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01:00 - 21:0021:00 - 00:00

01:24
The article is about "cow's milk" versus "cows' milk". But what's wrong with "cow milk", compare to "goat milk"?
This issue comes up often on grammar forums. :)
One of the commentators suggested exactly that: "cow milk".
Another commentator mentions: "goat cheese" and "grass stains".
 
1 hour later…
02:47
@snailboat Hehe. I dropped my verb!
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. It's okay. I verb stuff all the time. That one's natural for me. In fact, I'm certain I've said things like "Japanesing" dozens of times :-)
@DamkerngT. Ya like Japanese, eh? Here's something Japanese: youtube.com/watch?v=kmCHSEVav4o
Anonymous
@F.E. Oh, I saw that trailer! But not the movie
Anonymous
Nemureru there is archaic and actually means nemurete iru
Yeah, I've seen the movie 3 times now. I'm going to see it again, mainly for the "curse scene" when Maleficent lays down that curse on the baby Aurora--it's one of the best scenes in the movie actually. :)
Anonymous
02:53
Oh, is it good? I thought from your discussion earlier that it might not have been
Anonymous
I saw it when I was looking through Disney Japan's YouTube channel for Frozen videos not too long ago :-)
Though, the cuts of the "curse scene" that they show in the trailers are bad, make the movie look poorly, imo. But in the movie, the actually scene was quite powerful!
@F.E. That clip is nice. Thanks!
@snailboat The movie grows on you. :D
@DamkerngT. It wasn't for free. Now send money! You seen it, now pay! . . . Wait, I sound like cable TV.
Can I send it like this?
[money]
Anonymous
02:55
@DamkerngT. The title of the earlier 眠れる森の美女 "Sleeping Beauty" is a good example of a couple bits of Japanese grammar
Anonymous
Relative clauses, cross-linguistically, can attach high or low
@snailboat I ran into this の problem already!
I went to see the move the 2nd time in order to see how many times Maleficent called Aurora "Beast" or "Beastie".
Anonymous
In English, we tend to attach low; in Japanese, we tend to attach high
02:56
@DamkerngT. We only accept $USA.
I'm not sure what AのB should mean A of B or B of A. I guess it's usually B's A. :D
@F.E. USD [money] <-- I guess this is better. :P
Anonymous
Here, we have nemureru "sleeping" and mori no bijo (lit. "beauty of the forest")
Anonymous
There are two ways it could attach: [ nemureru mori ] no bijo, lit. "beauty of the sleeping forest"
Anonymous
Or nemureru [ mori no bijo ] (lit. "sleeping [ beauty of the forest ]")
Anonymous
Japanese prefers the latter sort of relative attachment
02:58
Ahh... late-binding!
Anonymous
It's called "high" attachment because, if you draw a syntax tree, it attaches at a higher point (to the entire phrase mori no bijo, not to the lower constituent mori)
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. A of B is generally not possible. "A's B" or "B of A" are
Anonymous
But it's easier to talk about the role of function words with examples.
Anonymous
わたしの たまご watasi-no tamago "my egg" cannot mean *"the egg's me"
03:14
In writing, like a scene in a novel, we usually follow the guideline of "rule of three's"--so as to not be too repetitious. But for the movie, I think they needed to establish Maleficent's attitude toward Aurora, her dislike and hatred (at first), and that would have been supported by Maleficent referring to Aurora as "Beast" many times. But there were only two of them. Then there was a term "Beastie", and then the 2nd time that term was used was at the end, after the "kiss scene".
That's the main reason why I went to see the move the 2nd time: to count the occurrences of "beast/beastie".
Oh, there was one thing I noticed at the end of the "curse scene"--at the end, Maleficent twirls around and leaves. That is the end of scene. But, if you think about it, you then wonder how Maleficent was going to WALK out of the king's great hall and out of the castle after having laid down a curse on the baby? Surely the king's men would all attack her. . . . .
Yeah, they needed more scenes where Maleficent is being BAD. Yup, yup. Her doing bad things to people. Yes, Tiger would like to see that.
03:50
@F.E. lol
 
