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5:00 AM
@WillHunting Yep, I know.
But I'm VERY curious about this.
 
user19161
@GustavoBandeira Are you comfortable with algebraic manipulations now anyway?
 
@WillHunting I'm better at it, but not so good.
I also dunno how to quantify it.
Do you have some small test in mind?
 
user19161
@GustavoBandeira OK. A lot of it can be understood geometrically. For example ab can be seen as the area of a rectangle with sides a and b so you know ab=ba.
 
Is it okay to write $\mathbb{N}$ when I actually mean $\mathbb{N} \bigcup {0}$ ?
 
user19161
I am not saying that is the proof, but it helps you have a better feel of the operations @gus.
 
user19161
5:03 AM
@JayeshBadwaik Naturals can include or exclude zero. Different definitions, that is all. Same for notation.
 
@WillHunting Good to know. I will use that ambiguity to my advantage. Else, it is too much work to write the second notation every time.
 
user19161
Bourbaki includes zero, and many people follow Bourbaki, especially set theorists.
 
Whether you want $0$ in your naturals depends a bit on who your audience is. My set-theorist of a topology teacher denotes $\Bbb N$ without a $0$ and $\omega=\Bbb N\cup\{0\}$ (with the usual ordinal definition of the numbers). Pete L Clark once made a joke about someone not putting $0$ in $\Bbb N$, on the other hand.
 
@WillHunting This may be a dumb question but, supose I tell you that the area of a rectangle is 15, is it possible to know a and b?
I'm not sure if there's some rule.
 
Even if they are positive integers there are four possibilities.
 
user19161
5:05 AM
@GustavoBandeira If a and b are reals, there are infinite possibilities.
 
@WillHunting Yep, I imagined so.
 
user19161
@GustavoBandeira In fact, a can be any positive real and b would be 15/a.
 
@WillHunting Do you read Bourbaki?
 
user19161
@GustavoBandeira I browsed through parts of Topology. In general, Bourbaki is too general and so hard to read and apply.
 
user19161
Also, they don't cover many core areas. For example, there is no complex analysis.
 
5:09 AM
I've read a book that told that Bourbaki is hard and that it's on a level of abstractness that is almost inhuman.
 
user19161
@GustavoBandeira Yes. I feel that it only has a historical importance these days, that's just me.
 
user19161
Just look at its Functions of a single real variable.
 
user19161
It is not like any book you would expect with that title.
 
What's the difference?
 
user19161
@GustavoBandeira Too general. Again, no need to worry about these now!
 
5:11 AM
Yep
I'm just in the "pop math" chatting mode.
I like you Will, you're sweet.
You're in my list of people I want to meet someday IRL
 
user19161
@GustavoBandeira If only girls thought so...
 
What they think about you?
Ahhh...
I guess I made a bad question.
=(
Shit, I'm feeling guilty now.
 
@GustavoBandeira Do not worry. Will has a habit of disappearing suddenly. :P
 
I hope so.
Jay, do you know the game Homeworld?
 
5:24 AM
I just remebered of a nice song that was in this game credits.
 
I used to play only Football, Counterstrike and one or two FPS, Simcity and Racing.
 
I always liked space games.
Not all them, of course. I loved the homeworld series and sins of a solar empire.
 
I almost stopped playing solo games in college.
Nice song.
 
Playing solo games became so lame lately.
I remember of playing The dig - it was a point and click adventure game.
I loved it.
 
Simcity is the one I continue devotedly though, now in a virtual machine.
 
5:30 AM
I played some months ago, I had to emulate it in dosbox.
 
Although I cannot always play it, but return to play it every month.
I play SimCity 3000 Unlimited.
 
Have you played simcity 4000?
Wait..
I guess sim city 4000 does not exist.
 
I like it because it helps me take out frustration with the horrid city planning in this country in general.
 
It's sim city 4: societies.
 
I deal with stuff and then say to myself, this is how you should do it, morons!
 
