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7:00 PM
both ?
 
Only $f(Y)$
 
@Semiclassical Oh actually I just saw how you pieced everything together and you have a direct counterexample on the quantifier
 
so can $f(X)$ be $\Bbb R$, $f(Y)$ be $\{0\}$ and $f$ separate $X-c$ and $Y$ ?
 
No.
 
so ?
 
7:02 PM
It doesn't separate $X-c$ from $Y$.
 
so what is the only possiiblity for $f(X)$ and $f(Y)$ if $f$ wants to separate $X-c$ and $Y$ ?
 
$f(X)>b+f(c)$ and $f(Y)<b$?
Both have to be $\Bbb{R}$.
 
No I am asking which of the following 4 possibilities allow $f$ to separate $X-c$ and $Y$
1. $f(X) = \Bbb R$ and $f(Y) = \Bbb R$
2. $f(X) = \Bbb R$ and $f(Y) = \{0\}$
3. $f(X) = \{0\}$ and $f(Y) = \Bbb R$
4. $f(X) = \{0\}$ and $f(Y) = \{0\}$.
 
so you think you can find a $b$ such that $\Bbb R - f(c) > b > \Bbb R$ ?
 
7:09 PM
How can I show that a commutative ring $R$ has a unique prime ideal $\implies$ every nonunit is nilpotent? Without using the fact that the nilradical is the intersection of all prime ideals. I can easily show that every nilpotent element $x$ is contained in the prime ideal, but not the converse.
 
2
No.
 
same question about $\Bbb R - f(c) > b$
 
It can't be done right?
 
it can
well
you can't rule out possibility 4 yet
 
Didn't I propose that already?
 
7:10 PM
when ?
 
11 mins ago, by mercio
what must $f(X)$ and $f(Y)$ be ? (impossible is not an answer to what they have to be)
11 mins ago, by Oskar Tegby
0
 
yes then I asked if you meant both of them and you said no ?
 
I doubted. Now I'm more certain.
 
okay
so that's actually a really strong deduction that we get there
that $X$ and $Y$ must both be in the kernel of $f$
 
Yeah
 
7:12 PM
then you have to remember that $f$ is continuous and that the closure of $X+Y$ is the whole space
what does that say about $f$ ?
 
It should be able to map the whole space.
 
we already know that $f$ is a linear map from $E$ to $\Bbb R$ yes
 
I don't get what you're going for here.
 
we are going for $f = 0$
 
Yeah. We already said that. Right?
 
7:15 PM
no
we only know $f(X) = 0$ and $f(Y) = 0$
 
Right.
 
we want $f(E) = 0$
 
But by linearity we have $f(X+Y)=0$ right?
 
yes
 
$f(X)+f(Y)=f(X+Y)=0$
 
7:16 PM
uuuuuuh kinda
 
Why only kinda?
 
it's just abuse of notation that makes me unseasy between $0$ and $\{0\}$
 
Okay.
So we know that $f=0$.
 
no
 
$f(E)=0?$
 
7:18 PM
yes but why ?
 
As $\overline{X+Y}=E$
But we had only $X+Y$.
 
yes, and what about $f$ makes this step possible
 
continuity?
 
yes
 
Why?
 
7:19 PM
what do you know about kernel of continuous linear maps
what is the definition of a continuous function ?
 
The kernel is closed, so is the preimage?
The inverse is open.
 
the kernel is closed is good for my first question
 
Okay.
 
and we know the kernel contains $X+Y$ and that the closure of $X+Y$ is $E$
 
Yeah.
 
7:23 PM
so the kernel has to be $E$, which means $f(E)=0$
 
Yeah
 
and so there can't be a nonzero continuous linear functional separating $Y$ and $Z$
 
Yeah
Are we done?
 
I think ?
 
If it is zero, then it doesn't separate?
 
7:27 PM
if it is $0$ then its kernel is not an hyperplane
and a map sending everything to a single point isn't really useful to separate things
 
Then it's the entire space as just shown.
No.
Okay.
Now I only have to do the last part. This one will be an all nighter.
 
You can recycle quite a bit of what you've done already for the last part
 
Sorry for taking so much time. I obviously really appreciate your effort.
Yeah! Shouldn't it be almost identical for $\ell^p$?
 
