's slightly confusing when to apply what. a motivating example i keep in mind is the two hunter problem: both hit a target with some probability, so if a target dies after the two shoot together, whose shot had better probability of hitting the target?
although one can really just convert almost everything to urns and balls and do combinatorics there. it just gets a bit tedious sometimes.
i more have in mind things like disease testing, where people don't appreciate how important the false positive rate is
right, right, that's close to how i think about it.
I just realized P(A \cap B) = P(A) * P(B|A) is the rigorous foundation for the fact that choice of multiple balls from urns being simultaneous or one-after-another is irrelevant in the appropriate kind of urns-and-balls problems.
22:16
semic that's not too fair
group representations are pretty common in inorganic, for instance
there's a lot more linear algebra happening in experimental chemistry than they let on in high school, although that is admittedly kind of an extension of the standard ODE story.
obviously there's quantumy things and stat mech, which are either chemistry or physics depending on who you ask :P
The recovery of molecular structure from spectroscopy data isn't actually a "math problem" (at least, not the stuff I know about), but it has the same sort of feel to me as good textbook exercises.
22:40
@Semiclassical
In your opinion could information be the most basic building block of reality? Is there evidence you met in quantum physics to support such an idea?
Also @Balarka: Don't count out biology, please :) Also I wrote some things here, and this blog is entertaining and also written by an actual mathematical biologist.
Basically, what I'm saying is that I went though high school and most of college thinking that pure math was the only "real" game in town, and physics was somehow distinguished in its use of serious mathematics, and I don't want you to make the same mistakes :)
u16, do you know of Max Tegmark?
I'm probably getting that name horribly wrong. (Edit: yup, fix't)
[Hmm, apparently Eisen hasn't been writing as much about his field as he used to :/ ]
arright, back to work
23:07
Hi Eric
1
Q: The convolution is in $L^1$

EvindaAccording to my notes: The convolution is in $L^1$. Indeed $$\left| \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \left( \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} f(y) g(x-y) dy\right) dx\right| \leq \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |f(y) g(x-y)| dx dy= ||f||_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)} ||g||_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)}$$ First of all, the formula o...

Do you have an idea how we could justify that we can use Fubini?
23:40
@Evinda still on exams ?
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