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00:50
@SirCumference I'm in a cosmology class right now.
@Phiteros Ok you know GR?
@SirCumference Some? I mean, I know how to use the Friedmann equations
@Phiteros Oh, perfect!
Ok two questions
@SirCumference Hit me
First, does the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ in the Einstein field equations and Friedmann equations refer to the dark energy density in the Universe?
Specifically, the amount of dark energy per unit volume?
00:59
Not quite; usually Lambda (capital Lambda) is defined as 8*piGrho_lambda
8 pi G rho_lambda
LaTeX plz
Does LaTeX work in the chat?
$\Lambda = 8 \pi G \rho_{\lambda}$
If you have the bookmark thingy or ChatJax++ that is
01:00
I do not have that.
so I just see it in the written out style
Most people use it
Not perfect and a tiny bit buggy, but it gets the job done
Lemme grab it
@Phiteros Main bug I see is that you might have to reload to see some of the equations you've just posted
Though other people's equations seem to generally show up without reloading
Anyway
01:02
ah, there we go
nice
@Phiteros What does $\rho_\lambda$ refer to?
@Phiteros You've been here for almost a year and ya never used it? o_0
Must've been a pain
$\rho_\lambda$ is a more classic energy density. I guess technically you can consider $\Lambda$ to be an energy density, but when we were working with the equations, we generally changed it to this form so that we could pull all of the constants out front and make a $\rho_{total}=\rho_m+\rho_r+\rho_\lambda$
@SirCumference I've been active ~ half a year, and I haven't gotten into a chat with a bunch of equations.
@Phiteros Okay, so what's the significance of using $\Lambda$? Why assign a variable to all that instead of writing out $8 \pi G \rho_{\lambda}$? After all, $\rho_\lambda$ seems to be the only especially important factor here
What does it represent?
I think that it's mostly a matter of convenience. Either way, the equation works the same, but using $\rho_\lambda$ allows you to manipulate it in ways that are similar to $\rho_m$ and $\rho_r$. As for what it represents, I'm not sure I could supply an adequate explanation. After all, we don't really know what dark energy is anyways.
@Phiteros All right
So next question
Does the Big Rip only happen in a universe where $\ddot{a} > 0$, or does it happen regardless of $\ddot{a}$ so long that $\rho < \rho_{\text{crit}}$?
01:14
$a$ here represents the scale factor? My professor used $R$.
@Phiteros Yeah, my prof used $R$ but my textbook used $a$
So we didn't use $\ddot{R}$ much. We did define a deceleration parameter as $q=\frac{-\ddot{R}(t_0)R(t_0)}{(\dot{R}(t_0)^2}$
And we worked with that as how the expansion is changing.
Wouldn't $\ddot{R}$ work just as well?
If $\ddot{R} > 0$, then $p < 0$, right?
I think? I'm really not sure, we didn't use $\ddot{R}$ apart from in $q$
Okay, well let's talk if $\dot{H} > 0$ or $q < 0$
Does that cause the Big Rip?
Wait, not sure about the $q$ part
Okay, if $\dot{H} > 0$?
01:26
So in my notes, I have that if you include $\Lambda$, $q_0 = \frac{\Omega_{m,0}}{2} - \Omega_{\Lambda,0}$
And if you look at the geometry, $\frac{c^2}{\mathscr{R}} = H^2(\Omega_m + \Omega_\Lambda - 1)$
@Phiteros Remind me what $\mathscr{R}$ is? I have it in my notes but forgot what it is
That's the radius of curvature
K good, wasn't entirely sure
Honestly, we didn't really talk very much about the Big Rip scenario.
@Phiteros Ok
Just one more question
01:32
But I think that as long as $q$ is negative, that means the expansion will be speeding up
In a universe where $\rho = \rho_{\text{crit}}$, is $\dot{H} = 0$ necessarily true?
So I wanna say that that is not the case
In my notes, I have that $\ddot{R}$ is still dependent on $R$
I think that you also have to specify that the universe is flat.
@Phiteros Wait, what's the formula relating $\ddot{R}$ with $R$?
Need to put that in my notes, can't find it tho
@Phiteros Wait, better phrasing. In a flat universe, are $\ddot{R} = 0$ and $p = 0$ necessarily true?
$\ddot{R} = -\frac{4}{3}\pi G R(\rho_m + \rho_r + \frac{3\rho_\Lambda}{c^2})$
@SirCumference what is $p$? Do you mean $\rho$?
@Phiteros I refer to the deceleration parameter
01:43
@SirCumference I don't think I can give you a definite answer, but it sounds like that might be correct.
@Phiteros All right, thanks a lot
On an unrelated topic, look what I got from Reddit Secret Santa this year:
https://www.redditgifts.com/gallery/gift/amazing-star-chart-watch/
2
It's not quite the Van Cleef Planetarium watch but it's really cool.
@Phiteros That's awesome
@SirCumference I'm just struggling to find the right gift for my person.
@Phiteros I don't have the money to take part :(
01:47
@SirCumference I usually limit myself to ~$20, but I still try to find them something they would like.
@Phiteros Wait does that watch show you where all the planets are in real time?
The Van Cleef watch? Yeah, it actually takes the full orbital period for the planet to go around.
@Phiteros That's so cool
I don't know if they set it so that they're in the correct relative positions, but I would assume that they do.
@Phiteros Aw :/
01:48
Matt Damon wore one to the Oscars when he was there for the Martian.
Hanukah and my birthday were coming up and I was going to subtly hint it to someone >_>
Yeah, the watch I got was from Amazon.
If you search "Planisphere watch", it'll come up
Anyways, I'm gonna go make dinner
ttyl
'Night
@Phiteros This is actually pretty crafty
02:16
@Phiteros That is amazing!
 