Congrats @Oskar @mercio :)
 
I am tired all of a sudden
 
7:30 PM
I feel like the worst when taking so much time. It's just very slow when we can only write things.
 
LOL @mercio: Wait 'til you've taught 40+ years like me :P
 
;w;
 
@OskarTegby Maybe, you tell me
 
:0
 
I only really learn things when I am struggling
 
7:31 PM
heya Demonark
 
Same!
 
it's funny to me at times how much stuff here could be explained more easily if there was a chalkboard
 
I don't see why things should be different in $\ell^p$ here.
 
Yeah!
 
7:32 PM
@Semiclassic: One of the reasons I'm really not a fan of distance learning.
 
yeah
it has its uses, but
face-to-face interaction at a board is hard to compete with in terms of immediacy and flexibility
 
It's good for some things. Elaborate explanations like these aren't what it's best for.
It's not as if it's easier to get hold of the professor, though.
 
one thing I do like about here vs. offline is that you can go back and reread the transcript
 
Yeah!
 
And find all our mistakes? :P
 
7:34 PM
pretty much, lol
you can make notes of offline conversations, of course, e.g. taking pictures of a blackboard
but it'll never capture everything, since there's just so much there to capture
 
Since cell phones, more students started skipping taking notes and taking pictures of the blackboards. I am very skeptical.
 
whereas the transcript is a more complete record, albeit of a much more narrow interaction
 
Learning shouldn't be easy. Then it isn't learning.
 
Heyall
 
heya @Krijn
 
7:37 PM
Does even anything change in $\ell^p$? I feel like it doesn't.
 
Mathematics is no place for feelings. :D
 
@TedShifrin I think this is because students are going from "knowing things" to "knowing where I can find things"
 
(Dreads the starboard.)
 
proof isn't a place for feelings
 
7:39 PM
Although, I feel like everyone, understandably, is sick of me and my questions by now.
 
@Krijn: It's a matter of understanding more than knowing, though, for serious mathematics.
 
@TedShifrin I need to write things by hand to learn. Even if I'm studying from a book or notes by myself, I write a lot
 
I need to try my hardest, and then discuss it with someone if I can't solve it myself.
 
I agree, @Alessandro. When I studied for my graduate qualifying exams, there were some analysis proofs I wrote out a dozen times.
 
@Krijn The version of that which I've seen in intro physics occurs most in the pre-med/bio major version of the course, though it's present in all versions
 
7:40 PM
I agree as well, I don't ever read the notes I take, but I still take them
 
namely, they tend to treat the problems as a matter of finding the right formula
 
When I took algebra in 2nd year of college, I think I rewrote my notes every day.
I don't remember doing that for other courses.
 
They rely on a very simple notion of pattern-matching
 
It's fascinating how different we all are.
 
I never took any notes in college, lol.
 
7:42 PM
I am very different from me.
 
I am not me.
 
And I think that reflects their coursework: They're required to absorb swathes of information and give the right response when asked about it
 
Oh, I always took notes ... in college, grad school, some seminars in professional life.
 
That doesn't work so well in intro physics, though, because the pattern-matching is at a bit deeper level
 
@OskarTegby We'll just call you Sybil :)
 
7:42 PM
For my courses, I will just refer to the relevant books later on, if I do attend the lectures in the first place, lol.
 
Haha why?
 
what you need to be watching for are patterns of solution and application, not specific problems themselves
 
A lot of us lecturers don't just read out of the textbook, though. Even using my own textbooks, I hardly ever followed (except for certain big proofs, where I tried to give more intuition and often reorganize).
 
What's Sybil, @Ted?
 
I am sorry I haven't watched any of your videos yet @TedShifrin, even though I did click on some of them.
 
7:44 PM
Sybil had something like 20 different personalities.
 
Which Sybil?
 
Is that the movie Split?
 
In the movie Split, the guy had many personalities too, and he kidnapped three women.
 
7:45 PM
@TedShifrin This should be a quote on the book. "Even I hardly follow this book" - Ted Shifrin, on his own book.
 
of course, there's Sybil-the-character and Sybil-the-person
 
oh, that's a new movie — I hadn't heard of it, Jasper.
 