5:32 AM
xD
look:
A friend of mine had a cyber discussion - via facebook.
I've read it all and made this to troll.
The guy in question really switched his facebook pic to the pic of a gun. xD
 
Okay. Your videos don't require flash to play. Nice!
@GustavoBandeira That is your voice? It is nice. Music I like too.
 
Yep, it's ma voice
This music is a pseudo clubbing music.
I loved in the time I made it, I made the brass with Image-Line's Sytrus - from a default patch.
btw, talking about sim city - I love a "similar" game: Civilizations. =)
Jay, music market is a weird environement.
 
@GustavoBandeira Yup, heard of it. Never tried it though.
 
Whenever I make a song trying to expand my musical frontiers, no one hears it. xD
BUT when I make something trolling someone EVERYBODY LOVES IT!
I was talking to a friend who's learning english.
He said: "I'll use it as my english toy" - I trolled: "You'll use me as an english sex toy" - some days later, I made a song with this by recording google translator girl's voice, complete non-sense. And I've seen my stats now, IT HAS ~450 VIEWS! WTF?!
 
haha.
 
5:44 AM
Now I made this with quartal chords, I made a nice mechanism which transformed the sound of the synth, allowing me to do legatos - 10 views.
I don't need to mention LMFAO's "I'm sexy and I know it" with 2kkkkkkkkkkk views.
Things like these usually make me thinK: WTF MANKIND?!
 
You should calm down a little bit about it :-). I used to think that around four years ago, but I have come to believe now, mankind is alright.
See thing is, it is good people like apparently bad stuff too. (I deliberately say apparently) I will give you an example.
Certain Indian music was very well structured and everything and it was considered magical and all that stuff. However, people would then look at apparently simple music as not worthy. This lead to lack of experimentation and there was a period where the only music that was played was atleast 100 years old. So, kind of uninspiring. However, sine then, there have been various changes and all. All kinds of stuff add different dimensions to the music.
English music might not have the elaborate structure of ragas, but then due to the simpler nature of basic building blocks, there is more freedom to be had, which is I believe what has lead to inventions like electrical guitar and stuff.
 
Yep, but the only dimension that will make my music be heard by a lot of people is the dimension of trolling.
(Dimension of trolling - I like this definition)
 
You can take that as a challenge, find out what is it about troll music that makes it tick and then keep that aspect while changing the rest to make it a more good technical music?
Fusion!
 
Dragon Ball Z
 
see this
 
5:55 AM
You've reminded me of something.
 
I just think I can't hear them now - But i'll favourite the links.
Do you have some comment on them?
 
The second is a mix of colplay rock with jayz.
The first is a mix of adele's rolling in the deep and an indian classical song.
 
I'm searching the thing I told you.
My internet is not cooperating...
It's something I saw on a Rubato Music Composer Book: A topological cube of musical ontology.
 
6:13 AM
Hmm.
 
I'll show ya when I get back to Recife.
 
Okay.
See this also, if you can.
 
OMG.... This joke exists with topology too....
 
While searching for it, I've found something that seems interesting.
Galois died in a duel, he had a case with a married girl, her husband discovered it and called Galois to a duel - he went in, her husband was a counterstrike professional player, GG.
 
6:22 AM
Headshot.
 
It seems that this girl had a reputation for cheating.... I guess that in the end of his life, this guy went to 78/1 K/D score.
GODLIKE!
 
Poor Galois.
He was told by his friend: "Don't go with the knife, dude..."
I got so sad when I discovered he died in such a terrible way.
It seems he was an incredible genious.
 
@GustavoBandeira terrible yes. He was only 21 and had already done groundbreaking work!
 
I'm 22 and until now, I've been completely useless. XD
But I believe I can achieve great things in the future.
 
6:32 AM
@GustavoBandeira 22? I thought you said you were 19 somewhere before.
I am 22 myself.
 
I'm just VERY impatient, I feel ashamed when I read histories like Galois, Einstein, Von Neumann.
When they were my age, they did such amazing things.
 
Relax :-) Just enjoy your work.
 
I entered this crisis ~2 years ago, I'm almost healing it.
Before this, I had other ideas, other magnitudes I wanted to achieve.
Then I changed the magnitudes almost instantly.
BANG!
 