2 hours later…
03:53
And back to the blimp guy
I hope I got it right this time
I think that maybe he did'nt understood that speed and altitude are related in orbit :X
 
3 hours later…
07:01
Anyone currently in here who speaks more than one language?
@duzzy I can manage in Spanish
I only speak one language, but I want to learn another... and I'm curious about something.
Ask away
When you read/speak something in spanish, do you translate it and think of it in english, or do you directly associate the spanish words with what they represent?
@duzzy For the words I'm most familiar with and use most often, it's the latter
For the words I'm still learning or haven't used much, it's the former
07:03
Okay, cool. Thanks.
Np
@duzzy After you get very familiar with certain words, their meanings are just naturally in your head
That's what I was hoping for, but I've never known another language, so I wasn't sure what to expect.
It takes a lot of practice, but once you reach that point, you can speak quite fast
Yeah, I'm not expecting it to be a quick lesson, but I'm patient and I work hard. I've only started in the past week or so. :P
It's really exciting to learn a new language.
@duzzy Yep :)
Which are you learning?
07:07
Russian. :)
Which means I also have to learn a whole new alphabet. :P
Don't give up, it'll be worth it in the end
I won't be giving up. I'm very excited. I always enjoy learning, but every time I learn a new word, or how to pronounce something properly, it seems more fulfilling than learning a lot of other things.
 
6 hours later…
13:29
@duzzy You will find eventually that you'll be struggling to find English words that match the concept in the other language that you're thinking of.
13:46
@Antzi I'm beginning to wonder if I need to take further action there.
 
1 hour later…
15:15
@duzzy two. And a very basic knowledge of two more...
@called2voyage Well, the question aren't exactly duplicates; and i think he has a positive attitude, so right now I don't think we should do anything.
@duzzy In my case, for english I just understand without translating anything (even for the most obscure words).
@duzzy However, this is also the case for the two language I barely manage. I might need to use a dictionary, re read the sentence, or even fail completely, but I never really "translate" in my head.
Good luck with Russian anyway. It's quite difficult... Once you are good enough, Tolstoï, Dostoievsky and Gogol are must read :)
I'd put them in my top 5 :)
16:01
0
Q: Could you use a hypersonic space plane to fly into space?

sirmaxalot305Is it possible to use a hypersonic jet that goes at extreme speeds in the atmosphere, then once it's at a high altitude it points down to just above the horizon and speeds up. Then it flies by that point that was the horizon which it is now going up because earth is curved and its traveling in a ...

Considering the comments; OP wants a SSTO and this is the same as the other question.
It would be nice to have a comparison of this ascent vs a more straightforward one
 
4 hours later…
20:32
John Glenn has died.
3
20:44
@geoffc :-(
 
1 hour later…
21:56
@geoffc Oh no! What a legacy though.
22:28
@geoffc I just heard about this a few minutes ago while I was driving. It's really unfortunate, but he had an amazing life.
@duzzy Yes he did. A loss. But a life well lived.
@Antzi Thank you. This is what I was hoping for. I've never known another language, so I didn't know if it was normal for people to translate everything in their head to their native language, or if they just associated the words in other languages directly.
@Antzi and I'll look for those, as well.
@geoffc Yeah, absolutely.
It's kind of sad, but at the same time he did amazing things... so it's not as sad.
It's one of those times where it's better to celebrate their life than to mourn their death.
@duzzy And he was 90 something, so not like he died young.
@called2voyage I've seen people struggle with that sort of thing before. I'll be okay with it. I think it's kind of interesting that it's a thing, though.
@geoffc Yeah, 95, I believe.

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