Schizophrenia is not the same as split personality, but many people mix up the two.
 
@TedShifrin it's an m night shyamylan picture
 
@Krijn: I mean ... a lot of faculty literally transcribe the book to their notes and then their notes to the board. I make sure to do different examples almost all the time.
 
7:46 PM
there's a sequel of sorts along the way, though the details of that are a spoiler
 
Is the last part of the problem easy? I just want to go to bed, but I want to have it all done before then. :(
 
Even my schizophrenic friend is doing better than me. He is getting married this weekend.
 
$E=\ell^p$ and $E=c_0$
 
Oh @Semiclassical I have stopped taking meds for a few months. I don't think I will ever take them again. Doesn't really help, it seems...
 
Hey @Alessandro and @Ted!
 
7:50 PM
So, how's alg top going, Demonark?
 
Does anyone here know of a book that treats axiomatic geometry in 3 dimensions in detail? Most books on axiomatic geometry do it in detail only for 2 dimensions.
 
Since I hate axiomatics, I have no idea.
 
I've had to pause it a bit, yesterday I flew into Chicago and today we're getting a couple things that I don't have, but hopefully we'll be done soon and I can kick it back up
 
Didn't Euclid do a good deal in 3D?
 
How can one not love all of math?
I think that people who don't like math are just lying to themselves.
They're insane.
 
7:51 PM
Did all the exercises of 1.1 except for the plane cutting compact sets in half
 
Euclid is not rigorous enough for me. There are some mistakes in the axioms, something like that.
 
The ham sandwich theorem is cool, Demonark, but I told you that nailing details takes time.
@Jasper: Sounds like you've never even read Euclid carefully.
 
@JasperLoy i'm currently between clinics right now, and had convinced myself I was out of a med when I really wasn't. made it quite discombobulating when I asked the pharmacy and they told me I should still have a week left
 
@TedShifrin Yes, you are right, lol.
 
Lol, that's a bit of a stretch. Like, I feel with most subjects people should be able to recognize what other people find interesting, but people have different taste.
 
7:53 PM
(I had two bottles, one new and one old. I had started using the new one, but then accidently put it in the wrong place and went to the old one. so when that one ran out I was like wtf)
 
And yeah you did mention. But yeah I backtracked and have been reading chapter 0 didn't quite do the exercises before my flight
 
@Semiclassic: You're young to be so absent-minded :P
 
lol
i am not an organized person
 
@Daminark You would love Bredon's Topology and Geometry if you are into algebraic topology.
 
Is that an age thing? I was absent-minded even at 3
 
7:54 PM
I am more organized than the average bear, I think.
Demonark: It tends to get worse with aging and the dying of neurons.
Not to mention Alzheimers ...
 
@Semiclassical Discombobulating is a difficult word for me.
 
@JasperLoy I've been told it was pretty good, nice that it mixed difftop in
 
i'll be honest, I had to look up the spelling
 
@Daminark Not exactly differential topology, but just differential manifold theory.
 
Does it not have stuff like transversality and degree?
 
7:57 PM
Anyway @TedShifrin currently my first choice for a book on axiomatic geometry is ... John Lee's Axiomatic Geometry, lol.
 
the fun thing is that discombobulate doesn't really have a proper etymology
 
@Daminark Only a little bit. It's not like Morris Hirsch's Differential Topology.
 
@TedShifrin Let's not bring age and mathematics back together this week...\
 
'"to upset, embarrass," 1834, discombobricate, American English, fanciful mock-Latin coinage of a type popular then"
 
I just don't like teaching anything axiomatically. I mean, we all use basic axioms and logic, but I do not like the course we "train" future high school math teachers with. And high school geometry with its two-column proofs ruined math for generations and generations of students.
@Krijn: Are you turning aged this week or are you referring to global affairs?
 
7:58 PM
Also when I get some more AT and do manifolds but more sophisticatedly I'd like to do more difftop. Neves is teaching grad this year so I wonder if he's gonna do forms this time for cohomology
 
I am interested in it for its own sake. I don't know why they bring in high school math teachers into the picture either.
 
I still remember that my geometry book talked about 'paragraph proofs' only near the end of the book
aka how anyone actually doing math does proofs
 
@TedShifrin The latter, I think, I'm not sure...
 