The biggest problem with expectations are the anxiety they bring stalling your work.
 
There's a problem on it that I still don't know how to solve: Maybe If I have less anxiety, I'm going to work less.
I don't know if anxiety works as an engine.
 
6:42 AM
@GustavoBandeira small steps at a time. Just focus on the current theorem. current section. forget its importance in the bigger picture. Just enjoy it for what it is.
 
Yep. This is a good thing I've learned to do.
When I discovered that I could solve a non-monic quadratic equation by transforming it in a monic equation; only dividing the equation by a, I was amazed.
They taught me a formula to solve it, but they never told me where it came from.
I discovered it when I solved this way.
 
 
1 hour later…
8:17 AM
From Advanced Linear Algebra (Roman): Show that an $R$-module $M$ satisfies the ACC for submodules if and only if the following condition holds. Every nonempty collection $\mathcal{S}$ of submodules of $M$ has a maximal element. That is, for every nonempty collection $\mathcal{S}$ of submodules of $M$ there is an $S\in\mathcal{S}$ with the property that $T\in\mathcal{S} \Rightarrow T \subseteq S $.
One direction seems obvious, but I don't think the other direction is even correct...
(ACC = ascending chain condition)
 
9:04 AM
Good morning people
Could someone give me something EASY to study Integrals? :o
 
@unNaturhal depends on the level at which you are studying integrals ... real? complex? Riemann? Lebesgue? Stochastic? ...
 
@JohnSenior Real, Riemann integral, Indefinitive integral, Definitive integral.. University level however :P
(but easy to understand if it's possible...)
 
@unNaturhal do you have a textbook you are working from?
 
@JohnSenior Yeah, but it's not so easy and clear :/
 
Can you give an example of an integral you are having problems with?
 
9:11 AM
@JohnSenior I'm studing the theory, not doing exercises..
 
which textbook?
 
@JohnSenior It's in italian.. "Analisi Matematica I - Marcellini P., Sbordone C." :/
 
Have you tried Googling for online analysis stuff at the same sort of level?
 
Yeah, but I haven't found something helpful in italian..
(I'm using Wikipedia.. but has the same things of my book :P)
 
can you give a link to something on Wikipedia that you are having problems with - it is not clear so far what exactly is causing you problems?
 
9:19 AM
@JohnSenior: Did you happen to see my message?
 
@wj32 I think I might have missed it - where was it?
 
@JohnSenior I'm having problems with the concept of integral.. I have understood that it is a way to calculate the area under a curve, but some definitions are giving me problems.. for example, the definition of Definitive Integral
 
@JohnSenior: Just before unNaturhal said good morning
 
@wj32 Ah yes -I saw that, but I am not very expert at modules and ACC, I'm afraid
 
@JohnSenior: Damn. Thanks anyway
 
9:22 AM
"If there is an only one point of separation 'c' between A and B, so we can say that $f(x)$ is integrable in $\left[a, b\right]$ by Riemann and 'c' is called: $$\int_a^b{f(x)}\,dx$$"
 
What do you mean by point of separation?
 
and what are $A$ and $B$?
 
@wj32 I translated it literally.. it says "vi è un unico elemento di separazione" that I translated with "there is an only one point (or element, if you prefer) of separation"
 
i'm going to guess that c is a point where f is discontinuous
 
@JohnSenior By what I understood, $A = s(P)$ and $B = S(P)$..
 
9:25 AM
ok never mind
 
@wj32 It's one of the things that I haven't understood..
 
OK - but what are $s(P)$ and $S(P)$? - are they upper and lower Riemann sums?
presumably $P$ is a partition of the interval $[a,b]$?
 
@JohnSenior Exactly.. $s(P)$ is Lower integral sum and $S(P)$ is upper integral sum.. but I dunno what is an integral sum..
 
surely your book gives a definition of what they are?
 
