An ordinal date is a calendar date typically consisting of a year and a day of the year ranging between 1 and 366 (starting on January 1), though year may sometimes be omitted. The two numbers can be formatted as YYYY-DDD to comply with the ISO 8601 ordinal date format. == Nomenclature == Ordinal date is the preferred name for what was formerly called the "Julian date" or JD, or JDATE, which still seen in old programming languages and spreadsheet software. The older names are deprecated because they are easily confused with the earlier dating system called Julian day number or JDN, which was in...

Rata Die (R.D.) is a system for assigning numbers to calendar days (optionally with time of day), independent of any calendar, for the purposes of calendrical calculations. It was named (after the Latin ablative feminine singular for "from a fixed date") by Howard Jacobson. The same system (including the same epoch) was used earlier, e.g., the REXX programming language since about 1980: The base date of 1 January 0001 is determined by extending the current Gregorian calendar backward (365 days each year, with an extra day every year that is divisible by 4 except century years that are not divisible...

A toast sandwich is a British sandwich made with two slices of bread in which the filling is a thin slice of toasted bread, which may be heavily buttered. An 1861 recipe says to add salt and pepper to taste. == Victorian recipe == A recipe for toast sandwiches is included in the invalid cookery section of the 1861 Book of Household Management by Isabella Beeton, who adds, "This sandwich may be varied by adding a little pulled meat, or very fine slices of cold meat, to the toast, and in any of these forms will be found very tempting to the appetite of an invalid." == 2011 publicity == In November...

William "Bill" Daniel Ehrhart (born September 30, 1948) is an American poet, writer, scholar and Vietnam veteran. Ehrhart has been called "the dean of Vietnam war poetry." Donald Anderson, editor of War, Literature & the Arts, said Ehrhart's Vietnam-Perkasie: A Combat Marine Memoir, is "the best single, unadorned, gut-felt telling of one American's route into and out of America's longest war." Ehrhart has been an active member of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW). He was a 1993 Pew Fellow in the Arts. == Life == Immediately upon graduating from high school in June 1966, Ehrhart joined the...

Huan Nguyen is a rear admiral in the United States Navy. During the Tet offensive of the Vietnam War, his whole family was killed. Aged nine at the time, he was shot thrice during the attack and stayed with his mother for two hours as she bled to death. In 2019, he became the highest ranking Vietnamese-American officer in the U.S. military when he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy. == References == This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Navy document: "Rear Admiral Huan Nguyen".

Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual. Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups, speaking for instance of actions for the good of the species. In the 1930s, R.A. Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane proposed the concept of kin selection, a form of altruism from the gene-centered view of evolution, arguing that animals should sacrifice for their relatives, and thereby...

Multiple theories regarding the origin of the name California, as well as the root language of the term, have been proposed, but most historians believe the name likely originated from a 16th-century novel, Las Sergas de Esplandián. The novel, popular at the time of the Spanish exploration of Mexico and the Baja California Peninsula, describes a fictional island named California, ruled by Queen Calafia, east of the Indies. The author of the novel, Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, also known as Ordóñez de Montalvo, is thought to have derived the term California from the Arabic Khalif and/or Khalifa...