Actually, the 2 column proof is just a format. Who says we have to write it in 2 columns?
 
Lol I remember going into college I was told that people who liked high school geometry would be in better shape for proof-based math and I was like yeah I didn't like that, probably not gonna do math
 
8:00 PM
lol
 
The teachers do.
 
I anticipated at the time that I would do physics or chem
Then I took Spivak and was like nah this is way better
 
I don't see how high school geometry is related much to proof based math.
I think the simplest proof one can show high school kids is that root 2 is irrational.
 
Oh, Demonark, I had numerous students in the Spivak course (and then, later, in my multivariable math course) who were shocked to discover math was interesting.
That proof is in Euclid, @Jasper, btw.
 
I guess the logic is: Euclid is where we get plane geometry from, and Euclidean geometry was derived from Euclid's axioms, so let's make geometry the place to talk about proofs
 
8:02 PM
They were very consumed with commensurability.
 
Hi @Mathei
 
I wonder why Spivak never wrote his Calculus on Manifolds like his Calculus. Do you know @TedShifrin?
 
@JasperLoy then show them one of the best proofs in the subject. Which is that a^b might be rational even if a and b are irrational
 
he was barely out of grad school when he wrote Calculus on Manifolds.
 
I like that statement: "shocked to discover math was interesting"
 
8:02 PM
Hi @Alessandro @Ted @Daminark and everyone else
 
I mean it, @Rithaniel.
heya @Mathein
 
I think the key for me was that I made math interesting for myself
 
@Rithaniel looks like @MikeMiller I suspect they are the same person lol
 
like, I did a good deal of playing around with simple number theory stuff in high school, without actual expertise
 
Yeah, I agree. I still find the statement mildly humorous.
 
8:04 PM
For once someone actually agrees with me.
 
Math is ruined by most primary/secondary teaching.
 
so for instance I didn't have a good way to explain why a number and its digital sum were the same mod 9
i knew, for instance, that 10^n = 1 mod 9
 
Well, not always. Sometimes you do get a few good primary level math teachers.
 
@Semiclassical I call digital root the final one digit number.
 
It's uncommon, but it does happen.
 
8:05 PM
but my way of explaining it would be based on the binomial expansion of (1+9)^n
 
Oh actually NT was something I liked even in high school. If I give credit to the IB for nothing else, they have a project that they ask people to do. Mine was on like, in-the-womb-level modular arithmetic but I still liked it a lot
 
which is overkill
 
Hey @Mathein, how's it going?
 
my finest accomplishment was coming up with a division rule for 7s, based on 100 = 2 mod 7
 
@Ted: Things should be quite similar for $E=c_0$. Right?
 
8:06 PM
@Semiclassical 7 and 13 is hard. You must be genius.
 
it was a task, I'll say that much
 
I can at most figure out 10 myself, lol.
 
though, the fact that 100 = -4 mod 13 may help
 
Hello is there a quick way to explain to someone why Z_2 is isomorphic to GF(2)? Basically Z_2 is a field and GF(2) is a field with 2 elements.
 
i dunno. with seven it was nice since you had 100 = 2 mod 7, 100^2 = 2^2=4 mod 7, 100^3 = 2^3=1 mod 7
 
8:08 PM
@Daminark pretty well, thanks! I went on a trip to the hut in which Heidegger wrote being and time with a friend who's a philosophy major, that was fun. And for you?
 
with 13 you'd have nothing so nice
 
First time I see semi discussing congruences.
 
@Maximus i'm not sure what you're looking for beyond "show that the isomorphism works"
 
foreverinactive seems to be gone from the site for now.
 
i.e. show that there's a bijection which preserves the field operations
 
8:11 PM
@Semiclassical I see but isn't Z_2 just GF(2) in different notation?
 
sure, but you can say the same about any isomorphism
 
my book says the field Z_p is denoted by GF(p), so that's what confuses me. how do the elements in GF(p) look like?
 
I'd just take them to be integers 0,1,...,p-1
 
That does make most sense
 
I see, so it just means the same thing
 
8:15 PM
they're saying that GF(p) is just a different name for Z_p
 
right
 
But there is only one field of a certain finite size up to isomorphism
 
dunno why they bother, but that's presumably conventional
 
and GF(2)[x] is polynomials with coefficients from Z_2 correct?
 
