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fqq
12:03 AM
@SirCrackpot Does Sachdev actually use the form of A and B after 5.63? I am pretty sure the expression there is wrong, the RHS diverges for a -> 0 instead of converging to the identity
that said, there is a similar (but correct) expression that makes it all work, IIRC A and B should both be singular, but always combine so that you get meaningful expressions in the limit. It's one way to build a path integral for spins
I think I have the correct expression somewhere in my thesis, if I have time over the weekend I'll try to dig it up and post an answer
 
 
3 hours later…
2:50 AM
is there such a concept as irreducible representation "hopping"? Say I have two distinct irreducible representation spaces. For concreteness, let's take $V_1 \cong \mathbb{C}^2$ and $V_2 \cong \mathbb{C}^4$. Is there some physical conception of hopping between these irrep spaces via some map $\varphi: V_1 \rightarrow V_2$?
 
3:22 AM
Vectors $T_i = \hat{a}_i^{\dagger} |0>$ form an irrep of $SU(n)$, as do anti-symmetric tensors $T_{ij} = \hat{a}_i^{\dagger} \hat{a}_j^{\dagger} |0>$, you can hop from the first to the second by applying creation operators to the first
 
4:16 AM
@bolbteppa I think this is a good thing in the long term
Many students skip more intermediate/advanced topics in QFT and jump straight into ST
Being anti-strings initially atleast lets the student make up their own mind
I think the biggest issue is that a lot of students studying ST aren't even interested in physics in the first place
 
4:50 AM
@DIRAC1930 right, this thread is good too
> I asked people who work on string theory/ holography about that one wow moment that sold them on the subject. Here are some of the responses 🧵
 
How do you search for names of particular papers which are given in reference without names?
E.g. P.K. Townsend, Phys. Lett. 139B (1984) 283;
 
5:52 AM
Just search that, usually you'll find another paper references it and gives the exact name, and you can double check the page and volume on the first page of the paper to be super sure, as a test try it with that paper which I found
 
6:28 AM
@SillyGoose An intertwining map?
 
6:41 AM
@bolbteppa Hm... That's what I have been doing. I thought there's some better search engine or something. Do you guys usually just google it? There's no problem with paper which came after the early '90s. Most of them are on ArXiv anyway
 
Yes, imagine what people did before the internet...
 
Oh no
Did they actually go to some bookstore/library and look for volumes of journals!
 
You had to
Sometimes you had to do the INTERLIBRARY LOAN
the ILL
Just wait months for the fuckers to send you a copy
Also these days, you can just input a paper reference into google scholar
It can recognize them easily
Also during some particularly tough times there were whole embargos on papers from certain countries?
 
@Slereah I just tried that: it's indeed smooth
 
Like during WWI it was tough getting German papers in England
 
6:57 AM
@Sanjana Ah, the youth of today.
3
I remember having to go to London because one of the London university libraries had the only copy of an obscure journal I needed.
 
@JohnRennie When was this?
 
Mid 1980s.
 
there's still a bunch of non-digitized papers that you have to visit in person today rly
I haven't encountered that many in physics (although a few), but things are much more dire for my friends who are into history
Nobody has digitized quite a lot of random 18th-19th century documents about american indians apparently
 
I realise it doesn't seem possible that there was a time when the Internet did not exist ...
 
Not to mention the whole microfilm catastrophe of the early 20th century
 
7:04 AM
We used to have to bang rocks together to send information as Morse code.
 
@JohnRennie The 70's were tough
 
The 70s were complete rubbish: poverty, power cuts, civil unrest and prog rock.
 
@JohnRennie Did you use PRESTEL back then
@JohnRennie Thank god Thatcher came right after to set that right
 
@Slereah Yes, the BBC version was Ceefax and all we young nerds used it.
As I recall the BBC even managed to use it to send software for BBC micros.
@Slereah She failed with the prog rock though.
 
All my knowledge of 80's British computing comes from
 
7:25 AM
@bolbteppa oh so this is jumping from "energy space" to "number space"?
i guess i am interested in the particular case in which the map in question connected two irreps, each corresponding to a label of a distinct particle species--or something similar
basically a formalization of the idea that I start with a particle of type $1$ and then perform some sort of physical transformation on it and turn it into a particle of type $2$
fake example meant to illustrate the point: if I were to accelerate an electron and it turned into a muon
 
8:03 AM
@fqq Hello, fqq. No, the form of $A$ and $B$ themeselves is not important per se. $A$ is a normalization we throw away and $B$ is the coupling constant of Ising spins in the imaginary time direction. The real problem is asserting that such matrix element is an exponential, since as I show in my post that only holds for strong external fields
In other words, I'm not sure one can say $(5.63)=A\exp(Bm'm)$ for whatever $A$ and $B$ unless you make other assumptions. Yet, is should not be necessary
 
