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1:00 AM
@AkivaWeinberger Ah, I had mischaracterized the open sets.
It's clear that there's no arc, though--but don't ask me to prove it. :3
 
So, like, $x\mapsto x$ for $x\in[0,.5]$, and $x\mapsto1-x$ for $x\in(0.5,1)$. And $x\mapsto0'$ for $x=1$.
 
Yeah.
 
Yeah @Daminark you use them for like a lot of things. Actually we used them in functional analysis to make an extension operator for Sobolev spaces. And to prove Riesz representation.
 
@Fargle I've never actually tried proving it
Hm
 
@AkivaWeinberger It's probably a decently easy proof, I'd think you would just show that the doubling-back behavior characterizes every path, and then you're done, because no path is an arc.
I've just never been good at topological proofs like that, because my intuition blinds me.
 
1:02 AM
Oh, yeah, it's just the intermediate value theorem or something
It can't stay at the origin. So at some point it's off the origin.
 
And then it has to come back to remain continuous.
 
By IVT, it reaches everywhere between the origins and the point in the first half of the arc, and then reaches them again in the second half
So it can't be injective
 
IVT makes no statements about the codomain, right?
 
Implied Volatility Crush?
 
It's for functions from intervals to $\Bbb R$, but you can compose our arc with the quotient map from the line-with-two-origins to $\Bbb R$. @Fargle
Quotienting together the two origins.
@Sophie Precisely.
(Intermediate value theorem)
 
1:04 AM
@AkivaWeinberger True. I was thinking of the more general formulation, though.
X to Y with X connected.
 
Oh.
That's essentially the "path-connected implies connected" thing
If there's a path between two points, they're in the same connected component.
 
Yeah.
 
From which we can see that they're in the same connected component of the path's image.
 
Man, if I had known what higher math would be like five years ago, I might've cracked a damn book.
Surely my arithmetical skills will eventually help!
 
@Eric Which one? The one that implies infinite dimensional spaces aren't locally compact?
 
1:08 AM
I wonder how we prove that arc-connected is equivalent to path-connected for Hausdorff spaces
(assuming that's true at all)
 
that's the Riesz lemma
the version of riesz representation that characterizes the dual of $C(X)$ where $X$ is a compact metric space.
which are the Radon measures, with norm given by total variation or something.
 
Oh
 
you'll have all the definitions to prove it next quarter actually
but the proof is some work and more functional than you would do in your class
 
And right? @Fargle
 
@Akiva What college are you interested in?
 
1:12 AM
I would've gotten my mathematical life together a long time ago if I had known how math would've been like (since I would've known in that case that I'd end up liking it more than physics)
 
Wait, are you a junior or a senior? Sorry, I forgot.
 
Junior
I'm thinking of applying to Yale early decision
(meaning I do it well before normal applications, but if they accept me I have to go)
 
I haven't thought about it yet.
I have four years to go.
 
(so if all goes well I only have to make one application, and also it shows them that I'm more interested in them than any other college so it boosts my chances)
@MeowMix Go to… that one. points
 
I think you definitely have the smarts to get in.
 
1:20 AM
@Akiva Try that one over there instead points to the left slightly
 
I have a feeling I won't be able to go to the college I want because of money reasons.
College is fucking expensive
 
@Meow Schools tend to be nice about financial aid
Or, at least some
 
@MeowMix If you're as gifted as you seem to be (not to inflate your ego, but yeh), you'll likely do well with scholarships, at least at a public university.
 
I wouldn't have been able to come to Chicago if not for the aid
 
I screwed around throughout all of high school, and ended up paying only around $200 a year at my state's flagship institution.
Footnote 1: now I need loans because I squandered the HOPE, the National Merit, and that university's best scholarship, but as long as you don't do that...
 
1:24 AM
@Farlge LOL no. A lot of people here are way more talented than I
Exhibit A: Akiva, Exhibit B: Balarka, Exhibit C: Any other young'uns on this site
 
@MeowMix Don't fall into the trap of imposter syndrome. The nature of MSE is such that you're going to see highly talented people.
 
