@AsafKaragila I don't understand what graphs though. Could be the Hamming graph (connect two sets if their symmetric difference is a singleton set). But that doesn't fit too well either.
@Srivatsan I don't know. It was brought on meta several times, though. I do agree with the current status, [set-theory] is what you do when you actually deal with the axioms; the other stuff... equivalence relations and whatnot is all elementary stuff.
Much like [elementary-number-theory] vs. [number-theory]
@tb Variant, yes. But we are now looking at the least k subsets of the original set. Presumbly these near-minimum sets could have greater structure (that is to say, this problem might not be NP-complete).
(where subsets are ordered according to the sum of the elements)
I don't think so. I have the condition $t \min(|x|, |y|) \leqslant C$. I think I only need the part with the $|x|$ in there. I just wanted to state the result in a more general form which might be useful in the future.