This one is a slightly different Question of the Week. Makerofthings7 asked a list-type question, which generally doesn’t fit on the Stack Exchange network, however this question generated a lot of interest and some excellent answers containing a lot of useful information, so it is probably worthwhile posting an excerpt of that content here. If you are a budding cryptographer, or a developer asked to implement a crypto function, read these guidelines first!
D.W., one of our resident high-rep cryptographers provided a number of the highest scoring answers. …