English Language & Usage: Multi-Layer

Not for the faint of heart or those easily triggered by Englis...
yst 12:00
And what is Russian name of this item?
yst 11:55
@CowperKettle "bed warmer" / "warming pan"? (I might have seen it in some films.)
Fri 21:51
As of March 2025, the State of Palestine is recognized as a sovereign state by 147 of the 193 member states of the United Nations, or just over 75% of all UN members. It has been a non-member observer state of the United Nations General Assembly since November 2012. This limited status is largely due to the fact that the United States, a permanent member of the UN Security Council with veto power, has consistently used its veto or threatened to do so to block Palestine's full UN membership. The State of Palestine had been officially declared by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) on 15...
Fri 03:50
@GratefulDisciple Those who do not know Classical Latin pronunciation may pronounce words using something like this.
Fri 01:20
@Mitch But then, by definition, another place becomes your residence.
Fri 01:15
@Cerberus By the way, is there practice of covering pavements with sand in Netherlands in winter?
Fri 01:08
@Cerberus Those from tropics. But maybe climate warming caused that there is no longer snow or ice in Netherlands in winter?
Fri 01:03
@Cerberus Have you ever experienced this?
Fri 00:56
Have you ever fallen over when standing on chair or using ladder?
Fri 00:52
My chair is not slippery, and I do not use ladder, but icy pavement is slippery and dangerous.
Fri 00:50
It would make sense to wear helmet when walking on possibly icy pavement in winter.
Fri 00:42
> Research shows that the probability of a pedestrian being killed rises by a factor of 8 as the impact speed of the car rises from 30km/h to 50km/h. The best-designed vehicle on the road today provides crash protection currently up to 70km/h for car occupants wearing seat belts in frontal impacts and 50 km/h in side impacts.
Fri 00:42
> The energy of a crash is related to the square of the velocity, so small increases in speed produce major increases in the risk of injury. The human tolerance to injury of a pedestrian hit by even the best-designed car will be exceeded if the vehicle is travelling at over 30km/h. Studies show that pedestrians have a 90% chance of surviving a car crash at 30km/h or below, but less than a 50% chance of surviving an impact at 45 km/h.
Fri 00:39
Walking 2 times faster increases energy 4 times.
Fri 00:38
Pedestrians usually walk not too fast. If one pedestrian crashes with another pedestrian, energy of crash is not too high.
Fri 00:37
@Cerberus Pedestrians on pavement or roadway?
Fri 00:29
@Cerberus Risk depends on kinetic energy which depends on mass and square of speed.
Fri 00:25
Laws concerning the wearing of bicycle helmets vary around the world, (see Bicycle helmet laws). Five countries (Argentina, Cyprus, Australia, Namibia, and New Zealand) currently both require and enforce universal use of helmets by cyclists. Partial rules apply in some other jurisdictions, such as only for children (e.g. in France), in certain states or sub-national divisions (e.g. British Columbia in Canada), or under other limited conditions. The effects of compulsory use of helmets are disputed. == History == Australia was the first country to enact mandatory bicycle helmet use for...
Fri 00:16
@Robusto Polska / Polonia. (gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/…)
Fri 00:11
This law will affect both bikes and electric scooters.
Fri 00:10
@Cerberus One article says that wearing helmet reduces risk of injury of head by 44%.
Fri 00:07
@Cerberus Here, ministry of infrastructure announced that helmets will be required (since next year) for all persons with age until 16 years.
Thu 18:29
Some countries may have introduced restrictions of entry for unvaccinated persons to some places (e.g. unvaccinated students in school). (I am not talking about COVID-19, but other diseases, with mandatory vaccines existing for decades.)
Thu 18:26
I think that legally such document should be issued only during vaccination (e.g. in hospital building), not through internet.
Thu 18:23
(As opposed to certificate of some past action, e.g. certificate of vaccination.)
Thu 18:20
@GratefulDisciple A physical non-living thing (not animal or plant)?
Thu 18:19
@GratefulDisciple Certificate of ownership of something?
Thu 18:15
You could sell birth certificates claiming birth on US soil :) . Or is there already such service?
Thu 18:12
@GratefulDisciple certificate of conduct, certificate of authenticity, certificate of deposit?
Thu 18:08
@GratefulDisciple birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, medical certificate?
Thu 17:37
@GratefulDisciple chat.stackexchange.com/users/3420/cerberus : "last message 3d ago // last seen 3d ago"
Thu 17:33
@GratefulDisciple Also, is target audience those who have at least basic knowledge of Latin?
Thu 17:31
Probably most persons would associate it with some modern certificates (maybe SSL certificates?).
Thu 17:30
@GratefulDisciple If you tell use what would be "made sure" by that site, then maybe we can give more advice.
Thu 17:17
@GratefulDisciple By the way, I have not seen Cerberus for several days. I suspect that he may be on vacation.
Thu 17:16
@GratefulDisciple You can also consider adding another word to make more informative name. certificamus.com sounds as informative as weexplain.com, weinform.com, wetell.com etc. :) .
Thu 17:10
@alphabet certificō was maybe not used much, if at all, but -ficō is a rather productive suffix in Latin. (As mentioned earlier, -igō is another suffix.) So e.g. from adjective caeruleus "blue" I could invent verb caeruleficō "to make (something) blue, to bluen".
Thu 06:22
From such name, I cannot guess what would be made certain there...
Thu 06:15
Adjective: certus (feminine certa, neuter certum, comparative certior, superlative certissimus, adverb certē or certō); first/second-declension adjective
  1. certain
  2. fixed, settled, firm
  3. resolved, determined
  4. Synonyms: prōmptus, indubius, fixus
  5. Antonyms: incertus, dubius, suspensus, vagus, anceps
(2 more not shown…)
Thu 06:14
certus or certain are very general words.
Thu 06:07
@GratefulDisciple Explanation of something related to religion? (I would not guess so based only on name.)
Thu 05:50
certus is ancestor of English certain.
Thu 05:49
There is also -izō, -izāre of Greek origin (English -ize).
Thu 05:47
-ficō, -ficāre is the most common native Latin way of forming verbs meaning "to make (adjective/noun)". Another is -igō, -igāre.
Thu 05:39
@GratefulDisciple "we make certain/sure"?