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00:03
@Mitch ATP has three phosphates; it's very polar and can't diffuse into cells (for which it has to 'dissolve' into the lipid membrane of the cell to cross it) It needs to have a transporter to get inside cells, and there are none that I know of, and there probably never will be: Most antiviral drugs use a related strategy to have their effects magnified in the cell. See, this is how most antiviral drugs work:
They're molecules without phosphates that resemble the bases used in DNA and RNA. They diffuse into the cells, and are then converted into their nucleotide form (ribose + drug + 3 phosphates). The resulting compound is too polar and so is trapped inside cells, until the viral enzyme tries to polymerize viral DNA. They are then incorporated into viral DNA, but because they have a very high affinity to the viral enzyme compared to its normal substrates (ATP, GTP, CTP and TTP),
they stick to the viral polymerase enzyme and don't let go.
Now if your drug has an affinity for the human RNA or DNA polymerases, it becomes an anticancer drug instead. It prevents cancer cell DNA and RNA from being formed.
If you're wondering about adenosine itself, it's the phosphate bonds that are "high energy". Adenosine itself is a whole different beast: It slows conduction in the heart, so it's a drug used for some emergency arrhythmias. It binds adenosine receptors on vessel walls, cardiac cells etc. It's also very rapidly metabolized, it has the lowest half-life of any drug that I know of: 10 seconds.
@CowperKettle the metabolic acidosis caused by them can be dangerous if it's not in a totally healthy person. Glucose, like ATP above, is polar, and can't diffuse into cells without a transporter. In diabetics the transporters are dysfunctional, so glucose stays in the blood instead of entering cells. The cells use lipids, which forms ketone bodies, and they're often acidic, lowering blood pH. This lower pH is what causes diabetic coma, it depresses the central nervous system overall.
Hence the only place where ketogenic diets are proven to be superior to other diets is in epileptic patients. The acidosis caused by ketone bodies increases the seizure threshold, prevents neurons from rapid firing.
00:36
@Mitch If you want to get rid of ATP and lose some weight, do I have the drug for you:
2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It has been used in explosives manufacturing and as a pesticide and herbicide. In humans, DNP causes dose-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling, causing the rapid loss of ATP as heat and leading to uncontrolled hyperthermia—up to 44 °C (111 °F)—and death in case of overdose. Researchers noticed its effect on raising the basal metabolic rate in accidental exposure and developed it as one of the first weight loss drugs in the early twentieth century. DNP was banned from human use by the end of the 1930s due...
@CowperKettle There's pretty solid evidence that people with left-wing political beliefs have higher rates of mental illness. Maybe that's related.
Anyway, my new diet involves mitochondrial uncoupling agents.
01:07
@alphabet did you notice that little thing about uncontrolled hyperthermia?
@M.A.R. huh. That's interesting how some chemicals can go in and out (sodium? Potassium? In special pumps?) And others just don't (like you said ATP).
I still think the pharms should -advdrtise- using 'ATP gives you wings'
@CowperKettle people like that I want to punch in the face
@jlliagre Oh.
Oh you said that.
01:23
@Mitch I should have added haults (archaic hauts) to the list of words pronounced /o/ :-)
@Mitch I'll take the heat for it
01:40
Wordle 883 4/6

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01:51
False friend of the day: candide (naïve or ingenuous).
@jlliagre that's a good one. I had no idea.
But also it's the genus name for a yeast Infection
@Mitch Candidose?
We also call that disease muguet (lily of the valley).
Rootl game #171

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03:06
@jlliagre candida
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any type of Candida (a type of yeast). When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. Other symptoms may include soreness and problems swallowing. When it affects the vagina, it may be referred to as a yeast infection or thrush. Signs and symptoms include genital itching, burning, and sometimes a white "cottage cheese-like" discharge from the vagina. Yeast infections of the penis are less common and typically present with an itchy rash...
@M.A.R. Thank you! It's still hard to understand for me why it's not lethal in a healthy person. Maybe insulin could be used to metabolize ketones?
@jlliagre I know there's a famous book of that title, but I never read it.
 
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05:39
I get 40 631 600 on the calculator.
Must be the flat area enclosed by a circle with the radius 6470000
06:02
GPT is just flat out wrong, on a simple mathematical aequation.
And it just gives a very wrong distance for the Earth's circumference.
@alphabet nom nom cyanide
@CowperKettle because compared to a diabetic person, 1) the kidneys are much more adept at maintaining acid-base balance, and 2) there is less acid overall to get rid of.
06:18
@M.A.R. Thank you!
I've been meaning to start on lamotrigine, and if that does not stop my quaint sensations in the left parts of the body, then go on to have myself a trial of the keto diet.
But I'm afraid to start on an anticonvulsant.
06:52
> The United Arab Emirates has launched the Al Dhafra solar farm – now the world’s largest single-site solar farm. The 2-gigawatt (GW) facility is 22 miles (35 km) from Abu Dhabi and features almost 4 million bifacial solar panels.
This is wow.
Though in reality it will probably produce the same amount as a 1 GW nuclear reactor, at best, per year.
 