2 hours later…
05:22
yawn . . . (licks paw) . . . (scratches behind ear) . . . scratch, scratch
@F.E. You only lick your paw?
Buddy, you have so much to learn.
@Cerberus Who are you? How old are you? Twelve?
@F.E. Yes...
@Cerberus Well, I'm not.
05:40
Tsk so mature.
05:53
Licks, scratches, claws, chomps. These are what cats do. (I should know; I live with one of them. :)
@DamkerngT. Isn't it?
@Sawarnik It looks like so. :D
@DamkerngT. I meant their stares are scary.
Sometimes. It depends on their mood at the moment. :D
06:22
@DamkerngT. Don't they mess up the kitchen?
They probably do. Mine does! He also likes to scratch on my legs. :(
yawn . . .
@DamkerngT. lol ... Once some stray cat in my house took out milk from the fridge, drank half and spilled the rest all over the kitchen!
Anonymous
Wow! How'd they get the fridge open? :-)
On the/a LOL cat site, they had a picture of a staircase going down to the cellar, at night. Very little light. A pair of cat eyes were staring up, from a spot half-way down the stairs. You know that if the guy had gone down the stairs, he'd likely have tripped over the cat and broken his neck. It was an amazing picture. Of course, I didn't bookmark it. :(
I think they were doing "evil cat" series of pictures then.
07:30
A user posted a question about CGEL! ell.stackexchange.com/q/26696/3281
Oh, probably a different CGEL.
@DamkerngT. Right, that's the 1985 Quirk et al. reference grammar.
I might glance at the OP's question.
08:00
@DamkerngT. I gave a quick glance at the OP's question and at the two tables. (You know, the 1985 Quirk et al. book is relatively cheap, at around $100 USA.) The two tables are basically summarizing the pronoun info for those sections. Their terminology is sorta confusing (to me), as that 1985 reference grammar has a lot of traditional grammar terminology (and concepts) in it still.
The OP might want to specify a part of it that they would want explained by an answerer.
Yeah, Quirk et al.'s terminology (e.g. "assertive" vs "nonassertive") would take me a while to, er, translate, and that would probably end up messing up my understanding of the framework in Huddleston and Pullum et al.'s CGEL--and I don't want to do that.
I guess those who have this CGEL could answer it. I bet that the book defines the terms.
Maybe someone could be nice and edit the OP's title (e.g. "grammar").
@DamkerngT. Er, yes, I do have a copy of that book. And the terminology is defined, in other sections, which would involve some reading. Perhaps the OP could be more specific as to what they are actually wanting to know. . . .
For the tables seem to be rather self-explanatory--to me, anyway. And so, maybe the OP's question could be more specific.
It's also rather difficult to guess the English skill level of the OP. I mean, it looks like they already knew what pronouns and determiners are; they might even already know about indefinite pronouns. They could be an ESL teacher, even.
The 2nd table even has the referenced sections identified in that table!
@DamkerngT. Tiger too lazy to attempt to try to explain those two tables. Tiger soon take nap. :)
08:17
That's quite understandable. -- looking at the clock
The OP probably should explain what it is about those tables that is confusing to them.
Yeah, 3 AM. Though I did get some real work done today. A half-hour of constructive edits. Read a few pages in CGEL--Tiger on page 83 now. :)
Oh, do you know that the first 2 chapters of CGEL (the 2002 one) is free on line? No USA dollars. :)
Yep. I've downloaded them, though haven't read them yet. :)
@DamkerngT. They were downloadable?
Yes, they're in the PDF format.
Those two chapters had more good info in them than any other grammar book (for those number of pages), imo.
. . . yawn . . . . Tiger take nap . . .
08:24
Have a nice nap!
08:50
is there any difference b/w clime and climate?
I've never used climate. Perhaps that's the difference. :P
I'm done reviewing and commenting questions on ELL today. I caught up! Also, I made a handful of typos and questionable sentences (from the grammatical point of view). Too lazy to fix them. :P
 
