/dev/chat

« first day (3133 days earlier) ← previous day next day → last day (1826 days later) »

3:30 AM

How do I solve the following error while apt update:

> : http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch-updates/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key.
W: http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch-backports/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key.
W: http://security.debian.org/dists/stretch/updates/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key.

3 hours later…

Kusalananda

6:31 AM

@Pandya It looks like the keyring file has either the wrong permissions or the wrong owner (or both).

6 hours later…

user280247

12:34 PM

Hi guys: why 'echo hello>file1' works and 'hello>file1' doesnt?

user280247

Isnt possible to include a string without echo? Is there any reason for that or is it the way linux works (and I should accept it)?

fra-san

12:55 PM

@santimirandarp Hi! What do you mean by "works"/"doesn't work"?

@santimirandarp If you are referring to a "command not found" error, that is because the shell basically expects to receive a command followed by its arguments. echo is a command, while hello has no special meaning for the shell (unless you have a program named hello).

@santimirandarp Of course the whole thing is quite more complex than this, so you may want to have a look at some official documentation. I would suggest the GNU Bash Reference Manual, particularly the "Shell Syntax", "Shell Operations" and "Shell Commands" parts in the third section: gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Basic-Shell-Features

@santimirandarp Though, the official documentation may be unpleasant to digest. An often quoted guide with many examples is mywiki.wooledge.org, and the relevant pages for echo hello >somefile are mywiki.wooledge.org/BashGuide/CommandsAndArguments and mywiki.wooledge.org/BashGuide/InputAndOutput (see "Redirection").

Kusalananda

1:21 PM

@santimirandarp Is there any reason for not wanting to use a command?

Jesse_b

@santimirandarp You could open the file with your preferred editor and type hello in it

Kusalananda

@santimirandarp It's not so much "the way Linux works" as "the way the shell works". You give commands at the shell prompt. The shell executes the command. The echo command will produce output, and the > instructs the shell to put that output into a file. Without a command that produces text, you can't really put text into a file.

user280247

1:54 PM

@Kusalananda is there any very simple example of the whole process available out there?

Jesse_b

@santimirandarp Which process

user280247

@fra-san the explanation was very clear. So I should think shell in the same way I think the python terminal, and shell is the interpreter. And thanks but for the manual too, I'll give it a try but i'm sure I'd fail ha

user280247

doesn't my message redirect you to a previous message from @Kusalananda? sorry i'm from my phone

user280247

@Kusalananda no i'm just watching tutorials and wasn't see about it...

Jesse_b

@santimirandarp ASCII is simply a standard to convert binary to letters. There has to be a standard or computer hardware would be mostly incompatible with each other

user280247

2:00 PM

do you guys use the terminal to send emails? Is there any fast way to handle (send and receive) emails particular of linux? I don't like to open the web browser too frequently

user280247

@Jesse_b yes but that's not the question, I'll try to express it again

Jesse_b

> no, wait. I'm asking what does ASCII have to do with the hardware. I mean with the electrical circuits and so on @Fabby

The hardware talks in bits, ASCII is the standard used to convert those bits to letters

user280247

uhmmm

Jesse_b

it was originally done with hardware called a keyboard controller but now software does it

user280247

I understand that letters, and almost all info, is stored in bits

user280247

2:03 PM

but is there any relation between this notation and the physical hardware?

Jesse_b

There was when computers used keyboard controllers. Now it is done in software

user280247

for example 1000000 implies some switches (circuits) in and others of?

user280247

I see, that's complicated i guess

user280247

is there any place where I can find all the path from typing a letter to its screen print?

user280247

(in a conceptual/basic level. i know math and physics but have no computer knowledge)

fra-san

2:07 PM

You may play around with tools like this: https://explainshell.com/
Unfortunately I'm not aware of simple but comprehensive examples, sorry.

Jesse_b

@santimirandarp This link explains the keyboard controller setup a bit: computer.howstuffworks.com/keyboard5.htm

Although I'm fairly certain computers no longer use keyboard controllers

If you're trying to learn the inner workings of a computer though I don't think the keyboard is the best place to start

I would start at the CPU and work out

αғsнιη

I think so

who knows, maybe he came somewhere inside its distro

3 hours later…

Faheem Mitha

5:07 PM

I think what this site needs is more GIMP experts.

As it is, I have to try to read the GIMP documentation.

Kusalananda

@FaheemMitha This site exists to allow people to skip reading the documentation?

Faheem Mitha

@Kusalananda I always thought that was the purpose, yes.

Fabby

5:22 PM

@Jesse_b I understood that the question was: Why is an 'A' an '1000001'

So the answer to that is: Because ASCII.

I still remember EBCDIC...

@santimirandarp Buy a computer history book.

A lot of things are because of the Roman's horse's arse situation...

Why are the Space Shuttle boosters that size? Because they need to fit unto a train tunnel. Why is the train tunnel that wide? Because of the train tracks. Why are the train tracks that wide? Because the Brits built them that way. Why did the Brits build them that way? Because the roads were built that way. Why Were the roads that way in Britain? Because the Romans built them that way. Why did the Romans built them that way? Because it had to be wide enough to let a Roman War chariot through.

Why was the Roman chariot that wide?

Aha! We reached the final answer:

Well, the Romans decided that a war chariot pulled by 2 horses had the be that wide so that

1. horses could not kick one another

2. Could not kick the war chariot.

So the most advanced transport system in the world has that form because... A Roman's horse's ~~arse~~ hind train.

Faheem Mitha

5:41 PM

@Fabby I think we covered that earlier.

Fabby

5:54 PM

@FaheemMitha >:-)