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07:59
Wordle 882 4/6

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09:54
Candide, ou l'Optimisme ( kon-DEED, French: [kɑ̃did] ) is a French satire written by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, first published in 1759. The novella has been widely translated, with English versions titled Candide: or, All for the Best (1759); Candide: or, The Optimist (1762); and Candide: Optimism (1947). It begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life in an Edenic paradise and being indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism by his mentor, Professor Pangloss. The work describes the abrupt cessation of this lifestyle, followed by Candide's slow and painful...
Quote of the day, year Timeless quote: Ceux qui peuvent vous faire croire à des absurdités peuvent vous faire commettre des atrocités. (Anyone who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities)
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10:15
@jlliagre Great quote
11:24
Interesting test
I did really badly on the "attention" part, unsurprisingly.
11:48
Judge Olgya Demyasheva (on the left picture) was recommended for promotion on the next day after she sentenced Sasha Skochilenko to 7 years of jail for anti-war price tags.
@alphabet Maybe you should try some ADHD drugs? or Milnacipran?
@CowperKettle I have ADHD, and, after trying many different meds, they only kinda help. So the score was unsurprising.
12:06
@CowperKettle That is a pretty bad-ass T-shirt to wear to a court hearing over anti-war protests.
 
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13:15
Posted on Sports - but perhaps it could be considered a question about etymology: Why are assists in basketball called "dimes"?
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13:52
 
1 hour later…
15:10
India is about to lose Cricket World Cup final. Despite India being far stronger team, Australia is likely going to win.
If India would win, it could have been a good thing for Modi as the match is being played in Modi stadium.
France had its largest soccer victory yesterday night, 14-0 against the modest Gibraltar team.
Inda was so strong this world cup that I was going to post a message here predicting that we are going to win easily. But my gut feeling told me "don't do it" as people would call me dumb today.
I had made right decision.
15:49
If people change political affiliations based on cricket matches, that's pretty bad also
16:04
Wordle 883 5/6