Dude my parents are dirt broke and I get PAID to go to college. Colleges with lots of money help. It's great.
 
I mean, you're younger than many of them, and also people here are not reflective of the norm in general
 
I was nowhere near where people like Balarka or Akiva are when I was their age, nor was I anywhere close to where you are now.
The average math student is just that: average. With no offense meant to that body in general, but it's not a dense collection of supergeniuses.
 
I lucked out with Chicago, got nice aid, but like, I came here with a pathetic math background
 
1:27 AM
I know people in my department who are first-years with more knowledge than me, and people who are third-years just getting around to Calc 3 and Diff Eqs.
 
I would've been taking 152 if not for the 160s
 
@Daminark What do those numbers mean
 
Oh lmao, right
The 160s is honors calculus, a la Spivak
150s are the standard calculus class
 
151-152-153 is the full year sequence
 
1:28 AM
I'll put it like this: you lack some mathematical maturity, but so do I, and you definitely have a knack for the subject. In that sense, you're at least at the level of most of my peers. You'd succeed far better in my real analysis class than some of my classmates.
 
I also sometimes feel like I have potential but I wasted it
 
So I basically would've come here and started off learning what an integral is
 
(By not studying, and sometime losing interest)
 
how could you have wasted your potential if youre not done with grade school yet
 
@MeowMix You're still studying far above your level, however slowly or however distractedly. Almost all math majors enter college without ever having heard the word "homeomorphism".
 
1:30 AM
Vaguely relevant:
24 mins ago, by Fargle
Man, if I had known what higher math would be like five years ago, I might've cracked a damn book.
I don't think that Fargle would call that "wasting his potential"
(By "that", I mean, not looking at this stuff earlier)
 
The experience level of the majority of eventual math majors when they enter college is AP Calculus
 
But I could've been much smarter
Anyways, in the word of Ted, "Don't [I] have problems to do?"
 
You mean "more experienced", or perhaps "knowing more theory".
 
As in, more knowledge
 
@MeowMix: don't worry too much about it. I promise you, any financial aid representative or scholarship committee member worth his salt would recognize your abilities and your level of knowledge, if not from academic records, then from the essay you'll write during application.
Take this from an egotist who's found himself validated time and time again: it doesn't take much to win that lottery from your position.
 
1:36 AM
Umm, since it doesn't look like I'm going to be skipping any years in high school, is there any way I can "test out" classes I'm already experienced in?
 
@Fargle Say again?
 
@AkivaWeinberger What do you mean?
 
I don't understand the sentence
 
@MeowMix If you mean in undergrad, that's usually up to your department head, but I've done that for a few classes at UT that didn't transfer to my current college.
 
I'll be sad if I have to live like this for the rest of my mathematics career, being bored.
 
1:38 AM
@AkivaWeinberger I mean to say, I've been there before, as a very astute and ahead student that fell into the same trap of "oh man, is this going to be enough?"
 
My high school didnt let me skip things. It sucked. If where you live there's a local uni that offers dual enrollment classes that's a good option though.
 
@Fargle Ah, OK
 
School math is already soo unbearable
 
@MeowMix If you demonstrate aptitude, your professors will see it. You might spend your first year a bit bored, but after that, I wouldn't be shocked if you were in grad-level classes. Again, depends on the institution, but that's what happened to me.
 
LOL my current teacher thinks there isn't anything past multivariable calculus
I guess that isn't too common a mistake though
 
1:40 AM
@Meow
1) Math isn't the sort of thing that will perpetually require every ounce of your soul at all times
2) High school, possibly not much, barring asking them to let you take the AP exam on your own and skipping something (which @Eric couldn't have done because IB, right?), though in college you'll have much more of an opportunity
 
my high school had AP and IB
 
@Fargle @Dami OK, thanks for the support / info.
 
Huh
 
I appreciate it :]
 
I took AP calc BC when I was a freshman and got a 5, but then they forced me to sit in a year of ap calc when I was a sophomore
 
1:41 AM
Of course, @Meow.
 
