you can say that certain functions are equivalent in different senses. In measure theory, you often encounter the L^p spaces. These are spaces of functions f such that the integral of |f|^p over the measure space is finite
If we want this space to have a norm, we have to identify all functions f, f' such that the integral of |f-f'|^p vanishes
And in topology, instead of considering all continuous maps between spaces, you can consider equivalence classes of functions (equivalence up to homotopy) to make life simpler
Evaluating $\frac{1}{2i\pi} \oint_C \frac{z^2}{z^2+4} dz$ where $C$ is the square with vertices at $\pm 2$ and $\pm 2 + 4i$
So, I rewrote the contour integral:$\frac{1}{2i\pi} \oint_C \frac{z^2}{(z+2i)(z-2i)} dz$
then used the Cauchy Integral Theorem:
$\frac{1}{2i\pi} \oint_C \frac{z^2}{(z+2i)(z-...
About the fourier transform: there are two "most important" structural characterizations if I see right? One being the functor for locally compact abelian groups, i.e. pontryagin duality, and the other being the automorphism (linear homeomorphism?) on the schwartz space, and the induced automorphism on tempered distributions
If you have independent discrete N-valued random variables X,Y, then P(X+Y=n) = sum over i,j with i+j=n of P(X = i)P(Y=j). One would have to normalize the sum to get a probability distribution, but that would involve taking sums of central binomial coefficients and I don't think that's a nice, often seen probability distribution
There's always some random walk interpretation for binomial coefficient problems haha