@JohnSenior Exactly again.. And for what I understood, a partition is an ordered subset of [a, b]
 
9:27 AM
basically, they are sums of areas of rectangles below or above the graph of the function
 
@JohnSenior It gives a formula with a summation for both integral sums.. but graphically there isn't an explaination..
@JohnSenior And a sum, could be the extreme of an interval?..
 
OK - have a look at the animated diagrams on this page - it gives an idea of what happens as the partition is made finer
 
if i partition [0,10] into [0,1]U[1,2]U...U[9,10]
then the lower sums are taking the $\inf$ of f over each of [0,1],...[9,10]
the upper sums are taking the $\sup$
 
@JohnSenior Mmmh.. yeah, it's clear to understand what an integral sum is :) but, how you can use it as extreme of an interval?
 
what is an "extreme" of an interval?
 
9:33 AM
@wj32 Inf as the lowest value and sup as the highest value?
 
yes
 
The idea is that for a suitably "nice" function, the lower sums get bigger, and the upper sums get smaller - if they "meet" somewhere, then we say that the function is Riemann Integrable
 
@wj32 Take for example the interval [a, b]: 'a' is the lower extreme, and 'b' is the upper extreme (excuse me, but I do not know some of the english mathematical terms)
 
OK, but what's the problem with the upper/lower sums and the "extremes"?
 
(they normally do not actually "meet", but get closer and closer to each other - for nice functions)
 
9:36 AM
@JohnSenior So.. there is a discontinuity point?
 
for most functions, there is no discontinuity
 
@wj32 As @JohnSenior is saying, the two sums increase (lower) and decrease (upper) right? Ok, how it's possible that an "extreme" is something of undefined? Something that changes getting bigger or smaller?
 
It might be worth looking at a very simple example - like a function $y=x^2$ on the interval $[1,2]$. and actually calculate some upper and lower sums by hand - it is a bit tedious, but if you did it once, it should make the process clear
 
@unNaturhal i'm still not sure what you mean - can you give an example of what you're talking about?
 
I have to go - later folks
 
9:40 AM
bye
 
@wj32 In the definition of Definitive integral it uses s(P) and S(P) and extreme of the interval..
@JohnSenior Bye bye, and thank you :)
 
sorry, i really don't know what you mean. are you asking about why defining $F(x)=\int_{a}^{x} f(t) \: dt$ makes sense?
so the "extreme" $x$ can change?
 
@wj32 Nope :)
 
i really don't understand the problem here
you need to type out the formula that you can't understand
so i can see it
 
It's not a formula.. it's a definition :/
 
9:49 AM
yes, the definition then
 
@unNaturhal Is your question that though we have a sum which is a lower bound and increases with finer partition and a sum which is the higher bound and decreases with finer paritition but still both may not converge to a single point? And that there is no explicit formula of an integral sum as such (in terms of limits), only that if the both the sum converges, then the integral exists and is equal to either of them ?
 
@JayeshBadwaik Close enough.. The textbook tells that there is an element in the interval [s(P), S(P)] called c, and that this element is equal to $\int_a^b{f(x)}\,dx$
 
ah, i see now
 
Okay, and?
 
@wj32 Could I ask you a stupid question? In english, do you have somethin called Definitive or Indefinitive integral? Or are just all Riemann integrals?
 
9:55 AM
of course we have definite and indefinite integrals
the riemann integral is one way of defining the "definite" integral
 
@JayeshBadwaik And you said that s(P) increase with finer partition and S(P) decrease with finer partition.. so the interval ceases to be an interval.. or not?
 
and the indefinite integral is completely unrelated
until you have the FTC
 
@wj32 Ah ok, perfect :)
(What is FTC?)
 
sorry
fundamental theorem of calculus
 
@wj32 Mmmh.. I have something called "Fundamental theorem of integral calculus"
 
9:57 AM
must be the same thing then
 
(also known as: Torricelli-Borrow theorem)
 
and to answer your other question - yes, [s(P),S(P)] does eventually become one point for "well-behaved" functions
for example, if $f$ is continuous, then [s(P),S(P)] certainly becomes one point
 
@wj32 And that point represents the value of the area calculated by integral?
 
yes
 
It makes sense.. but I can't figure how..
 
