Root Access

How to change mapping for buttons Zoom + / Zoom - on MS Natural Keyborad 7000 to mimic presses on arrow key up / down? I often have to move the whole wrist to move hand to 'arrow keys' section - what is cumbersome when touchtyping. BTW. I was able to remap buttons Back/Forward to Home/End [dire...

Hennes

re GUI on server: Sometimes you do want one.

E.g. when you (or your coworkers) are only used to that and not learning how to work without it

Which is not 'the way it should be', but which is often 'the way it is'.

Wow, questions about gaming on a graphics card from 2003-ish....

Journeyman Geek

lol

whut?

Jordan Richards

I agree, it's definitely best to go without a gui if you can.

Journeyman Geek

@Hennes: where is this question?

Hennes

12:29 PM

0

Q: OpenGL 2.1 or higher for Windows XP

For a game I need OpenGL 2.1 or higher, but I want it to run on my good old Win XP box with an ATI Radeon 9200SE graphics card. It currently seems to have OpenGL 1.3.1008 WinXP Release and graphics driver version 6.14.10.6542 installed. Searching for OpenGL 2.1 to download only resulted in sever...

windows-xp drivers graphics-card amd-radeon opengl

Journeyman Geek

._.

I've seen this guy around in AU

@bertieb and fountain pens

Jordan Richards

@JourneymanGeek Thanks for responding to my question by the way. Unfortunately i was away when you sent your response.

I know that the server is rebooting because "last reboot | head -1; date" returned the time that it crashed.

dmesg is empty because apparently: "this is a limitation of OpenVZ, which they use. As they have it set up, client VMs have noaccess to kernel msgs (or dmesg)."

https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=10348

Journeyman Geek

ahh

I'm almost tempted to say "switch vps hosts" ;p

Jordan Richards

^^ I have no problem doing that if that is optimal.

Journeyman Geek

Well, the last hosts I used were buyvm

Jordan Richards

12:34 PM

I think I'll issue a support ticket first to ensure there's no hardware issues on their end. (Hopefully they don't charge me for that)

Journeyman Geek

they're pretty reliable, service was decent.

Jordan Richards

buyvm, never heard of them. I'll take a look.

Wow! These prices seem great.

$12.95 per month for 4 cores and 1024mb ram!

Journeyman Geek

(only reason I switched was I decided to get a dedi)

Jordan Richards

Ah, only downside is their limit in server locations.

I preferably would like it to be hosted in the UK.

Journeyman Geek

ahh

Jordan Richards

12:38 PM

That's frustrating, I got so excited for a moment.

Journeyman Geek

sorry :/

You didn't say you wanted a UK based one

Jordan Richards

It's fine. I still may consider them in the future anyway.

I would only care if I decided to put up some game servers on there too.

Journeyman Geek

hmm

I also had an account with we love servers

Jordan Richards

weloveservers?

Journeyman Geek

weloveservers.net

can't remember why I cancelled that account.

They were ok

Jordan Richards

12:40 PM

Whaaaaaat 2536 MB DDR3 RAM for $15?! /mo

I get 512 for that price.

(Self managed)

Journeyman Geek

(might want to check their LEB reviews)

Jordan Richards

They host in London!

So you've used weloveservers in the past and found them good?

Journeyman Geek

yup. I think I stopped that one cause I got a really sweet deal on another host who's defunct now

Jordan Richards

Oh, that's good news. Was worried that something went wrong.

To think that I could have got 4x amount of memory Etc for the same price. (For the past year)

Wow.

Thank you so much @JourneymanGeek do you have a referral link or something I could use, so that you could get some $$ for the fantastic recommendation?

Journeyman Geek

naw

actually at one point I had a discount code I'd have shared, but I believe its expired

Jordan Richards

12:47 PM

@JourneymanGeek No worries. For their prices they deserve the amount anyway.

It seems too good to be true.

I see on Sep 4 they had an outage which was to do with their datacenter and was out of their hands. But a part from that, I cannot find anything bad about them.

Journeyman Geek

Thats a risk you take anyway with outsourced hosting ;p

Hennes

One of these days I am going to need a place to put or hire a server.
Preferably put in my own HW though, and I'll need 2 or more IPs (normal IP and DRAC)

But hopefully not to soon.