What are the typical reasons for bigshots to leave "big" institutions for well equally "big" institutes?
David Gross left Princeton for UCSB?! Ashoke Sen left TIFR then HRI and is now at ICTS. There are too many examples ... What "better opportunities" could these people possibly have at other places? Or are the reasons more personal? Or is it academia politics?
I saw some other people join Harvard...then leave for Princeton suddenly
 
9:08 AM
@Qmechanic Yesterday I saw a comment of yours under my question with "notes for later" but then it disappeared. What happened? D:
 
9:35 AM
@fqq FYI I've just noticed that in the case of the mapping classical Ising chain-single quantum spin, which in principle should proceed analogously, it is assumed the opposite condition for the couplings!
That is, they assume that the interaction between spins dominates over the external field, in contrast to my post
 
i wish i actually took statistical field theory among my courses
but you can pick exams among groups and the choice there was between statistical field theory, general relativity II and standard model
i ended up picking SM and GRII
but honestly i wish i could do all 3
 
Has anyone ever lived deja vu too often? (Just asking ...)
Anyway I should go .... Sigh
 
10:06 AM
ahhh...finally I have normal internet access again
4
 
@ACuriousMind cheers !
@MoreAnonymous i barely ever get it but some people i know say they can predict the future when they get it
 
@SirCrackpot : Sorry, I'm reading the references that you added, and I'm just taking some notes for myself concerning a possible update.
 
10:40 AM
@ACuriousMind thats great so we can harass you with questions again
 
yay!
 
Yay!!!
Here's one
0
Q: How does one solve this $\pi$ equation?

More AnonymousSince all numbers in pi in any base is equally probable. On average we expect in base 10 we have on average we have: $$ M=(1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9)/10 = 4.5$$ In an arbitrary base: $$ M = \frac{b+1}{2} - \frac{1}{b}$$ thus a base independent version of pi is: $$ M = \langle \frac{1}{b^{4k}} \times (\...

 
10:58 AM
@Qmechanic Okay, thank you. I hope that didn't come off as pushy
 
Sigh ... Deleted it
 
@ACuriousMind ACM is back hell yeah
Ok, let's talk about spinor representations
 
somebody knows a quick way to tell mathematica how to express modified bessel functions in terms of the ordinary ones?
 
I wish I knew a way to tell a human how to do that
"Bessel vs modified Bessel functions" deserves a spot in my ranking of the most annoying conventions in physics
 
@SirCrackpot yeah
 
oh i know the relation
i just wanted to know if there is a quick way to tell mathematica to use only ordinary bessel functions and not the modified ones
 
@ACuriousMind although I want to be sure you're the real ACM and you are not a brand new AI, can you prove that?
 
@SirCrackpot : Not at all.
 
11:25 AM
What are the copyright legalities on SE?
@SirCrackpot that's a thing now?
 
11:46 AM
Stack exchange posts are considered public domain
 
@Slereah No, they're licensed as cc-by-sa
which is rather permissive, but not "public domain"
@SirCrackpot no
welcome to the new age, no one can prove they're not AI
 
3
Q: Does copyright apply to Stack Exchange answers and comments?

Destructive WolfSo I asked a question on Worldbuilding Stack Exchange, and I got an answer that I really enjoyed. I loved the way the person described it. So I thought, is it okay to copy this and use it in other things? Short question: are Stack Exchange questions public domain?

Ah yes
But then what about that guy who published books of se posts
Is he a criminal
A scoundrel
 
no, that's fine under the cc-by-sa terms - even commercial use is allowed, as long as you give correct attribution
 
@ACuriousMind yeah this confirms it's you
ACM always finds a loophole
 
12:24 PM
@lucabtz I didn't take statistical field theory actually
I took a parody of it
 
 
2 hours later…
2:01 PM
A high school student asked me this question:- say we have a closed gaseous system(ideal gas) and we heat the system isothermally then since the system is expanding the center of mass will move from its initial position but then there is no external force acting on the system so how is that possible ?
What should I answer him ? Can someone explain
 
why would the center of mass move?
whether that happens or not seems to me to entirely depend on the shape of the container the gas is in
also what does "heat isothermally" mean? isothermal means the temperature stays constants, you're not "heating" the system in any ordinary sense of the word
 
@ACuriousMind but wait thermodynamics says that it is possible to give heat to a system without actually getting any temperature change. The whole energy just goes into work done on the surrounding.
 