That's really annoying @Eric... Did your teacher at least let you do your own thing?
No problem @Meow!
 
yeah i had an understanding teacher, he let me skip out on class and do other stuff
 
@Eric I had to take it later, because graduation requirements for the 2013 class in TN were totally screwed up. You had to take 4 years of high school math...IN high school. So algebra I, alg II, and geometry didn't count for me because I took them in middle school. I had to take a number of math classes I didn't need.
 
The high school I'll be going to has a multivariable calc class that I (might) have to take. Which is shitty because it will probably lack rigor.
 
oh god that sounds awful
@Fargle
 
1:44 AM
If I wanted to take the AP exam, would I ask the math supervisor... now?
Because I can't change classes in the middle of the year.
 
@Eric Eh, it was okay. It just meant I ended up taking "advanced algebra and trig"--aka precalc for people who don't want to do calc--my freshman year, and then pre-calc the following year.
 
Im pretty sure you can just sign up for the exam without the class
 
^
 
ah I see
 
How?
 
1:45 AM
idk ive been out of high school for a couple years now
check the collegeboard website
 
I took a couple of AP tests without our school having the class. I don't remember how, but if there's somebody who handles AP at your school, talk to them, or to your math supervisor (they'll likely know who to talk to, at least)
 
Would it be weird if I sent it now? I mean, the school year is not even over yet.
 
Yeah, though I'll say that it might still be good to talk to your supervisor anyway, since if they don't let you advance by showing them the score, it'll be for naught
 
I don't see what would be weird about it, the worst that could happen is they tell you to come back later
 
Plus, those exams do cost
 
1:46 AM
May isn't too far away
I think a lot of the AP tests are given in May
@MeowMix
 
@MeowMix Do you mean to take it this year or next year?
 
can't you get a waiver for exams?
 
This year, preferably
 
Ah, maybe, I know nothing of AP
 
@MeowMix Talk to them ASAP, then. I think the deadline for test orders is some time in early April.
 
1:47 AM
Uhh, I'll send an e-mail.
 
If you do end up taking it:
Do practice tests
 
^
 
Lots of them
 
What does AP calc cover?
 
Can't recommend this enough. I got a five on every AP I ever took, and only because I learned to beat the format.
 
1:48 AM
Is it rigorous at all?
 
lol no
 
lol what did I expect
 
they used to have $\epsilon$-$\delta$ in like... the 80s
 
Not even close. In IB they presented epsilonics for doing sequences, but that's it
 
1:49 AM
Yeah, it's basically AP Calculus Computations
 
Beyond that
 
LOL
 
When I took my first practice AP (preparing for the AP Calc BC), I did not do well
 
Time to go e-mail a math supervisor
 
"Do some obscure trig substitution, then integrate by parts 3 times and do some messy algebra"
 
1:50 AM
It took lots of tries before I was confident enough that I was gonna do well on the test
 
Yeah taking practice tests is p important i think (as someone who never took a practice test)
idt trig substitution is covered in AP
 
Should I arrange something with my math teacher to meet face-to-face?
I mean, she knows me.
 
I think I might have accidentally scared some of the other students right before the test by asking them stuff about Taylor remainders
It didn't end up on the test, but I thought it would :P
 
@AkivaWeinberger Yeah, that material rarely finds its way onto the test.
The power series stuff in general does, but not finding an appropriate $\xi$ or anything like that.
What year did you take BC, @Akiva?
 
Right after 8th grade
 
1:54 AM
@Akiva Should I ask to sign up for AB or BC?
Or do I need to take both...?
 
It would be BC
AB is just the first half of BC, I think
 
AB is BC minus parametric and polar functions, minus L'Hopital's Rule, and minus a few minor topics throughout single-variable.
 
and like series right?
 
Oh yeah, that too.
 
Oh shit, I might need to brush up on series
 
1:56 AM
that was the big one i thought
 
@MeowMix You definitely don't need to take both
 
Can someone give me a sample series problem?
 
You can definitely find online
 
you can find an old BC exam online p easily @Meow
 
@MeowMix Find the interval of convergence for $\sum_{i = 0}^{\infty} x^i$.
 