Place I use right now is in problems.... but that has been the case for 5+ years

Hennes

1:00 PM

@allquixotic Now I wonder what kind of old system the OpenGL games has. :)

Bob

@JordanRichards keep in mind that most VPS providers don't like game servers (or anything else with high cpu utilisation)

speaking of WLS I still have a server with them

Hennes

EasyJet is looking for hungry, talented Telephone Customer Service Representatives to join their new team in..."

Hungry ?

Jordan Richards

Good point. But the game server I am talking about is super low

Do you find WLS good?

That Brazilian Guy

1:17 PM

@Hennes Well, they want to pay in potato currency

Jordan Richards

1:53 PM

Just spoke to a sales rep at WLS. They are so helpful, answered my questions. Definitely going to purchase with them.

Bob

2:15 PM

@JordanRichards I guess they're decent. Haven't really done anything with them in a while.

Server's been sitting there :P

Jordan Richards

@Bob Oh. Haha

A lot of people I've spoken with have said things like "Yeah, it's just sitting there not being used at the moment."

Why do you pay monthly for it if you're not using it? :o

Bob

@JordanRichards yearly*

but, yea mostly because I don't really remember what I had on it

Journeyman Geek

@JordanRichards: heh, I tend to pay annually, cause its slightly cheaper.

Jordan Richards

@JourneymanGeek Ah. I understand. I normally start off with monthly when I'm new to a host.

I'm 17 and don't exactly have a solid income at the moment. Hopefully when I launch my app I will.

Journeyman Geek

nodnods

I get what you mean.

Jordan Richards

2:24 PM

Hard thing to tackle was getting into linux and self-managing.

Originally I was renting out a very expensive VPS, because it wasn't self-managed. Had a cPanel and all. Save so much money by self-managing.

Journeyman Geek

lol

I started learning that first on spare hardware.

Jordan Richards

Nice

It's amazing that all you great people come here on SO to help out.

allquixotic

!! s/SO/SU/

ChatBot John Cavil

@allquixotic It's amazing that all you great people come here on SU to help out. (source)

Journeyman Geek

;p

allquixotic

2:28 PM

don't rope us in with Stack Overflow! I only have a token amount of participation there, but 23k rep on SU.

Journeyman Geek

lol

ditto.

I think all my rep there is from a single really silly answer.

(I have MANY silly answers here :))

Jordan Richards

Oh, sorry!

^^

Bob

@JourneymanGeek I've been slowly gathering SO rep from a single answer :P

It gets a couple votes a month with random bursts (sometimes 5+ a week). Has been for years now.

Journeyman Geek

9

A: Deobfuscating C++ source code

In this specific case, you could just try this link to the latest devel files - I just worked out it was the version being wrong - the link says 4.5 and the current version is 4.5.1.

allquixotic

@Bob just another 10000 of those and you'll be up to Skeet level :P

2009 Skeet, but who's judging :P

Bob

2:35 PM

@JordanRichards if you get in on a LEB code, it can often be cheaper for a single year than two months

mine was originally $19/yr

I wonder...

@JordanRichards These still work: lowendbox.com/blog/…

Jordan Richards

@Bob Wow thank you! I shall check these out!

@bob lol, you can go through core.weloveservers.net/cart.php?a=add&pid=66 and just change the pid constantly to go through a ton of different options

Hennes

Silly and or simplistic answers seem the way to get rep.
Proper research and a complete answer.. Meh, at most +2

Bob

@Hennes My most-upvoted list says otherwise :P

Hennes

103

A: If FAT32 has a 4 GB file size limit how was I able to copy my 13 GB iPhoto Library file onto this drive?

There is a 4GB per file limit. Example: Copying two files, each of which is 3GB in size (6GB total) would work fine. Copying a single 6GB file would fail. In your case OS/X is showing iPhoto Library as a single file, but reality it is a folder with many files inside. (All smaller than 4GB).

166

A: If RAM is cheap, why don't we load everything to RAM and run it from there?

There are a few reasons RAM is not used that way: Common desktop (DDR3) RAM is cheap, but not quite that cheap. Especially if you want to buy relatively large DIMMs. RAM loses its contents when powered off. Thus you would need to reload the content at boot time. Say you use a SSD sized RAMDISK ...

Both answers which are 'meh'

Bob

2:51 PM

@Hennes The second one isn't that simple or short.

Journeyman Geek

lol

119

A: Why do some RJ45 plugs have the lock release clip under a rubber cover?