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Raccoons protest for Gaza ceasefire
We have a peace proposal
Raccoons will live in Gaza tunnels
To inspect and monitor them
And steal food
Mostly the food part
16:21
@user726941 you are at 4999.
@Vikas 4999 of what?
ok thnx
I used to be very excited about my rank. So I would notice such things.
16:51
Modi presented cup to winning Australian captain.
17:25
@jlliagre very modest. Extremely modest.
18:07
@EdwinAshworth A detailed answer containing a frame challenge to the proposition that one “must never” place a comma before the word and when it joins two predicates sharing the same subject (“We are not supposed to use commas when a second verb has the same subject as an earlier one”) would be most welcome here, and might even come to be canonical. I searched out site, but I was unable to find a suitable canonical duplicate. So I've linked a few related questions instead. I don't know for certain no such suitable canonical duplicate currently exists; I merely failed to find one. — tchrist ♦ 34 secs ago
I spent more than a half-hour looking for a good existing answer contradicting this presumption, but did not find any which I liked enough. But searching nearly any substantive work of literature or criticism turns up innumerable examples where a comma does indeed on occasion precede that and, all of which would be worse without it. I wish proofreading software and high school composition teachers would stop spreading such nonesense.
I used the simple-minded text-matching pattern /, (?:and|or) (?!(?:as|thus|his|this|its)\b)\p{lower}+[sd]\b/ to find many such examples in a variety of works. They're pretty much everywhere in written English. There are many more cases than this shows due to its simplicity of construction and lack of understanding of actual grammar involved.
> Fox News has established itself, and thrived.
> It is an argument that fixes its attention on the forms of human conversation, and postulates that how we are obliged to conduct such conversations will have the strongest possible influence on what ideas we can conveniently express.
I would say it is the other way around: if you have two full clauses, you normally need a comma.
No, these aren't a different subject
Like in "I shut the door and locked it quickly".
If you have ellipsis, you normally don't use a comma because of the syntax, but you may add one to emphasise a pause, or to facilitate parsing.
Yes.
That's definitely what's going on here.
But such commata are to be dispensed with discretion.
So a warning against them is not unreasonable in general.
18:18
That, too. It's a matter of auctorial intent and voice.
So the rule of thumb is OK, I think.
Yes, but people don't realize it's a rule of thumb and not some law of English grammar.
> Their partnership overwhelmed the Age of Exposition, and laid the foundation for the Age of Show Business.
@tchrist As usual.
> But the foresighted among the nation's publishers were quick to see where the future lay, and committed their full resources to the wiring of the continent.
Fine examples.
18:21
They're all Neil Postman. He knew how to write.
> Television, of course, does exactly that, and does it relentlessly.
> The Tiassa turned back to his task then, and drew his sword. He found a spot to
make the corner, and lowered his blade to begin drawing the line. He was
interrupted, then, by a low, soft voice near him: "No, not your sword."
> Khaavren swallowed, and pushed two silver orbs into the center of the table. The
Dzur had already done so. Aerich passed him the coins, and Khaavren gathered
them clumsily into his hand. He licked his lips, and tossed the coins half a meter into
the air. They hit with the high, tinkling sound of light copper, two of them showing
orbs and one showing the throne, the same as Aerich's.
> The stalk is pale green, and rises to the height of a man's knee.
> The smallest boy I ever conversed with,
carrying the largest baby I ever saw, offered a supernaturally
intelligent explanation of the locality in its old uses, and was very
nearly correct. How this young Newton (for such I judge him to be) came
by his information, I don’t know; he was a quarter of a century too
young to know anything about it of himself. I pointed to the window of
the room where Little Dorrit was born, and where her father lived so
long, and asked him what was the name of the lodger who tenanted that
> The little man obeyed his orders, and stood ready to give him a lighted
match; for he was now rolling his tobacco into cigarettes by the aid of
little squares of paper which had been brought in with it.
> His eye happening to light upon John Baptist with this inquiry, that
little man briskly shook his head in the negative, and repeated in an
argumentative tone under his breath, altro, altro, altro, altro--an
infinite number of times.
Dickens.
> He passed on out of sight, and unlocked and unbarred a low door in the
corner of the chamber. ‘Now,’ said he, as he opened it and appeared
within, ‘come out.’
> Sometimes a face would appear behind the dingy
glass of a window, and would fade away into the gloom as if it had seen
enough of life and had vanished out of it.
@M.A.R. Hey, don't disparage France achievement! Gibraltar is a major football country, with a better ranking than Liechteinstein, Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican and the Falkland islands, to name a few! ;-)
> Other arrangements could be devised according to the tastes or views of those who like allegory or topical reference. But I cordially dislike allegory in all its manifestations, and always have done so since I grew old and wary enough to detect its presence. I much prefer history, true or feigned, with its varied applicability to the thought and experience of readers.
> But in the days of Bilbo, and of Frodo his heir, they suddenly became, by no wish of their own, both important and renowned, and troubled the counsels of the Wise and the Great.
> The Harfoots had much to do with Dwarves in ancient times, and long lived in the foothills of the mountains. They moved westward early, and roamed over Eriador as far as Weathertop while the others were still in the Wilderland. They were the most normal and representative variety of Hobbit, and far the most numerous. They were the most inclined to settle in one place, and longest preserved their ancestral habit of living in tunnels and holes.
> In the end, gathering his courage, he leaped over Gollum in the dark, and fled away down the passage, pursued by his enemy's cries of hate and despair: Thief, thief! Baggins! We hates it for ever!
Gollum's pronouns: they/them
> No one had a more attentive audience than old Ham Gamgee, commonly known as the Gaffer. He held forth at The Ivy Bush, a small inn on the Bywater road; and he spoke with some authority, for he had tended the garden at Bag End for forty years, and had helped old Holman in the same job before that.