2:18 PM
@Ankit oh, sure, formally you're "putting heat" into the system, but it's not as if you're putting it on a heating plate - what concrete process are you imagining here where you're "heating" the system isothermally, its center of mass moves, and yet it is somehow mysterious why it moves?
 
@Ankit say its a balloon of gas. it would expand equally in all directions (isothropically) so the center of mass would stay where it is
so yeah the example would need to be more specific
also if you are heating whatever you are heating is there really no external force?
 
the thing is a isothermic process is not really usefully thought about as "heating" - usually you have something in a thermal bath (so the temperature stays constant -> isothermal) and then you do something to it slowly enough that the approximation that the temperature stays constant works
the relevant part is what you're doing to the system, not that it's also in a thermal bath that supplies heat
 
yeah indeed
 
2:50 PM
I could heat a balloon symmetrically and the COM would not move
 
 
5 hours later…
Bml
7:44 PM
Hello everyone. Some time ago I read a book (whose name I don't remember) in which it opened up the prospect of a multi-dimensional space-time reality. The book said that if we draw a little man on a sheet of paper (thus in 2D) that man lives in a 2D reality (or, at most, in 2+1 if we consider time, provided that such a little man can move in the sheet). However, the little man is drawn by someone living in a four-dimensional space-time (3+1) of which the little man in the sheet is unaware. So, we could reasonably live in a reality that is the "sheet of paper" of some being living in multip
 
7:56 PM
@Bml the analogy has two parts: there being higher dimensions, and there being higher-dimensional beings drawing lower-dimensional ones. The latter has no correspondence in current mainstream physics, but the former is a common feature of stringy models - string theory is consistent only in 10 spacetime dimensions, and so anyone trying to relate it to reality has to explain how we only perceive 4 dimensions
one buzzword is braneworlds
 
The whole argument sounds scale dependent to me.
 
what?
 
What does "little" man even mean.
 
Is it legal to wage war on yourself (in academia) publishing papers under a pseudonym?
 
what do you mean "wage war"
 
8:05 PM
Like you publish "X" and then using a pseudonym you publish "not X"
 
probably legal, absolutely academically unethical
 
Bml
@user85795 Unfortunately, I don't remember the exact words, pardon. The author of the book may also have said "man" instead of "little man," I don't remember. This should not change the gist of the argument.
 
I mean, ethics is not the problem in that scenario
It's nutty stuff
 
Extreme, to say the least.
Publishing has gone extremely wild on the net.
 
@user85795 I've never asked you: are you a physicist?
 
Bml
8:25 PM
@ACuriousMind Thanks. The problem is that I didn't understand why the author decided to give these examples if there are no theories within mainstream physics. It has no scientific validity, does it?
 
@Bml ...without knowing the broader context of how the analogy appears in the book and what book it was, we won't figure out what it was really trying to say :P
 
8:43 PM
Every time I ask that question to sb, I log later to find (removed)
 
Has any work been done on the question of how we only perceive 4 dimensions @ACuriousMind as it relates to string theory?
 
@ACuriousMind What are your thoughts on GSW and its relevance to modern ST?
 
Sorry @SirCrackpot I have signed a "non disclosure agreement" :P
 
Bml
8:57 PM
@user85795 I'm also interested in this.
 
@user85795 ;)
 
@DIRAC1930 it's been a while since I read it; since I have almost no memory of it (as opposed to the dislike I still carry for BBS) I guess it was okay :P
@user85795 didn't I just say that it's a common feature of stringy models?
I'm puzzled what the question is - the main goal of string phenomenology is to produce a somewhat realistic 4d theory from the stringy 10d assumptions
 
@ACuriousMind What is BBS?
 
@SirCrackpot Becker, Becker, Schwarz (the other string theory book)
 
How many ST books did you read? :P
 
9:11 PM
well, I didn't read most of BBS because I disliked it :P
and I don't think there are that many other books, Zwiebach or Polchinski, I guess, but I read neither of them
 
Did you read Polchinski?
 
I'm surprised how normal GSW seems
It is written like a physics book
 
@ACuriousMind Sorry, I didn't see that LOL
 
It seems completely different to what the field looks like as an outsider
 
Maybe we sent at the same time
I'm waiting for the day when I discover that ST is easier than QFT somehow
 
9:19 PM
QFT is easier when ignoring P&S
And doing it historically
By historically I mean after 1950s
 
 
1 hour later…
Bml
10:31 PM
Excuse me, but doesn't this famous paper (arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9702052.pdf) offer sufficient reason to consider space-time dimensions greater or smaller than 3+1 impossible? What am I missing?
 
