The J/ψ (J/Psi) meson or psion is a subatomic particle, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm antiquark. Mesons formed by a bound state of a charm quark and a charm anti-quark are generally known as "charmonium". The J/ψ is most common form of charmonium, due to its low rest mass. The J/ψ has a rest mass of 7000309690000000000♠3.0969 GeV/c2, just above that of the η c (7000298360000000000♠2.9836 GeV/c2), and a mean lifetime of 6979720000000000000♠7.2×10−21 s. This lifetime was about a thousand times longer than expected. Its discovery was made independently by two research...

In particle physics, B mesons are mesons composed of a bottom antiquark and either an up (B+), down (B0), strange (B0 s) or charm quark (B+ c). The combination of a bottom antiquark and a top quark is not thought to be possible because of the top quark's short lifetime. The combination of a bottom antiquark and a bottom quark is not a B meson, but rather bottomonium. Each B meson has an antiparticle that is composed of a bottom quark and an up (B−), down (B0), strange (B0 s) or charm antiquark (B− c) respectively. == List of B mesons == == B–B oscillations == The neutral B mesons, B0 and B0 s...

In particle physics, CP violation (CP standing for charge parity) is a violation of the postulated CP-symmetry (or charge conjugation parity symmetry): the combination of C-symmetry (charge conjugation symmetry) and P-symmetry (parity symmetry). CP-symmetry states that the laws of physics should be the same if a particle is interchanged with its antiparticle (C symmetry), and when its spatial coordinates are inverted ("mirror" or P symmetry). The discovery of CP violation in 1964 in the decays of neutral kaons resulted in the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980 for its discoverers James Cronin and Val...

In computer science, dancing links is the technique suggested by Donald Knuth to efficiently implement his Algorithm X. Algorithm X is a recursive, nondeterministic, depth-first, backtracking algorithm that finds all solutions to the exact cover problem. Some of the better-known exact cover problems include tiling, the n queens problem, and Sudoku. The name dancing links stems from the way the algorithm works, as iterations of the algorithm cause the links to "dance" with partner links so as to resemble an "exquisitely choreographed dance." Knuth credits Hiroshi Hitotsumatsu and Kōhei Noshita with...