The Turkish alphabet, which is a variant of the Latin alphabet, includes two distinct versions of the letter I, one dotted and the other dotless. The dotless I, I ı, denotes the close back unrounded vowel sound (/ɯ/). Neither the upper nor the lower case version has a dot. The dotted İ, İ i, denotes the close front unrounded vowel sound (/i/). Both the upper and lower case versions have a dot. Examples: İstanbul /isˈtanbuɫ/ (starts with an i sound, not an ı). Diyarbakır /dijaɾˈbakɯɾ/ (the first and last vowels are spelled and pronounced differently) In contrast, the letter j does not have this...