From experience, those retention clips break off a lot on the first sort of cables - those are fine for cables that are well protected and/or going to be plugged in and forgotten, but the moment those clips bend the wrong way, they break, and you end up with a cable that dosen't clip in place. Th...

DragonLord

1

Q: Epson WorkForce WF-3640 mechanical issue during initial setup; errors 0xF1, 0xEA, 0xE8, or 0xE1, or "paper jam" with no paper in paper path

I'm trying to set up a brand-new Epson WorkForce WF-3640 printer and it seems there are some weird mechanical issues. It would seem the carriage is not moving freely. This is before I get to install the ink cartridges. The printer may make a loud grinding noise and return errors 0xF1, 0xEA, 0xE8...

printer epson-workforce

Journeyman Geek

this one got upvotes for 'rabbit attacks'

Hennes

I still feel it should have had more research. More actual examples, ide's on how much got actually sold, etc etc

DragonLord

Mainly 0xE8 after a grinding noise (the carriage gets jammed). Any ideas?

Hennes

2:53 PM

@JourneymanGeek Obviously so you can use them to reset a cisco switch. :)

Bob

top-voted answer list: superuser.com/search?tab=votes&q=is%3aanswer

Hennes

Some context:

DragonLord

Any ideas? Anyone?

allquixotic

@Bob funny how a very recent and relatively silly question has the most upvoted answer

Bob

@allquixotic larger userbase, long time spent on hot questions list, curious title

it's usually the question (especially title) that causes the visits (and therefore votes)

not the answer

the answer isn't as visible

@allquixotic I just bought an Xperia E1 ($29 + postage)... let's see if it has gunshot noises?

should have a 4.4 update available, and it has BT 4.0

and I'm slowly building up my collection of random cheap phones :P

next step: find something to do with them

bertieb

3:00 PM

@Bob Beowulf cluster

(man, I miss /. sometimes)

For an actual suggestion- sensors of some description?

Bob

@bertieb Then I'd have to find something to run on it! :P

bertieb

@Bob Android emulator[s] :P

Bob

@bertieb On Android phones?

bertieb

Yup

Bob

Then I'd need to find something to run on the emulator!

bertieb

3:02 PM

Turtles, all the way down

Beowulf cluster simul- I'll stop before this gets ~~silly~~ recursive

Bob

heh

reminds me of my nested VM experiment

allquixotic

@Bob why'd you do that? :P

Gergely

any systemd expert here?

allquixotic

@Gergely Lennart doesn't hang out here, so no -- but don't ask meta questions like that; just ask your question, and if we know the answer or can find it, we'll help how we can

Bob and I both administer server(s) running systemd

Gergely

oh I do not need Level 3 support :-)

allquixotic

3:07 PM

we're pretty resourceful people; even if we don't know the answer off the top of our heads, we'll probably be able to figure it out

Gergely

I enabled my interface-get-ipv4-address service. I have set eXecution right for the script. Still it failed to start.

what else do I need to start it?

Jordan Richards

@bob WOW! Just found an amazing deal by shifting through a ton of PIDs on WLS! 160 GB Disk Space Storage
1500 GB Bandwidth (1Gbps)
4096 MB DDR3 RAM
1 IPv4 Address
SolusVM Access
Full Root Access
Choice of Linux OS's
Self Managed

$13/mo!

allquixotic

start by stating which distro and version you're running

don't assume that all systemd deployments are the same

Gergely

an old Fedora 20 for education purposes, running in virtualbox on a Windows 7 machine

allquixotic

@JordanRichards that's not terrible, but what's the CPU?

Jordan Richards

3:10 PM

@allquixotic I'm not sure. It does not say. :/

core.weloveservers.net/cart.php?a=add&pid=60

allquixotic

@Gergely my system doesn't have an interface-get-ipv4-address.service unit file anywhere on the filesystem, though I'm running Debian 8.2

how about systemctl --version?

Gergely

@allquixotic that is my custom startup script

Jordan Richards

@allquixotic Where do you think I'd find the cpu?

allquixotic

@Gergely so you wrote this unit file, and it fails, and you didn't provide us any information whatsoever about what the unit file does, and you expect us to magically divine how to fix it?

Gergely

systemd 208

Bob

3:13 PM

Oct 7 '14 at 6:02, by Bob

Apr 23 '13 at 13:25, by Bob

@allquixotic Curiosity? :P

Nested virt :D

Gergely

+pam +libwrap +audit +selinux +ima + sysvinit + libcryptsetup +gcrypt +acl +xz

Bob

In a nested comment too.