2 hours later…
10:31
@snailboat Don't know! ... maybe it has some genetic mutation!
@DamkerngT. English is boring...
11:25
@DamkerngT. are you in chat?
@jimsug I just saw the ping.
Yeah, I'm curious about as she did it
because it doesn't really do much there...
did is a pro-VP, standing for screamed as loud as she could
I think we agree on the meaning, and maybe the parsing too.
I don't know if it actually means it ("Kyle")
I think it's likely to refer to that "Kyle!".
11:28
> ... as she screamed Kyle.
Well, problem is
> as she did.
> as she did it.
I'm having trouble trying to elicit the difference between these two.
If the author wrote it as as she did, I would read it as ellipsis.
I'm almost sure there is none.
Practically none. -- nods
What if it had instead said:
> She screamed as loud as she could, praying inside as she did it.
Hi, I am back.
11:29
@ZhanlongZheng Hello!
Hey! :)
I have edited my previous Q. Would you plz edit your answer accordingly @jimsug
@jimsug It sounds a little odd.
> She walked in the park, whispering as she did it.
BTW, did you receive my email? @DT
@ZhanlongZheng I'm sorry, I haven't checked my mailbox for a few days already.
@jimsug Hmm... The only way to make sense of it is to think of the whole activity as "it".
11:32
eh, you are not a emailphilia :)
yeah, that's the issue; both did and it can refer to the entire VP.
@ZhanlongZheng This one? StoneyB sure is taking his time with that answer :P
3
Q: My understanding of "could"

Zhanlong Zheng I could play with my dear friends tomorrow at the seaside. Unfortunately, my sister happened to fall ill. I'll have to break my promise and stay at home to take care of her. I could play with my dear friends tomorrow at the seaside, but this all depends on whether my mom will allow me to....

