@Micrified The easiest way to measure the phase delay of a filter would be to feed in a sine wave and measure the response directly. Do this over many frequencies and then you have your answer

Hey everyone. So I'm wondering how electrical substations work. :D

When I'm working with 5 V DC on a PCB, distributing power is pretty straightforward. If I have one source and several loads, I just connect them all to a single wire and boom, it works.

For a substation with one incoming set of lines and several outgoing sets of lines, is there a major difference as to how that works, or is it essentially the same?

Let's assume that the voltage is the same all around so that no transformers are needed.

@TannerSwett the big difference is that substation will have protection devices for the outgoing lines (fuses/breakers/protection relays)

so, like the breaker box in your house, just bigger :)