(assuming you've focused correctly)
you can probably also choose the White Balance in that menu
Exposure compensation - lets you adjust exposure up or down if you think the camera is being fooled
Drive mode, that will let you fire off lots of shots at once or use the timer (probably)
ah, metering mode, that might be useful
Camera meters work by trying to make everything grey. If you point the camera at a white wall, it will underexpose to make it grey. If you point it at a black wall, it will overexpose to make it grey.
By default, most cameras are set to meter the whole scene and take an average reading. So if you have some food on a white plate, the camera will think 'Holy crap, that's white! Time to underexpose!' and your food will be a bit dark.
So what you can do is set the Metering to 'spot'. This lets you choose a specific, small point where the camera takes its reading. So you use that to meter for the food, ignoring the plate. The food should then be properly exposed.