Gergely

@bob once I was told that nested virtualisation is not possible - what software are you using?

allquixotic

@Gergely start by providing the contents of the unit file, and all relevant log files that get logged when you run systemctl start interface-get-ipv4-address.service

Bob

@Gergely That particular example was VMware. But I've also run Hyper-V inside VMware before.

Gergely

3:15 PM

@bob thanks

Bob

VMware can has a useful little option:

Oct 7 '14 at 6:00, by Bob

Without that, you'd be limited to binary translation.

Gergely

@allquixotic how can I get the log files for systemctl start ?

Bob

@Gergely systemctl status foo

       This function is intended to generate human-readable output. If you
       are looking for computer-parsable output, use show instead. By
       default this function only shows 10 lines of output and ellipsizes
       lines to fit in the terminal window. This can be changes with
       --lines and --full, see above. In addition, journalctl --unit=NAME
       or journalctl --user-unit=NAME use a similar filter for messages
       and might be more convenient.

Jordan Richards

80 GB Disk Space Storage
2 TB Bandwidth (100Mbps)
3GB Guaranteed RAM + 4 GB vSwap

$7/mo!!!!

Gergely

@JordanRichards where?

Jordan Richards

3:20 PM

@Gergely Was changing the product ids of the WLS website and stumbled upon a black friday deal product which still remains. core.weloveservers.net/cart.php?a=add&pid=88

Bob

@JordanRichards Unless you actually need that much, I'd honestly recommend just the $19/yr option to start with :P

allquixotic

@Gergely google systemd failed units --> second hit --> linux-audit.com/… -- in fact I think systemd actually tells you how to view the logs when a service fails to start; or maybe that's only on newer systemd versions...

Gergely

@allquixotic I have checked the log and now trying to fix the permissions

Bob

@JordanRichards Don't forget to check the AUP

allquixotic

also, those offers conspicuously don't tell you how much CPU you get... could be a single core of an L5520 or something like that...

if your workload is static web hosting, it's fine...

but then $7/mo isn't a great price for 80 GB of storage for static web hosting anyway

if you're trying to run minecraft on that, you're just going to end up disappointed

Bob

3:22 PM

> We utilize Intel Xeon E31240 processors with hardware RAID10

Jordan Richards

@Bob How many cores do you reckon you get?

allquixotic

@Bob Sandy E3... meh... still leaves open the question of whether his VM gets dedicated resources or just "laissez faire", and if dedicated, how much

Jordan Richards

@Bob Checked with their terms. The gameserver I'm running is very low and the rep said I'd be allowed to run it. The game was made 14 years ago.

Bob

@allquixotic bit inconsistent though

Jordan Richards

I'd mainly be using the server for running node.js servers.

Bob

3:24 PM

> They utilize dual Intel Xeon E5-2620processors with 128GB of RAM and hard drives in hardware RAID10. lowendbox.com/blog/…

Also assuming the dedicated RAM is actually correct then it's something like 32+ VPSes per node

allquixotic

@Bob honestly, I don't care if they run quad Haswell Xeons at the top clock rating; if they're cramming a ton of customers onto that box, your experience is not going to be positive if they oversell

Bob

32 VPSes on 24 hardware threads/12 cores

allquixotic

hmm

Jordan Richards

I honestly think they forget to remove these deals.

allquixotic

and what percentage of those VPSes are going to gobble as much CPU as they can get :P

Bob

3:26 PM

With the assumption that many of those will be somewhat idle (e.g. me), that could work

@allquixotic I suspect that's dealt with via AUP & dropping clients

Jordan Richards

They disallow most gameservers.

allquixotic

it'd only take 12 CPU-hogging VMs to bring the box to its knees... hyperthreading doesn't quite give you 2x the perf of twice as many cores

Bob

Hm, no CPU restrictions in the AUP

@allquixotic Assuming they can enforce fair sharing of CPU time, only the ones using a lot would notice anything.

Gergely

@allquixotic I was trying to run dhclient to get an IPv4 address for an interface,

but it was already running

how can I get an IPv4 address then, from a script?

allquixotic

@Gergely why would you need to do anything like that when systemd should handle that for you automatically?

why are you trying to "script" your way out of a problem that's already solved?

if the built-in stuff isn't working, better to fix it than try to hack around it

start by upgrading to the latest Fedora release, since F20 is no longer supported and anything broken on it, you get to keep both pieces

Gergely

3:29 PM

@allquixotic tell me the solution, I am noob on systemd

allquixotic

@Gergely I don't understand a thing about your network topology or how you have this thing configured, so I can't just "give you a solution" -- I don't even really understand the problem you're having in the first place.

what is the underlying problem that caused you to start writing unit files in systemd?