@Bml well, no one claims that there are "just" more dimensions - there's usually a trick to them, like them being very small (compactification) or our physics confined to a hypersurface (brane) within the larger universe
 
How am I supposed to understand gibbs/helmholtz free energy? Specifically, the $TS$ term is the "free" energy from the constant temperature background right
 
@DIRAC1930 Chapter 2 is just re-doing what you do in special relativity when quantizing a point particle (a $1+0$ brane), but now for a $1+1$ brane aka a string, it's the most normal thing you could imagine just applied to a new situation
 
I don't know what $TS$ represents on a fundamental level.. I know $\frac{1}{T} = \frac{\partial S}{\partial U}$ so $TS = \frac{\partial U}{\partial S}S$
in the book it says $S$ is the final entropy so $T\Delta S = TS - T(0)$
 
Bml
@ACuriousMind Sorry, I formulated the question wrongly. Doesn't this paper offer sufficient reason to consider the 3+1 model as the privileged one? That is, reasons as to why our universe has this number of dimensions rather than another? Why 3+1 and not 4+1 or 5+1...?
 
10:42 PM
I used to think of temperature as just the "avg" kinetic energy of the molecules but now I'm thinking of it as the rate of change of energy w.r.t. entropy (which leaves me even more confused)
 
@Bml I'm a bit confused - you're asking that question as if anyone had claimed that it doesn't
 
Bml
@ACuriousMind Yes... see the second answer here: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/10651/…
 
@Bml I do not see a real contradiction here: Just because 3+1 dimensions may be the only choice where something like e.g. atoms or solar systems exists, that doesn't mean the universe has to have that particular choice of dimensions
there's no a priori reason that the universe has to have solar systems
 
Bml
@ACuriousMind OK... maybe I understand. You are saying that the universe cannot have dimensions other than 3+1 with matter, atoms and other quantum fields present in 3+1 space-time, but it does not have to have a priori 3+1 dimensions: it could reasonably have 4+1 or 5+1 dimensions, with the necessary constraint that 3+1 objects can't be part of it. Right?
 
I mean, yes, but also you really shouldn't take that handwaving Tegmark paper as some kind of absolute truth; it's a plausibility argument, and again modern physics has plenty of stuff like compactification where we do get our 3+1 physics from higher dimensions
 
10:54 PM
@ACuriousMind Where does the distinction between having different internal states versus those states corresponding to a different particles come from?
 
I have no idea what that question means or how it relates to anything I said
 
Bml
@ACuriousMind OK, so in this case, the paper I sent would be a reasonable argument for why our universe can only be 3+1 with the physical objects around us, not why the universe cannot have 4+1 or other dimensions with other characteristics. Correct?
 
sure
 
i.e. for spin 1/2, we view the up and down spin as being the same particle with a different internal state. However for $SU(3)$, we identify the 3 states (quarks) as different particles. Is it just that the former is a space-time symmetry meanwhile the latter is not?
 
who "identifies the 3 states as different particles"?
no one thinks a blue quark is a different particle than a red quark
 
10:58 PM
There is something infuriating about that paper and the presentation of a hundred+ year old results about inverse square laws as being radically novel
 
Well we dont say that the neutron, proton etc. are the same particle just with a different internal state
 
that's because they consist of different amounts of up and down quarks
up and down are different from blue and red :P
flavour symmetry is only approximate, and more of an accident
you have to be careful to distinguish the (exact, gauge) SU(3) color symmetry from the (broken, global) SU(3) flavour symmetry
 
@ACuriousMind They need to come up with new names ngl
Everytime I hear that the proton and neutron aren't fundamental I lose interest in physics
 
@DIRAC1930 how come
 
I'm not quite sure. It's probably since I never really properly knew about other particles (except the positron, electron, photon and neutrino) until my 3rd year particle physics course which I wasn't really interested in
Plus, where I live, chemistry is drilled into us since an early age
Plus the discoveries of the electron, proton seems so magical
And then the theorizing of the photon, electron and positron are even more magical
 
11:14 PM
Heisenberg's nucleon idea is simply incredible and the beginning of the journey to quarks
 
@bolbteppa I think that's explained in L&L 4 Rel QFT Part II

I don't know if you know but L&L 4 used to be 2 volumes, Relativistic Quantum Theory Part I and Part II. The 2nd volume got scrapped and then Rel QFT Part I got renamed to L&L QED, however part II explains QCD etc. in a primitive form (IIRC).
 
Yes, that chapter is very good, a lot of it is basically the old VA theory, and VA was the key
 
11:31 PM
@DIRAC1930 oh that explains why the Italian volume is named "Relativistic Quantum Theory"
In contrast to the English edition "QED"
 

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