@ZhanlongZheng Looks like I'm not. :) I just checked my mailbox and saw your mail. Thanks!
The interesting thing about could in _You could have told me you were getting married, for instance, is that it relies on a whole bunch of assumptions.
You could have told me you were getting married
\> But you didn't.
Good, hope you enjoy Ballard.
11:36
\> and I'm displeased that you didn't tell me.
maybe the speaker is her ex :)
@ZhanlongZheng I think I will. :D
@ZhanlongZheng Or his. :D
I'm looking at that first sentence, and the more I look at it, the less sense it makes in the present tense.
> I could play with my dear friends tomorrow at the seaside. Unfortunately, but my sister sister happened to fall ill. I'll have to break my promise and stay at home looking after her to take care of her.
> I could have played with my dear friends tomorrow at the seaside. Unfortunately, but my sister sister happened to fall ill. I'll have to break my promise and stay at home looking after her to take care of her.
Also, unfortunately, but doesn't work.
11:39
I think I didn't contrive it well
What about this: "You could ask before you borrow my car. " I cannot conceive its context.
I guess the original version (iirc) would sound quite okay, if it was fixed by changing to could have played.
(Though I think it's not a good idea to change example sentences in questions.)
> You could have asked before you ate my dessert
(But you didn't)
(And I'm unhappy, because I wanted my dessert)
But it's "You could ask", not could have
Using that as a criticism works because otherwise, it seems like a pointless observation.
@ZhanlongZheng The way I understand it, the asking still doesn't happen.
11:42
If it's something that occurs regularly.
Say I have a housemate that always has long showers in the morning.
Ahh... Habitual reading is possible too.
"You could ask before locking yourself in there for an hour!"
I imagine the speaker is stopping the other from taking his car.
why not "You should ask before locking yourself in there for an hour!"?
i think it's easier to understand
It's about judging.
I think one of your questions has got an answer that mentions judging.
Btw, I read Leech, Geoffrey N. 2004. Meaning and the English Verb this afternoon. I think it outdoes PEU a lot. I will keep reading it and try some of his other works. Soon I guess I can figure it out.
11:50
@ZhanlongZheng interestingly, my answer doesn't change much; added a bit about implicatures (which I don't actually name as such, since it's highly contested amongst semanticians)
@ZhanlongZheng It might make you feel that, because it tries to explain the subtle cases clearly and put things in a framework of linguists. However, I guess that once you finish reading it, you will find that it agrees with everything PEU says.
@jimsug I wonder why you didn't put your 'could have played' point in your answer. I think other visitors would feel confused. FumbleFingers did mention that in his comments.
The problem is PEU says things concisely (maybe too concisely). It simplifies things a lot, cause it was designed for learners.
Oh yeah, forgot about that... got caught up in social context :P
I didn't say it does not agree with PEU. Leech's works are very easy to understand even for a novice.
That's the merit!
11:56
I knew. I felt something similar too when I read Aspect.
Hmm... probably Aspects.
(I can't really remember the title of the book.)
@ZhanlongZheng "very easy to understand even for a novice" -- I still wonder about this part, though. :D
I guess learners need details. Everytime I get interested in some part of PEU, it says goodbye to me.
Different learners need different things, I think.
even a layman can understand his works well.
There is a recent question on ELL asking about graded reading. It made me think of the reading skills a bit more seriously. I mean, how much do we need to know before we can really read a book written entirely in our L2?
At that point, chances are, we already knew too much.
12:06
L2 ~ second language
How much is too much?
(It's a typical term in this kind of books.)
It takes me less than a day to read each of the Harry Potter books in English. But...
My "too much" means much enough that too many incorrect patterns were already mended into our mind.
It took me about a week to read the first book in French.
12:07
How fast you are!
That was very quick. I remember that I had to spend the whole week to get through the first five pages of the first English book I read.
Well.
I guessed some of it.
Some of it made no sense when I guessed. For example, wand