1:58 AM
you used $i$ and $n$
 
nu-uh
 
Anyways, unfortunately I already knew that one, $-1 < x < 1$ :(
 
Well, pretend that was a little harder, and those are the kinds of questions you'll get about series.
 
Huh I didn't realize they did uniform convergence in AP
 
LOL I'll pretend
 
I'm not sure how to start this e-mail. I hate e-mailing people, it's always awkward
I try to find a mix between formal and informal but it always sucks
 
they don't use words like "uniform" @Daminark
they do convergence tests for power series, but don't tell you anything about what it means for the type of convergence.
 
Ah
 
"Dear ---, I am interested in taking the AP Calculus exam. How would I sign up? Thanks, Zach Hauk"
@MeowMix
Should work
 
What if my true name is Kuah Hcaz?
Okay well I said it before but thank you all, and I revise my thanking list to add Akiva
And what the hell Ill throw Eric in there too
I would be extremely happy if I could skip a few years of math.
 
2:14 AM
Yeah high school math is just bleh if you're ahead of the game
 
high school math is just bleh dude
 
I mean yeah, perhaps I may revise my statement to say "recognizably bleh"
I wasn't accelerated at all so at the time I thought IB Math was legit
 
lol the night you met me you asked me if i knew what a taylor series was
 
$A={1,2,3…}$ then from well ordering principle it means set A has element {1} (least number ) or set A has one element at least {2},{3}… ?
 
Lol I was prob working on a 162 pset
 
2:18 AM
it was fall quarter I think
 
Oh, really? I didn't even think I knew what a Taylor series was
 
lmao
 
Actually no they did that in IB
 
my response was that I was in honors analysis and you like shook my hand
 
Really where IB screwed up was on integration
 
2:19 AM
it was weird
 
> In mathematics, the well-ordering principle states that every non-empty set of positive integers contains a least element. In other words, the set of positive integers is well-ordered.
 
They just told us it was the antiderivative
Lol that sounds like me tbh
 
Can someone give one example
 
Like, I was in that stage where honors analysis seemed like that mystical class in the sky for deities or smth
 
@Fawad {2,4,6,8,…} has a smallest element (2), for example
 
2:22 AM
@AkivaWeinberger thanks,I thought non empty set has atleast one element.
 
This is not true if you allow negative integers
{…-4,-2,0,2,4,…} has no smallest element, for example
 
I started thinking about doing that class in winter quarter
 
@Fawad It does
{2,4,6,8…} has at least one element (in fact, it has infinitely many) so it's nonempty
 
Since I tried to read a subset of Rudin, started sitting in on accelerated because that book was tough, and found that I was handling it alright
 
@AkivaWeinberger so well ordering principle is not applicable for set containing negative numbers?
 
2:24 AM
Right. That's why it says "positive integers" above.
 
So I'm like wait, this makes sense, damn if I work enough in the 160s I might actually have a chance at the class
 
Alright
Where is @DHMO ?
 
It of course applies again if you only include finitely many negative integers.
 
@Semiclassical definition says positive integers
 
It doesn't directly apply
 
2:27 AM
I guess 'applies' is the wrong way to put it. But if you add a sufficiently large positive integer $N$ to a set with negative integers, then every element becomes positive. Then you can order that set, and subtract $N$ from every element to get an ordering of the original set.
 
@Semiclassical can you give an example?
 
Start with {-3,-7,-2,-1} and add, say, N=10 to get {7,3,8,9}. This orders as {3,7,8,9} and subtracting 10 again gives the ordering {-7,-3,-2,-1}.
 
Email sent
 
2:59 AM
Why 3,14,25 are pairwise relatively prime ? (How is it differentiation from mutually relatively prime?)
 
In the present example, there's no difference.
3 and 14 don't have a common factor. same with 14 and 25, same with 3 and 25.
by contrast, consider 6,10,15.
those aren't pairwise relatively prime, but there's also no factor common to all three of them.
 
