01:56
@Zanna Hi! There are two things. Let's discuss first for the standard script for Sanskrit on which my views with Nogshine differes.
You may be aware that the Vedas are the primary text of Hinduism. You can say the concept, philosophy, practice etc. i.e Hinduism is based on Vedas. Now the language in which Vedas are chanted from beginning and later on written down is Sanskrit.
All other text e.g. Smriti, Purana, Agama, Darshana are written in Sanskrit.
Presently Devnagari is the script used for Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Braj Bhasha, Chhattisgarh, Haryanvi, Magahi, Nagpuri, Rajasthani, Bhili, Dogri, Marathi, Nepali, Maithili, Kashmiri, Konkani, Sindhi, Newar, Bodo, Mundari and Gujarati, many more with some variations.
We can say In North, west and middle part of india Devanagari and Hindi is dominant. In South India, there are 4 primary languages Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada which have their own script.
I heard that some people observing cultural difference between north and south part, talk about Arya and Dravida which sometimes debatable and offensive. I am not interested in such a discrimination :)
Though Devanagari is used for Sanskrit todays, it's found upon research that Brahmi script is the ancient one which was used for Sanskrit before Devanavari. Writing in Brahmi script are found on stone in hisotical place at present days also. And Brahmi is one out of which many scripts like Devanagari are derived or evolved.
But today we don't have scriptures Vedas and others in Brahmi script. The oldest serving scripture Vedas are in Devanagari script.
Devanagari has been used for writing Sanskrit for long time (since 1st century). And hence it's the standard script that is used to write Sanskrit and text Vedas, Smritis, Puranas, Agamas, Darshanas etc. for long time.
That's why many transliteration schemes e.g. IAST, ITRANS are introduced for transliterating latters of Devanagari into English like letters and ISO standard See :
There are several methods of transliteration from Devanāgarī to the Roman script (a process known as romanization) which share similarities, although no single system of transliteration has emerged as the standard. This process has been termed Romanagari, a portmanteau of the words Roman and Devanagari. (Devanagari is the name of the script in which Hindi is written). The term may also be used for other languages that use Devanagari as the standard writing script, such as Marathi, Nepali or Sanskrit.
== IAST ==
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a subset of the ISO...
You can easily find tools for transliterating Devanagari to IAST et. all and vice versa.
Btw, I am not aware of tools that can transliterate Brahmi to IAST. /cc @NogShine do you know about any such tool? Then share it would be useful :)
I am also not sure whether Vedic accent and some special signs that we find in Devanagari writing of
Vedic Sanskrit can be correctly transliterated or not.