10:02 AM
you mean you don't understand how the upper and lower sums can come together?
draw a picture and see for yourself
or if you want, you can go ahead and prove that if $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ then it is Riemann integrable on $[a,b]$
 
first off
 
Can we say that s(P) is the sum of all the rectangulus UNDER the line and S(P) is the sum of all the "piece" above the line?
 
i think they are using a different definition
uh
let me find a better picture for you
the interval has been divided up into 5 pieces
in each smaller interval there are two rectangles
the upper rectangle and the lower rectangle
just to be clear - the lower rectangle overlaps the upper rectangle
 
Oooooh!! So they are not the same rectangle, but two different one!
 
10:13 AM
yes
there is another definition that only uses one rectangle
 
And which of them are s and which S?
 
s is the smaller rectangle
S is the bigger rectangle
to be accurate
 
Mmmh
 
the definition with the upper/lower sums is called the Darboux integral: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darboux_integral
 
So, since that S(P) get smaller, we can say that it tends to s(P), and since that s(P) get bigger, we can say that it tends to S(P).. the point where they "meet" (that is exactly the line in between), is the exact value of the integral and area under the line, right?
 
10:18 AM
yes, but the reason they get close to each other is that the partition becomes "finer"
you have more and more rectangles
 
Yeah yeah, I understood this when you poster the animated picture :)
 
ok
i guess the reason that you were confused is
there's two different definitions
one uses upper/lower sums, and the other uses just one sum
 
Or maybe was not so clear the graphic representation of s and S :)
 
@unNaturhal which book do you have?
 
@JayeshBadwaik It's in italian.. "Analisi Matematica I - Marcellini P., Sbordone C."
 
10:23 AM
Okay, I personally have never seen the name toricelli-barrow used in connection with FTC and hence asked.
 
me neither
 
http://www.batmath.it/eng/a_riemann/fundam.htm
"This theorem is known as the Torricelli-Barrow theorem."
 
@JayeshBadwaik Do you happen to know about modules?
 
@wj32 However, just for clarify: in your link to Darboux integral, there are the same (identical ._.) formulas that are on my book..
 
@wj32 No, just completing rings.
 
10:29 AM
Damn, I really would like someone to answer a question that I posted before...
 
this one?
8
Q: Universal property of free module, "converse"

wj32Let $F$ be a free $R$-module with a basis $B$. We know that $B$ satisfies the following property: For any $R$-module $M$ and any $g:B\rightarrow M$, there exists a unique $R$-map $\varphi:F\rightarrow M$ that extends $g$. Now suppose that $F$ is any $R$-module and $B$ is any subset of $F$. ...

 
no
 
Look out for Mariano or anon. They might be able to help you with it.
 
2 hours ago, by wj32
From Advanced Linear Algebra (Roman): Show that an $R$-module $M$ satisfies the ACC for submodules if and only if the following condition holds. Every nonempty collection $\mathcal{S}$ of submodules of $M$ has a maximal element. That is, for every nonempty collection $\mathcal{S}$ of submodules of $M$ there is an $S\in\mathcal{S}$ with the property that $T\in\mathcal{S} \Rightarrow T \subseteq S $.
OK, thanks
 
 
1 hour later…
user19161
11:33 AM
Hello @JohnJunior.
 
@WillHunting hi
 
Hello
 
Time for my daily math questions. :)
 
Hooray ;-D
 
11:35 AM
How does
$38x - \frac{3420}{x} - 38 = 0$
$38x^2 - 38x - 3420 = 0$
How did they do that?
 
user19161
@DantheMan Multiply by x^2 throughout.
 
user19161
@DantheMan I notice you are very weak in algebraic manipulations. You should try reading your textbook again, and consulting your teachers if necessary.
 
@WillHunting But how come the last term doesn't have any x?
@WillHunting This is all for school. Lol. It's 10th grade Algebra II
 
@DantheMan multiply by x, not $x^2$ I guess Will made a typo .
 
user19161
@DantheMan Sorry, I mean x and not the square!
 
user19161
11:41 AM
@JayeshBadwaik Not typo, brain error.
 