Here's one before "or":
> A notice appeared on the gate at Bag End: no admittance except on party business. Even those who had, or pretended to have Party Business were seldom allowed inside. Bilbo was busy: writing invitations, ticking off answers, packing up presents, and making some private preparations of his own. From the time of Gandalf’s arrival he remained hidden from view.
> The Red Witch calls for her Chariot of Ten, and orders her cloak of gold.
> He abdicated as Lord of Life and Death, and retreated beyond the Middle Worlds.
> How many of you have entered the programmed boudoir, to have enormous issues raised and settled, and found that time passes so rapidly? Precisely.
> “Pity,” he says, and repeats the Possibly Proper Death Litany.
> Those few steps we took
upon the whited path rise before me now: It was cold and growing colder; we had no light, and fog had begun to roll
in from Gyoll in earnest. A few birds had come to roost in the pines and cypresses, and flapped uneasily from tree to
tree.
> I was caught in a hundred nets at
once. My eyes were open, but I could see nothing - only the black web of the roots. I swam, and could feel that
though my arms and legs moved among their millions of fine tendrils, my body did not. I grasped them by the
handful and tore them apart, but when I had torn them I was immobilized as ever.
> "I'm sorry," I said. "I didn't hear you." The smile came again and she tilted her lovely head to one side. "I told you
how happy I was to see your face, and asked if you would bring my meals in the future, and what this was you
brought me."
So many unbreakable laws broken in these texts that one hardly knows where to start issuing citations.
> I did not see what she meant, and said nothing.
> I clasped Terminus Est as I had the false sword at my elevation, and lifted her above my head, taking care not to strike the ceiling. She shifted as though I wrestled a serpent.
> "Here, Master Carnifex," the old man said to me, "I'll make you a light." He puffed at a bit of punk until it was
bright enough to ignite a stub of candle. The room was small, and held no furniture but a bed. In it, asleep on his
side (as it appeared) with his back toward us and his legs drawn up, was the largest man I had ever seen - a man who
might fairly have been called a giant.
> He darted out the door, and was back in a moment carrying an ironwood walking stick with a gilt-brass knob.
Doubtless all those come from before the software bugs were fixed that would have prevented their publication.
> Yet ever as they listened they came to deeper understanding, and increased in unison and harmony.
> Therefore when they beheld them, the more did they love them, being things other than themselves, strange and free, wherein they saw the mind of Ilúvatar reflected anew, and learned yet a little more of his wisdom, which otherwise had been hidden even from the Ainur.
> Manwë has no thought for his own honour, and is not jealous of his power, but rules all to peace.
> And the host of the Teleri passed over the Misty Mountains, and crossed the wide lands of Eriador, being urged on by Elwë Singollo, for he was eager to return to Valinor and the Light that he had beheld; and he wished not to be sundered from the Noldor, for he had great friendship with Finwë their lord.
> She went then to the gardens of Lórien and lay down to sleep; but though she seemed to sleep, her spirit indeed departed from her body, and passed in silence to the halls of Mandos.
> There they dwelt, and if they wished they could see the light of the Trees, and could tread the golden streets of Valmar and the crystal stairs of Tirion upon Túna, the green hill; but most of all they sailed in their swift ships on the waters of the Bay of Elvenhome, or walked in the waves upon the shore with their hair gleaming in the light beyond the hill.
> For Fëanor began to love the Silmarils with a greedy love, and grudged the sight of them to all save to his father and his seven sons; he seldom remembered now that the light within them was not his own.
> Then Fingolfin said: 'I will release my brother.' But Fëanor spoke no word in answer, standing silent before the Valar. Then he turned and left the council, and departed from Valmar.
Not idly fall the commas upon these texts. These are not errors. They are deliberate acts.
> But as they came above him they wheeled and flew suddenly down, and alighted with a great plash and churning of water.
If you remove this one, you'll break the parse:
> Then Tuor spoke, and feared no longer.
> This is a story of how a
Baggins had an adventure, and found himself doing and saying things
altogether unexpected.
> Then they went back, and found Thorin with his
feet on the fender smoking a pipe.
> “To think it will soon be June!” grumbled Bilbo, as he splashed along
behind the others in a very muddy track. It was after tea-time; it was
pouring with rain, and had been all day; his hood was dripping into his
eyes, his cloak was full of water; the pony was tired and stumbled on
stones; the others were too grumpy to talk.
I do know that we browbeat children with poor marks in our schools if they do these things. So of course they are scandalized to see respected writers committing such transgressive acts.
19:30
The point of commas is to mark changes in pitch contour (which are sometimes accompanied by pauses). The "comma rules" are just attempts to describe where these occur.
You are not referring to syntax at all?
The changes in pitch contour often reflect syntactic features; commas depend on syntax but only indirectly.
There can be two reasons to use commas: syntax, and a less exact reflection of pause in pronouncing the sentence.
Sometimes, the two are in conflict.
Usually, they supplement each other.
In the past, the role of syntax was very small and that of pronuciation/pause great.
Nowadays, syntax is much more important than before.
19:48
Usually not an actual pause (though it may sound like one); more often it's a sudden shift in pitch.
We don't put commas around arbitrary syntactic constituents, only those typically associated with prosodic changes.
Compare: "Frankly, I don't care" but "Often I don't care"
 
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1 hour later…
23:04
I feel like I'm ahead of the curve. I already had "trouble remembering, concentrating or making decisions."
23:39
@CowperKettle That website also had the RAADS test:
I've never been formally diagnosed, but perhaps I should be.
My brain is weird.
Perhaps the test wasn't designed for raccoons, though.
My special interest is trash. Before I eat it, I sort it all by color and texture.
Apparently PETA has claimed that milk causes autism (yes, really)
So perhaps my all-milk diet is a factor

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