Now I see difference
 
Hello everyone!
I want to make a request. I have proposed a Maple SE and its now in the Commitment phase. There is quite a handsome number of commitments made by new users but it worth less compare to the SE users with rep more than 200.
If you guyz could commit, please please help out?
area51.stackexchange.com/…
Thanks
3
 
3:58 AM
Hello all, i need help in this question on autonomous system of 2 ode , math.stackexchange.com/questions/2197413/…
 
from my experience, I would say B
@LittleRookie
 
Yes my guess is B too
but i cant think of the exact reason
why the other are not
 
A and C are nonlinear, D is not a system (looks a harvesting model)
 
How do u tell A and C are non-linear?
non-linear system?
 
As I said, from experience
 
4:08 AM
=/
Too bad im inexperience
Need the reasoning to convince myself
 
5:00 AM
How do I become graph-theoretically enabled? What are the magic results?
 
5:12 AM
I a system that can be represented by a vertex-and-edge graph, I've just been calling it "the graph".
Now I have use for a derived graph, where every vertex in the original graph gains what would be new "edges" but they connect a original vertex to an original edge instead of another vertex
Is there a name for this concept for a connection between a vertex and an edge, like some kind of "meta-edge"
 
 
2 hours later…
6:59 AM
@ShaVuklia OK
 
hello,
what means this condition : $f(t)= o(|t|^{m-1})$
$t\rightarrow0$
 
7:18 AM
little o notation
it's on wikipedia
 
7:28 AM
i don't understand how we write f
 
$f=o(|t|^{m-1})$ as $t\to0$ means $\lim_{t\to0}f(t)/|t|^{m-1}=0$
 
7:57 AM
@arctictern did you watch the Abel Prize presentation?
 
abel, no
why
 
Just wondering :-)
 
8:18 AM
Let $S=\{-1,0,1\}$.
Claim:
$$\Bbb{R}=\bigotimes_{i \in \Bbb{R}} S$$
(Background: Why is it illegal to treat $\Bbb{R}$ as a result of a continuum tensor product of some finite set...?)
To be investigated...
 
do you know what a tensor product is?
if you mean cartesian product, then because cardinality
 
Tensor product defines an object (a tensor) where it assigns cartesian products of the underlying sets of vector spaces to some scalar in a field $\Bbb{F}$ if I recall
 
if you mean it's a quotient of the free vector space on a cartesian product of sets, then yes
in any case, one does not take the tensor product of barren sets
$S$ is just a barren set
 
Hello!!

I want to check which of the following sequence converges and and if it doesn't converge I want to check if it has a convergent subsequence.
$\displaystyle{d_n=\frac{n^2+1}{n+1}, \ n\in \mathbb{N}}$

We have that\begin{equation*}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}d_n=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\frac{n^2+1}{n+1}=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\frac{n\left (n+\frac{1}{n}\right )}{n\left (1+\frac{1}{n}\right )}=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\frac{n+\frac{1}{n}}{1+\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{\infty+0}{1+0}=\infty\notin \mathbb{R}\end{equation*}
 
Suppose you have a subsequence, show that subsequence diverges.
you could use $d_n>n-1$ for that
 
8:27 AM
please if i have that $F(t)=\int_{0}^{s} f(s) ds $ and $\Phi(t)=\int_0^t \phi(s)s ds$ and $B(t)=\int_0^t b(s)s ds$ if i have that $|f(t)|\leq \varepsilon \phi(t)t +c b(t)t$ can deduce that $|F(t)|\leq \varepsilon \Phi(t)+c B(t)$ ?
@arctictern?
can you help me please
 
Let $d_{n_k}$ be a subsequence of $d_n$. Since $d_n>n-1, \ \forall n\in \mathbb{N}$ we get that $d_{n_k}>n_k-1$. When $n_k\rightarrow \infty$ we get $d_{n_k}>\infty$ and so it diverges.

Is it correct? Or did you mean something else?
 
sure. except $d_{n_k}>\infty$ doesn't make sense to write.
 
@arctictern please i it right what i say ?
 
Ah ok. We show the inequality as follows:
$d_n=\frac{n^2+1}{n+1}>\frac{n^2-1}{n+1}=\frac{(n-1)(n+1)}{n+1}=n-1$
right? @arctictern
 
hmm... seems I cannot came up with a one dimensional vector space that is not a line nor an infinite 1D lattice. Let me think again
 
8:39 AM
@Vrouvrou don't know. why do you think it's true?
@Secret a vector space as an infinite 1D lattice? what?
 