Gergely

@allquixotic as I said this is just a sandbox running in virtualbox, no plans to run this as a production machine

Bob

Oct 7 '14 at 14:05, by Bob

@Gergely why are you doing anything with IP addresses?

What are you trying to do?

Why do you need an IP address?

Gergely

@allquixotic the underlying problem: an interface has only ipv6 address which is incovenient. So I wanted to show the students how can we build a startup script that solves this problem, on every startup

Bob

... ... uh. pretty sure network-manager or whatever you use should take care of that

allquixotic

3:32 PM

@Gergely how do you have the VM configured on the virtualbox side? NAT? bridged? host-only?

Bob

and the correct solution would be to fix network-manager so it does (or ifup or whatever else you use)

allquixotic

@Bob out of the box, F20 default spin would start NM from systemd on boot

Jordan Richards

@Bob So it is actually a good deal then?

Bob

@JordanRichards well, I haven't even tried running anything CPU-intensive on a VPS

moved to a dedi when I needed to

allquixotic

F20 is actually the release after Rhel7 shipped

Bob

3:33 PM

so I don't know how they actually handle it in practice

Jordan Richards

@Bob Dedi's get quite costly. I probably don't need too much cpu for now anyway.

allquixotic

usually if the VPS provider is letting you run amok with the resources you've got, letting you gobble down CPU, RAM and bandwidth like there's no tomorrow, it's going to be fairly expensive - in fact, probably moreso than a dedi with similar specs

example: linode, AWS

Gergely

@allquixotic that interface is configured as host-only

Jordan Richards

@allquixotic They won't let you run gameservers like MC Etc. You have to get approval first.

They also won't allow you to host an IRC server.

Hennes

What is up with that? I would have assumed that IRC would be very low bandwidth

allquixotic

3:37 PM

@Gergely sounds like VirtualBox's built-in DHCP server for host-only networking isn't starting or isn't working properly, which is a problem completely independent from the guest

Jordan Richards

@Hennes No idea. They do allow IRC bouncers like ZNC though.

Bob

@Hennes IRC tends to be a target for attacks, and is often used to share less-than-legal info

Hennes

Ah

allquixotic

!! s/IRC/https/

ChatBot John Cavil

@allquixotic @Hennes https tends to be a target for attacks, and is often used to share less-than-legal info (source)

Gergely

3:38 PM

@allquixotic my manual workaroung was to run sudo dhclient p7p1 and it got an ipv4 address then

allquixotic

no less true with that replacement, so why not block 443?

Hennes

I just use IRC for the local ISP network, a game (ikariam, about 2 lines of text per month) and maybe the patchett channel

allquixotic

fuck's sake, protocol prejudice (or worse, port prejudice) is just retarded

2

Gergely

@allquixotic, thanks for all the help, I need to leave now, I will look at NetworkManager, how to do that.

Jordan Richards

That's a good point. I think it's rather silly to block specific services due to them being a target.

allquixotic

3:40 PM

@Bob blocking a specific port or protocol because of the history of the way it's been used is like trying to treat mental disorders with 2nd century alchemy and hypnotism. it's all smoke and mirrors.

3

Bob

@allquixotic I don't think they actually technically block anything.

allquixotic

any open port (and even outbound connections!) can be a target for attack and can often be used to share less-than-legal info. and if they wrap TLS around it, 99.9999% of providers will never have a clue what's going on and will blindly allow it.

Bob

It's all just policy.

allquixotic

@Bob it's still a stupid policy.

DragonLord

Okay, the printer is getting replaced under warranty.

Bob

3:41 PM

And they probably don't care until something happens, then they kick the client out for violating policy.

allquixotic

@Bob why do they need a policy specifically against IRC, though? illegal activity on any port or protocol is grounds for termination due to the policy text barring illegal activity.

and you can have a bad day with the ISP if you're being DDoSed even if it's on port 80 or 443.

Bob

@allquixotic Maybe it's happened in the past and they want to be explicit about it? Maybe it's just cargo cult policy writing?