I guess that it's very different form the one in English. :D
I remember I had difficulty in reading English magazine when I was at university.
I couldn't read Student's Weekly, even though obviously it was for students.
12:11
@DamkerngT. Let's just say that when you read baguette, you don't think wand
articles from mag and papers are much harder than textbooks.
Ahh
@ZhanlongZheng It depends, I guess. But I think I agree with you.
Also, I'd never have made it through if I'd looked everything up - French has a whole different system for verb conjugation in writing.
@jimsug baguette means nothing to me. (Probably just a French sounding word.)
Baguettes.
12:13
Ahh... I might have eaten some of them when I traveled Europe. :D
I have a vocabulary of 10,000 but I still feel difficult to read some serious articles, even some comments in Amazon.com.
How old are you? @DT
Also, internet language is a lot more casual
and so it's probably filled with slang and non-standard forms, which is frustrating for learners.
I would say that my last 1.5 years on English have about the same value of 25 years before that in total.
nods
I think vocab is probably not the most difficult things. I think it's the senses of those first 10,000 words.
Particularly, the first 1,000 ones.
Things like get, make, be, should, will, ...
But typically, we count each of them as a word, and ignore their combinations.
me too, thx to ELL.
12:19
I know that I've been improved a lot since I joined ELL.
I'm 26. I started learning English when I was 11 at the middle school.
I need a FLL :P
Actually, not so much now.
I wish I could learn Chinese (probably Mandarin) soon some day. Maybe next year. :D
@jimsug Hehe. How long have you learned French?
But like other asian countries, our education is exam-oriented, so we don't really understand English even though we got high marks.
@DamkerngT. I did four years in school, one and a half years in university... that was three years ago.
12:24
Chinese is a totally different ball game.
@ZhanlongZheng I got a free pass (meaning, I don't have to enter the standard English class) in my university days. See, they tested us, and I was one of their top 10%. And I know that that was amount to almost nothing. I mean my English wasn't really good. Far from it. Shame on me.
@jimsug And you can read a French book in just a week! Neat!
@ZhanlongZheng I look at Chinese characters and I don't know how I could remember them. :D
I mean, there are a lot of them!
much less than English. :)
4000 is enough.
Eh, I think English has only 26 letters, and Chinese has, I don't know, half a million of them?
Ahh...
That's reassuring. :D
English graphemes and Chinese ideograms aren't comparable in that way.
I agree. The variations in Chinese are very confusing.
12:29
Man_From_India seems to be going through his own book :P
A novel about Kyle, I think. :P
@jimsug I thought of prohibition too. :)
forbiddance seemed ridiculously archaic/stilted/formal/unidiomatic.
nods -- I don't like the way it sounds like. I don't know why.
I'm probably just biased because I've never heard it used before.
looking it up...
12:40
I mean, I know what it means just by looking at it, and I'm not surprised it's a word, but I think that that's literally the first time I've ever seen that used.
As I guessed, it's not listed in Macmillan Dictionary.
It seems to be a word:
It uses very productive morphology, but I wonder how often it's actually used?
nods -- I usually use Macmillan for such a test. I think Macmillan (which is designed for learners) doesn't include rare words.
Macmillan comes with a three-star system (three stars mean very frequent). prohibition has one star. forbiddance wasn't included (my spelling checker also flags it).
58 in GLoWBE, none in COCA, and 10 in BNC
Out of nearly 2.5billion words, there are less than 60 occurrences...
13:00
My first thought was falter. — snailplane 42 mins ago
Weird. My first thought was falter too.
Yeah. fade seemed odd, to me.
Oh, Collins defines then again as "on the other hand"? Weird.
It's the only definition of it that makes sense... "then" + "again" as separate words doesn't really work.
> [then/there again](http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/again#then-there-again) [mainly spoken]
used for introducing a statement that makes what you have just said seem less true, or that is the opposite of what you have just said
I guess Macmillan works much better for learners.
Ah, right - that's what you mean.
replacing one idiom with another doesn't really help :P
13:04
nods :D
13:47
0
Q: What is this? Is this an idiom?

