04:20
@user170039 I suppose one way to think about it is this: if L and R were in fact inverses, we'd have natural equivalences $L\circ R\simeq 1_C$ and $R\circ L\simeq 1_D$. In my experience in category theory, one way to take some kind of structure/data/whatever and weaken it is to replace equivalences with maps just going in one direction or the other (e.g. monoidal to lax monoidal), so maybe this is what people mean by "weak inverse." I don't know.
I'm not sure what the "big picture" behind adjoint functors would be. There are lots of ways, I think, to conceptualize them (e.g. free/forgetful, their relationship to monads, extension/restriction of algebraic structure, "weak mutual inverses" etc.), but I don't have a sense of any of these ways as being some globally "correct" way to think about the structure of adjunctions.
Ultimately, I think, they're useful and that's kind of something that's best understood from a bottom-up, looking at examples point of view.