checking if issquarefree, issquare,isprime,isprimepower,ispolygonal,isfundamental, ispower, ispowerful,ispseudoprime,ispseudoprimepower,istotient in an if, you don't need to check if they are 1 or 0, they simply 1 if true, and 0 if their negation eould return 1. so ==1, or ==0 actually slow down code., you can check their variables they return to if giben, in a separate check.