Jordan Richards

Why don't they just have. "No illegal activities" and leave it at that?

Bob

I don't know; I didn't write it. Ask them.

Jordan Richards

Was asking indirectly, you know.

allquixotic

3:43 PM

@Bob The latter is what I believe. I've seen it in a lot of AUPs, and it's just "oh, everyone else does it, so we should do it too" type behavior.

Bob

There's the common idea (true or not, I don't know) that (popular) IRC servers tend to be targeted more than most other services.

Jordan Richards

Ah right. I suppose from their perspective then, they're just trying to save themselves a bit of hassle by saying IRC servers aren't allowed altogether.

Sort of like "Let's not allow kids into this area, there will probably be too much work to handle"

allquixotic

I'd think they'd be more likely to disallow Bittorrent than IRC, but that's just me

Jordan Richards

@allquixotic They disallow that too.

Hennes

But then how do I download my ISOs?

allquixotic

3:45 PM

heh

Jordan Richards

I don't torrent, I get too paranoid.

Hennes

I did run torrents when a new OS came out. Treid to always distrubute the laters FreeBSD's

Jordan Richards

So easy for someone to honypot that. Right?

Hennes

With the torrents started on their official webpage

allquixotic

BT can actually be pretty harmful to mid-line routers or firewalls if they do connection state tracking, since BT establishes way more TCP connections than most other programs

flood the connection tracking table and you're looking at either crashing or slowness

Bob

3:48 PM

@allquixotic Yea, I've had BT kill an old NAT router before.

Then again, game server browsers would kill it too.

They do a similar thing with a flood of requests/responses.

huh. 625 USD for a Note 5

Hennes

Image not found? Huh?

2

DragonLord

@Hennes Awww, cute little puppy :-)

0

A: Epson WorkForce WF-3640 mechanical issue during initial setup; errors 0xF1, 0xEA, 0xE8, or 0xE1, or "paper jam" with no paper in paper path

Epson technical support stated that this is a hardware failure. Standard troubleshooting steps have not produced a solution. 😞 The printer is being replaced under warranty.

Hennes

4:09 PM

Percussive maintenance failed?

Psycogeek

@DragonLord you have existed virtually at candlepowerforums? know about the cree led items?

DragonLord

4:26 PM

@Psycogeek What would you like to know?

@Hennes Per tech support instructions, I've moved the carriage back and forth and have tried to get it to work. Sadly, it didn't work and the printer is being replaced under warranty.

No obstructions of any sort in the unit.

Amazon reviews will reveal that this is a common problem with the WF-3640.

Hennes

So DOA. :(

Psycogeek

@DragonLord My knowlege of cree leds dropped out somewhere arround knowing the diff between a r2 & r5 :-) of someXsomething named thing :-) XP-G i assume. What is special about T6 what is XM-L and what has such a tiny emitter? Why, i am assembling cheap junk for X-mas, for barely related people that dont know much about led. I am getting obvious clones, that being the whole point , cheap. I need to know the latest cree wizz bang lettering designation, and the deal with emitter size?

DragonLord

XM-L is a high-performance LED designed for very high output. It has since been replaced with XM-L2.

T6 is the bin designation. Like processors, LEDs are semiconductor deviecs and the manufacturing process is subject to sample variation.

Higher bins mean more output for the same amount of power.

For XM-L2, the common bins in ascending order are T5, T6, U2, U3, ...

Psycogeek

ahh that is what the deal with U , that helps

was anything existing between this XP-G and XM-L?

here is one what is a XPE ?

And i just need loose terms not math and science, just what does it mean to emitter size, and if there are Vast improvments.

@DragonLord and L2 (XM-L2) is that the one with the "dome" no longer used?

weird, assuming anything about these test models are real (bought cheap) the only one claming to be a XM-L2 does not show emitter tracts , it Projects on the wall (with magnifying glass) as a solid block emitter, instead of showing lines between.

Bob

4:55 PM

@Psycogeek flashlightwiki.com/Cree

> the XM-L2 is silver on top, has two bonding wires, and the die has dots instead of lines

@DragonLord Apart from the bins you also want to care about the tint.

Personally, I prefer a middle-warmer white.

And middle-ish whites can appear brighter even with a lower bin.

Most cheaper lights tend to be a very cool white. And higher bins tend to be cooler whites.

Psycogeek

@Bob well that splains that one, it probably is an actual l2 , it also shows the dome being still on the l2.

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