10th grade algebra is equivalent to what age? 15?
 
user19161
@DantheMan Well, you really need to first understand the steps and then practise a few problems.
 
user19161
Don't practise without understanding.
 
@WillHunting Ah ok. I see that they flipped the second and third terms around
 
user19161
That is the mistake many students and teachers make, doing drills without understanding. It is so stupid.
 
11:42 AM
@JayeshBadwaik Something like that. But I am a year behind.
 
@DantheMan What textbook are you using?
 
user19161
And some people think math is about doing bigger and bigger sums only, again a stupid idea propagated in the world.
2
 
user19161
Why don't they have the same trivial idea of other subjects? I really wonder...
 
user19161
11:45 AM
@DantheMan Christian???
 
@WillHunting Yes :)
 
user19161
@DantheMan You are Christian?
 
@WillHunting Yes :)
Lol. Everyone stopped talking.
 
:P I am curious actually, what is different in that book as compared to normal algebra books? For example, we have vedic mathematics here, which is not mathematics, but set of arithmetic tricks to speed up computation orally. (not really beneficial unless you have a lot of time to devote to memorizing the rules).
 
12:00 PM
@JayeshBadwaik Really nothing is different. It just acknowledges God as the creator of mathematics.
2
@JayeshBadwaik Why do you always delete your comments? :P
 
@DantheMan They could be perceived as offensive without the context of the discussion, and hence so.
 
@JayeshBadwaik Ah ok :P
 
@anon typing tables is hard in LaTeX!!
I am right now typing up one for the multiplication table for $D_{4}$ the dihedral group.
 
@JayeshBadwaik Even with content they could be perceived as offensive ;-)
 
Hi again
 
12:14 PM
@JohnJunior Yeah.
@JohnSenior Hi John
 
@JohnJunior Hahahahaha!
 
@JohnJunior Possibly one of my less flattering self-portraits
 
@JohnSenior Somebody was having fun with a mac.
 
@DantheMan Yeah - playing with my wife's iPad
 
12:16 PM
@JohnSenior Your previous gravatar reminded me of Gandalf. None shall pass!
 
@JohnSenior Haha awesome
 
@JayeshBadwaik Yep - I keep reverting to that one
 
12:32 PM
What should be the first step for finding x?
$2x - 3\sqrt{x} = 2$
 
Put $y = \sqrt{x}$
 
@JayeshBadwaik Ah ok
@JayeshBadwaik Then what?
 
@DantheMan Substitute it into the equation and see what it looks like.
 
$2x - 3y -2 = 0$
 
note: $y^2 = x$
 
12:41 PM
right
so.... $2x^2 - 3x -2x = 0$ ?
 
@DantheMan Why are you still using $x$?
 
idk :P
 
10 mins ago, by Jayesh Badwaik
Put $y = \sqrt{x}$
 
2 mins ago, by John Junior
note: $y^2 = x$
12 mins ago, by Dan the Man
What should be the first step for finding x?
$2x - 3\sqrt{x} = 2$
 
12:44 PM
$2y^2 -3y -2=0$
 
6 mins ago, by John Junior
@DantheMan Substitute it into the equation and see what it looks like.
 
1 min ago, by Dan the Man
$2y^2 -3y -2=0$
 
@DantheMan What form of an equation does it look like?
 
@JohnJunior quadratic
 
How do you solve a quadratic equation?
 
12:48 PM
@JohnJunior Factor it or use the quadratic formula
 
Yes.
 
$(2y+1)(y-2) = 0$
 
Hooray!
 
Are we finished?
 
12:51 PM
almost
$y = -\frac{1}{2}$ or $y=2$
$y^2=x$
$x=\frac{1}{4}$ or $x=4$
correct?
 
Where are all the pros when you need them
 
@DantheMan Say the solution set is {1/4, 4}.
26 mins ago, by Dan the Man
What should be the first step for finding x?
$2x - 3\sqrt{x} = 2$
 
check it?
 
And check it in the original equation^
 

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