user8153What does this mean? He always makes the day and brings on the night, when things take a turn for the worse.

Potentially, a sockpuppet.
user116848
@DamkerngT. Hi there:)
user116848
Can we have a small grammar Q&A??
Hi! I'm a little busy. I might help a little if it's an easy question. Others can help you too. :D
user116848
So should I ask here or at ELU chat? Your call?
ELU might be better at the moment. :D
user116848
13:56
np
user116848
So you busy doing what? If you don't mind me asking
I'm moving data between machines. :D
user116848
Yay
It's not a difficult task, but I don't want to lose any parts of the data. :D
 
2 hours later…
15:42
Hmm... Do we need to become a linguist before we can master our second language?
0
Q: Confusion about adjunct and complement

Amit JokiIn my recently concluded test, I was asked to identify the sentence pattern of this sentence: It stands tall I split it as: It | stands | tall S V A For me, "tall" is an additional information and if removed, the sentence still makes sense to me. However, my teacher marked i...

I mean I'm sure that I can't analyze some patterns in my first language. (Probably virtually all teachers can't analyze some patterns correctly, too.)
(Or else, our language is probably not a human's one.)
Also, I'm more curious about the term concluded test than adjunct or complement.
What is a (or the, definitely the OP's) concluded test?
My guess is it's a final exam. But then again, it might be a culminated test, or just a culminate test, or maybe a culminating test, I don't know.
Or is it an eventuality test?
Definitely, something must be concluded during the test. Well, maybe not during, probably after.
Anonymous
16:18
@DamkerngT. Well, linguistics can help… :-) But it's not a requirement, of course!
Anonymous
Not all linguists are good at language learning, and many language learners are ignorant of linguistics
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. I think "an X's one" is a habit for you
Yes, it's a bad one, I think.
Thinking back, I think I was going to say "a human one", and then changed my mind because that wasn't what I thought.
Even though "a human one" might work (in a sense that it's the opposite of machine ones).
But I didn't feel like "a human language" belong to humans, I think, so the fix, in a split second.
I'm not sure which pattern I should use instead (when I say use, I mean use, not think-and-then-use).
Obviously, I really think of it as something belong to some set, and that something is a representation of the members of that set.
Maybe I should stick with "one of X".
Or maybe I should let the pattern "Z's one" become stronger (zero article before [Z's one]).
What's strange (I love to analyze how my brain works) is, for some nouns I use often enough (like "the OP's X", or "[a person name]'s Z), this pattern seems not to be a problem anymore.
However, when I say something unfamiliar (and *not a human's one is not something I usually say), this pattern comes out again.
Anyway, it's easy to notice the error when I read what I wrote once again. (I guess this is normal for most learners.)
What is difficult is probably doing it right the first, in real-time, without thinking.
(I also have noticed lots of ungrammatical sentences from virtually everyone I met or listened to, spoken in their native tongues (which is the same one as mine), when they speak things spontaneously, unprepared.
Anonymous
16:35
@DamkerngT. Sure, native speaker of English make all sorts of slips of the tongue
I guess prepared (or planned or rehearsed) speech, and unprepared (or spontaneous) speech are different. Speech is probably not the real issue. I guess it's the way our brains work that causes such errors.
Anonymous
Spontaneous speech is indeed different from planned speech
Anonymous
That's one reason there are corpora of spontaneous speech
@snailboat Let alone several native speakers!
Anonymous
16:37
@Cerberus That's a slip of my S key. Stupid S key. :-)
@Cerberus Eh? What do you mean by that several?
@snailboat Hehe. Yeah it looked like a typo.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Native speaker doesn't usually take a zero plural :-)
Anonymous
@Cerberus My keyboard is sadly deficient.
Hmm.
Why not buy another one?
16:38
Oh, I just noticed it. :D
Mine cost €3 at the second-hand shop.
Anonymous
Well, it wasn't that long ago that I bought this one. I feel dumb about it.
Anonymous
Oh, I'd never use a 3-euro keyboard.
Why not?
Anonymous
I need another mechanical keyboard to replace this one.
Anonymous
16:39
Because I've used mechanical keyboards.
Ah.
I'd rather have a working keyboard than a mechanical one, though.
Anonymous
I'd rather have a working mechanical keyboard.
cackle
Anonymous
Unfortunately, I've had rotten luck with mechanical keyboards.
OK so you're just postponing.
Anonymous
16:39
I got the Das Keyboard a while back
No warranties?
Anonymous
But it had firmware problems if you typed > 140 wpm
Ah, I have heard of that.
Anonymous
They never replaced it, but I could get a discount on a new one.
By the way, you know das is the German article?
Anonymous
16:40
I'm aware :-)
Anonymous
Later on I got a Rosewill keyboard.
Anonymous
Rosewill is NewEgg's house brand.
Probably it's the same reason that I still work from my very old PC, even though I have a much newer iMac, which is also way faster than this old PC.
Anonymous
It worked pretty well, but…
Anonymous
16:42
Unfortunately, it had a USB MINI-B port and that can come loose fairly easily if you move the keyboard much
Anonymous
This time, I decided to get a keyboard with the same mechanical switches (Cherry MX Blue)
@DamkerngT. Hmm what is that reason?
Anonymous
But I thought I'd get one with a hard-wired cord.
Anonymous
So I bought this mechanical keyboard from some Chinese knockoff company.
@Cerberus Familiarity, I think. :D
Anonymous
16:42
Unfortunately, it was false advertising
Ah, OK.
Anonymous
It claimed to have Cherry MX Blue switches, but it had their own brand of mechanical key switch
Anonymous
And the switches on it fail pretty rapidly…
You couldn't return it?
Anonymous
They feel nice, but they're not reliable.
16:43
My €3 keyboards are all rock solid, they never break.
Anonymous
I'm very happy for you. :-)
This one is an ancient Compaq keyboard.
Hehe.
Anonymous
I've had rotten luck with mechanical keyboards.
I'm sure good mechanical keys are better than my keyboard...
Anonymous
But they're just so much nicer on your hands.
Anonymous
16:44
It's hard to go back.
So why didn't you return the Chinese keyboard when you found the switches were wrong?
Anonymous
Sigh.
You ordered it directly from China?
Anonymous
No, it was drop-shipped.
Drop-shipped?
Anonymous
16:45
Yes
We do not have that here.
I don't know what it is.
From what I gathered, mechanical keyboards are good for health, right?
Anonymous
They're good for your hands. Since I've had RSI problems before, that's helpful for me :-)
Ahh... I see.
Anonymous
I'm just a dope who buys the wrong things :-)
16:59
@snailboat You could use Siri more. :D
BTW, when I said "fighting", I was actually referring to debate which was in a good sense (both of us were cooperating) ;)Amit Joki 21 mins ago
Ahh... So that's what they mean when they say "fight". :D
@snailboat Happens to us all!
 
2 hours later…
19:07
hello
19:31
@fahdijbeli hello
 
1 hour later…
20:45
:)
user116848
20:57
@F.E. Can you tell me what does capital T with small d means in The Cambridge Grammar Of The English Language 2002
01:00 - 21:0021:00 - 00:00

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