Yeah
I guess it's so that when you reach GF(4) you won't mistake it for $Z_4$
 
8:17 PM
makes sense, yeah
the identification works for primes, but not for prime powers
 
yeah, like Z_9 is not isomorphic to GF(9) since it's not even a field
correct?
 
Z/9 is not a field, no
 
Yeah
 
Thanks guys!
 
GF(9) is a field, but it's by necessity a different beast than Z/9
 
8:18 PM
It's much clearer now, it was so confusing
 
Field theory still confuses me sometimes
Often*
 
@MatheinBoulomenos that is amazing. I'm just getting ready for classes on Monday
 
Usually*
 
@Maximus Z_9 = Z_3 x Z_3
 
Though it's also confusing as a physicist since the physics meaning of 'field' is vastly different than the 'abstract algebra' meaning
 
8:20 PM
Mathein knows I'm being cheeky here
 
haha
 
I was typing a very angry remark there...
 
That's assuming I'm not horribly mistaken which isn't outside the realm of possibilites since my p-adic knowledge is limited
 
:s
 
Which means that CFT means something very different to a mathematician than a physicist, (equally esoteric for both tho) despite them both being 'field theory'
 
8:21 PM
class(ical) field theories ?
 
@Semiclassical Is CFT as beautiful for the physicist as it is for the mathematician?
 
Conformal field theory
 
Chromatic?
Oh
 
oh :(
 
A conformal field theory (CFT) is a quantum field theory that is invariant under conformal transformations. In two dimensions, there is an infinite-dimensional algebra of local conformal transformations, and conformal field theories can sometimes be exactly solved or classified. Conformal field theory has important applications to condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, quantum statistical mechanics, and string theory. Statistical and condensed matter systems are indeed often conformally invariant at their thermodynamic or quantum critical points. == Scale invariance vs. conformal... ==
 
8:22 PM
:46929701
 
I need to learn that
 
Where conformal is in the sense of complex analysis, i.e. preserving angles
 
You were right for mathematics
 
@Daminark $\Bbb Z_9$, if you define it as $\Bbb \varprojlim \Bbb Z/9^n\Bbb Z$, is just the same as $\Bbb Z_3$
 
I was thinking just the power series interpretation
 
8:23 PM
the following isn't quite right, but one gloss is that a CFT is a quantum field theory which is scale-invariant
 
Since my category theory power level is limited
 
hmm, I'm not sure. I don't usually think about p-adics where p isn't prime
 
in more grounded physics, that usually shows up when you talk about a system in the vicinity of a phase transition
since there the relevant length scale that you use to describe the transition diverges
 
This was mostly based on Wikipedia saying that the 10-adics are the 5-adics times the 2-adics tbh
Speaking of CFT: I've started going back through some parts of Neukirch, I'm now at the part that I skipped the first time on discriminants, and I feel I'm finding it easier to follow him
 
as such, people like to describe the behavior of a system at the critical point in terms of CFT stuff
which is on the one hand great, because you get exact results and universal behavior
 
8:25 PM
@Daminark Neukirch is great stuff :D
 
but on the other hand it's horrible, because CFT is obscure
 
@Daminark nice! ANT is still my favorite subfield of math
 
Since when do we have ANT-fans in this chat
I've been away too long
 
It's looking fun. I liked Milne but somehow he made the commutative algebra input really boring
Neukirch I guess is a bit more brisk and I sorta know what's aiming toward Dedekind domains
 
I had a great class with just one other student and a very enthusiastic prof on CFT
He wrote his own book
You could try that
 
8:29 PM
yeah, I really like Neukirch's style
 
But when Milne just talked raw commalg I was like zzz
Lol luckily my professor agreed to do a reading course in NT this fall, not sure yet what it's gonna be, will discuss with him soon
But maybe CFT
 
if you do the algebraic proof of CFT, be prepared for some technical group cohomology stuff
 
Lol, I remember he said "and now we have to take a look at the kernel of this (Artin) map"
And then we looked at that kernel for three weeks or so, what the hell
I thought it would be five minutes
 
For true crank material I want to see someone claim that CFT=CFT
 
Let's see what the langlands programme can come up with
 
to show that a polynomial is irreducible let's say in Z_3 it is sufficient to plug in all the elements of Z_3 and to show that they are not roots correct?
 