@arctictern Consider the underlying set being $\Bbb{Z}$, then equip this set with the usual addition and multiplication. You then have closure, linearity, additive inverse, identities etc., thus it is a valid vector space of one dimension
 
vector spaces are over fields
 
O wait, $\Bbb{Z}$ is not a field
ooops
 
@arctictern i just put the integral in each place
 
9:08 AM
someone have an idea about this: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2197971/…
3
please
 
9:19 AM
@arctictern Thank you!!
 
9:42 AM
@user1952009 maybe this month I am going to see the video lectures The Fourier Transforms and its Applications from YouTube by professor Osgood from the official channel Stanford. Are about 30 lectures, I hope finish them. And if you want know how is making a spanish guitar I recommend to you this documentary also from YouTube, without words but with guitar notes, this Documental de la construcción artesanal de las guitarras... from the official channel Guitarras Francisco Bros.
 
10:09 AM
@Stefan Perko

Sorry Stefan, I misread the comment. I thought the $\forall$ quantifier was applying to only the first variable "$(\forall x R(x) )\rightarrow B(x)$". I have since changed the suggested edit I made to your version.

Note however that the two expressions can be different:

Consider a finite domain of discourse containing only 3 ravens, in this case:
$\forall x : R(x)\rightarrow B(x)$ may be re-written:
$(R\rightarrow B)_1 \land (R\rightarrow B)_2 \land (R\rightarrow B)_3$

While $R\rightarrow B$ can be re-written: $R_1 \land R_2 \land R_3 \rightarrow B_1 \land B_2 \land B_3$
 
10:45 AM
Hello, someone here
 
I'm here, hello
though I hope to go to lunch soon
 
hello
@AntonioVargas
please have you an idea about my question math.stackexchange.com/questions/2197971/…
 
Oooh, Antonio
Heard you came to teach CA at Kulak yesterday :P
 
I did indeed! Are you there?
 
Yup
 
10:57 AM
ah cool
 
PhD student under Karel Dekimpe
 
Oh nice, tell him I say Hi
I've been meaning to email him again
 
Mkay, I will :)
 
It was my first time in Kortrijk. It's a nice place, quiet.
Have you been there long?
 
I did the first 2 years of my bachelor there, after which I had to go to Leuven
And after I graduated, I was TA for half a year, and now a bit over 1 year into my PhD
 
11:03 AM
Ah, lunch!
have a good one
 
can someone help me ?
 
11:52 AM
@AkivaWeinberger Hyperbolic spaces are weird. The H3 x E space near the end of the video is like many columns of cubes get stacked together, and the world rotates as you swing your head in circles
Hopefully they will get this idea further to visualise the more wild topologies and geometries, that would be fun to watch
 
@Secret To be technical, I'm not sure "topologies" is the right word (as those are all the same topology as regular 3-space)
 
O I am actually talking about different topologies and different geometries. That is, perhaps they will soon explore something that is euciedlian, but has a different topology, or both
and that will be fun to watch and help brought us intuition to some of these spaces
 
12:14 PM
What is difference between $\cos \theta$ and $\cosh \theta$?
$\left(\frac{e^{iA} + e^{-iA}}{2}\right)=\cos A$
$\left(\frac{e^{x} + e^{x}}{2}\right)=\cosh x$
What's difference? If $x=iA$ then $\cos A=\cosh x$ ?
 
12:27 PM
@Secret Ah. There's a computer program that lets you fly around in different compact 3-manifolds like 3-tori and 3-spheres.
Same guy has a bunch of stuff
 
tired
 
12:56 PM
Hi @Balarka
 
Hi @Alessandro
 
How is it going with your exams?
 
Had physics today. It went alright :)
Not looking forward to chemistry the day after tomorrow though
 
There's another one too, right?
 
Yes. Statistics.
Totally not worried about it
 
12:59 PM
Good
 

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