@Semiclassical What the hell, I was jokin
 
"Automorphic forms prove JFK assassination was by the CIA"
 
I think that comment was intended as humor
 
@Maximus that's if you're of degree ≤ 3
 
8:37 PM
@Maximus I'm a bit out of this stuff, but couldn't it be two degree two polynomials multiplied
 
This, on the other hand, appears to be serious if avowedly speculative: its.caltech.edu/~matilde/CFTtoCFT.pdf @Krijn
 
Right, that makes sense
Is there a way to find such polynomials?
 
@MatheinBoulomenos I've been meaning to learn group cohomology for sure, was probably the thing I would've done over the summer if not for complex multiplication
 
@Semiclassical The article from Frenkel you mean?
 
Oh, no
 
8:39 PM
Also I ended up titling the paper "Elliptic Curves and Dreams of Youth"
 
@Semiclassical Do you know of any theoretical physics book series that goes all the way from classical mechanics to general relativity?
 
@Daminark awesome
 
I meant the KConrad comment
 
Group cohomology has fun stuff, go for it!
 
I assume you're referencing Kronecker's Jugendtraum
 
8:40 PM
@JasperLoy landau lifshitz is the usual reference
 
Or do Tate Cohomology at least
 
@MatheinBoulomenos yeah I was
 
@Semiclassical I see. Is general relativity even covered there? I can't remember...
 
@Semiclassical Yes but Langlands = Class Field Theory On Steroids
So your CFT = CFT was not too far off
 
Good question, I dunno
I’ve never learned GR myself so I don’t know the relevant texts
 
8:41 PM
Well, I do know there is Theoretical Physics 1--8 by Nolting, but that doesn't touch GR.
I hope Milne publishes more of his notes into books in future.
 
@Krijn huh
Guess it’s not quite as cranky as I’d have imagined
 
Yeah Milne is quality. Actually I realized after I did my paper that some of the stuff about projective curves having points at infinity which babby Silverman didn't really explain well and which threw me off was way better explained in Milne's book on elliptic curves
 
Yeah, he has notes on AG and ANT.
In case you did not know, Anthony Knapp has Basic Algebra, Advanced Algebra, Basic Real Analysis, and Advanced Real Analysis on his website for free legal downloading.
And his Advanced Algebra does cover some AG and ANT.
The four books are very beautifully typeset and the diagrams are very beautiful. =)
 
I wish I still did mathematics
 
You don't anymore @Krijn?
 
8:50 PM
I'm in consultancy
 
@JasperLoy I do like the table of contents of advanced algebra
 
@Krijn Better than me. I am a jobless lunatic.
 
I do really cool stuff, and I couldn't go back to mathematics I think, but I do miss it sometimes
 
You know, you can always read math on your own, as a hobby.
 
@JasperLoy I don't know if that's better; I'm a lunatic with money, which is far more dangerous
 
8:51 PM
at least the money is good
 
@Krijn At least you have money. I don't.
 
Actually question, did you have any specific experience that helped you get in to that? I'm kinda wondering how well one can just pivot into these kinds of jobs
 
@MatheinBoulomenos The four books together add up to over 2000 pages, lol.
 
Versus do I actually have to learn to code
 
@Daminark I think consultancy is a very broad term.
 
8:53 PM
Strategic consultancy basically looks for high-achievers, smart guys
Most mathematics graduates I know fit that profile
But then, there's a business aspect that most mathematicians don't feel comfortable with
I.e. I wear a suit every day
 
Some mathematicians wear suits. =)
 
Yes, some is the antonym of most
 
True story. I know of someone who cooks noodles in a wok where it is hot and stuffy, and he wears a tie and shirt while cooking.
 
I'm lucky with where I work though, they let me run free with cryptography
 
I don't know why he does that, but the attention does bring him good business.
 
8:56 PM
Even though it's a bit removed from their core business
 
I am hoping I would win the lottery soon.
 

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